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BACKGROUND: Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity has been identified as an autonomous predictor of cardiovascular mortality and kidney injury. This important clinical parameter can be non-invasively estimated using the calculated pulse wave velocity (ePWV). The objective of this study was to examine the correlation between ePWV and in-hospital as well as one-year mortality among critically ill patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and atherosclerotic heart disease (ASHD). METHODS: This study included a cohort of 1173 patients diagnosed with both CKD and ASHD, sourced from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV) database. The four groups divided into quartiles according to ePWV were compared using a Kaplan-Meier survival curve to assess variations in survival rates. Cox proportional hazards models were employed to analyze the correlation between ePWV and in-hospital as well as one-year mortality among critically ill patients with both CKD and ASHD. To further investigate the dose-response relationship, a restricted cubic splines (RCS) model was utilized. Additionally, stratification analyses were performed to examine the impact of ePWV on hospital and one-year mortality across different subgroups. RESULTS: The survival analysis results revealed a negative correlation between higher ePWV and survival rate. After adjusting for confounding factors, higher ePWV level (ePWV > 11.90 m/s) exhibited a statistically significant association with an increased risk of both in-hospital and one-year mortality among patients diagnosed with both CKD and ASHD (HR = 4.72, 95% CI = 3.01-7.39, p < 0.001; HR = 2.04, 95% CI = 1.31-3.19, p = 0.002). The analysis incorporating an RCS model confirmed a linear escalation in the risk of both in-hospital and one-year mortality with rising ePWV values (P for nonlinearity = 0.619; P for nonlinearity = 0.267). CONCLUSIONS: The ePWV may be a potential marker for the in-hospital and one-year mortality assessment of CKD with ASHD, and elevated ePWV was strongly correlated with an elevated mortality risk in patients diagnosed with both CKD and ASHD.
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Mortalidad Hospitalaria , Análisis de la Onda del Pulso , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/mortalidad , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/fisiopatología , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/complicaciones , Anciano , Enfermedad Crítica/mortalidad , Aterosclerosis/mortalidad , Bases de Datos Factuales , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) can induce intensive oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and brain cell apoptosis. However, conventional methods for ICH treatment have many disadvantages. There is an urgent need for alternative, effective therapies with minimal side effects. Pharmacodynamics experiment, molecular docking, network pharmacology, and metabolomics were adopted to investigate the treatment and its mechanism of Jingfang Granules (JFG) in ICH. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of JFG on ICH using behavioral, brain water content and Magnetic resonance imaging experiments. However, the key active component and targets of JFG remain unknown. Here we verified that JFG was beneficial to improve brain injury after ICH. A network pharmacology analysis revealed that the anti-inflammatory effect of JFG is predominantly mediated by its activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway through Luteolin, (+)-Anomalin and Phaseol and their targeting of AKT1, tumor necrosis factorα (TNF-α), and interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß). Molecular docking analyses revealed an average affinity of -8.633 kcal/mol, indicating a binding strength of less than -5 kcal/mol. Metabolomic analysis showed that JFG exerted its therapeutic effect on ICH by regulating metabolic pathways, such as the metabolism of taurine and hypotaurine, biosynthesis of valine, leucine, and isoleucine. In conclusion, we demonstrated that JFG attenuated neuroinflammation and BBB injury subsequent to ICH by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Barrera Hematoencefálica , Hemorragia Cerebral , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Hemorragia Cerebral/tratamiento farmacológico , Hemorragia Cerebral/metabolismo , Animales , Barrera Hematoencefálica/efectos de los fármacos , Barrera Hematoencefálica/metabolismo , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/farmacología , Masculino , Enfermedades Neuroinflamatorias/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades Neuroinflamatorias/metabolismo , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/farmacología , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/metabolismo , Ratones , Ratas , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Farmacología en Red , Modelos Animales de EnfermedadRESUMEN
Due to the unique characteristics of breast cancer initiation sites and significant alterations in tumor metabolism, breast cancer cells rely on lipid metabolic reprogramming to effectively regulate metabolic programs during the disease progression cascade. This adaptation enables them to meet the energy demands required for proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and responses to signaling molecules in the breast cancer microenvironment. In this review, we comprehensively examined the distinctive features of lipid metabolic reprogramming in breast cancer and elucidated the underlying mechanisms driving aberrant behavior of tumor cells. Additionally, we emphasize the potential role and adaptive changes in lipid metabolism within the breast cancer microenvironment, while summarizing recent preclinical studies. Overall, precise control over lipid metabolism rewiring and understanding of plasticity within the breast cancer microenvironment hold promising implications for developing targeted treatment strategies against this disease. Therefore, interventions targeting the lipid metabolism in breast cancer may facilitate innovative advancements in clinical applications.
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Neoplasias de la Mama , Neoplasias , Humanos , Femenino , Neoplasias de la Mama/metabolismo , Metabolismo de los Lípidos/genética , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Reprogramación Metabólica , Microambiente Tumoral/fisiología , LípidosRESUMEN
Chronic pain (CP) is a leading cause of disability and a potential factor that affects biological processes, family relationships, and self-esteem of patients. However, the need for treatment of CP is presently unmet. Current methods of pain management involve the use of drugs, but there are different degrees of concerning side effects. At present, the potential mechanisms underlying CP are not completely clear. As research progresses and novel therapeutic approaches are developed, the shortcomings of current pain treatment methods may be overcome. In this review, we discuss the retinal photoreceptors and brain regions associated with photoanalgesia, as well as the targets involved in photoanalgesia, shedding light on its potential underlying mechanisms. Our aim is to provide a foundation to understand the mechanisms underlying CP and develop light as a novel analgesic treatment has its biological regulation principle for CP. This approach may provide an opportunity to drive the field towards future translational, clinical studies and support pain drug development.
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OBJECTIVE: Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a common orthopedic disease with a high disability rate. The clinical effect of BuShenHuoXue decoction (BSHX) for ONFH is satisfactory. We aimed to elucidate the potential angiogenic mechanisms of BSHX in a rat femoral osteonecrosis model and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). METHODS: With in vivo experiments, we established the steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (SONFH) model using Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (8-week-old). The rats were randomly divided into five group of 12 rats each and given the corresponding interventions: control, model (gavaged with 0.9% saline), BSHX low-, medium- and high-dose groups (0.132 3, 0.264 6, and 0.529 2 g/mL BSHX solution by gavage). After 12 weeks, haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was preformed to evaluate rat osteonecrosis. the expression of angiogenic factors (CD31, VEGFA, KDR, VWF) in rat femoral head was detected by immunohistochemistry, qPCR and western blotting. In cell experiment, BMSCs were isolated and cultured in the femoral bone marrow cavity of 4-week-old SD rats. BMSCs were randomly divided into eight groups and intervened with different doses of BSHX-containing serum and glucocorticoids: control group (CG); BSHX low-, medium-, and high-dose groups (CG + 0.661 5, 1.323, and 2.646 g/kg BSHX gavage rat serum); dexamethasone (Dex) group; and Dex + BSHX low-, medium-, and high-dose groups (Dex + 0.661 5, 1.323, and 2.646 g/kg BSHX gavaged rat serum), the effects of BSHX-containing serum on the angiogenic capacity of BMSCs were examined by qPCR and Western blotting. A co-culture system of rat aortic endothelial cells (RAOECs) and BMSCs was then established. Migration and angiogenesis of RAOECs were observed using angiogenesis and transwell assay. Identification of potential targets of BSHX against ONFH was obtained using network pharmacology. RESULTS: BSHX upregulated the expression of CD31, VEGFA, KDR, and VWF in rat femoral head samples and BMSCs (p < 0.05, vs. control group or model group). Different concentrations of BSHX-containing serum significantly ameliorated the inhibition of CD31, VEGFA, KDR and VWF expression by high concentrations of Dex. BSHX-containing serum-induced BMSCs promoted the migration and angiogenesis of RAOECs, reversed to some extent the adverse effect of Dex on microangiogenesis in RAOECs, and increased the number of microangiogenic vessels. Furthermore, we identified VEGFA, COL1A1, COL3A1, and SPP1 as important targets of BSHX against ONFH. CONCLUSION: BSHX upregulated the expression of angiogenic factors in the femoral head tissue of ONFH model rats and promoted the angiogenic capacity of rat RAOECs and BMSCs. This study provides an important basis for the use of BSHX for ONFH prevention and treatment.
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Necrosis de la Cabeza Femoral , Osteonecrosis , Ratas , Animales , Cabeza Femoral , Necrosis de la Cabeza Femoral/inducido químicamente , Necrosis de la Cabeza Femoral/tratamiento farmacológico , Necrosis de la Cabeza Femoral/metabolismo , Células Endoteliales/metabolismo , Farmacología en Red , Factor de von Willebrand/efectos adversos , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , OsteogénesisRESUMEN
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a major global health burden, and sorafenib, a multi-kinase inhibitor, has shown effectiveness in the treatment of HCC and is considered as the first-line therapy for advanced HCC. However, the response to sorafenib varies among patients, and the development of drug resistance poses a prevalent obstacle. Ferroptosis, a newly characterized form of cell death featured by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, has emerged as a critical player in the reaction to sorafenib therapy in HCC. The induction of ferroptosis has been shown to augment the anticancer benefits of sorafenib. However, it has also been observed to contribute to sorafenib resistance. This review presents a comprehensive and thorough analysis that elucidates the intricate relationship between ferroptosis and sorafenib over recent years, aiming to formulate effective therapeutic approaches for liver cancer. Based on this exploration, we propose innovative strategies intended to overcome sorafenib resistance via targeted modulation of ferroptosis.
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Antineoplásicos , Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Ferroptosis , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Humanos , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patología , Sorafenib/farmacología , Sorafenib/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patología , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Línea Celular TumoralRESUMEN
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the most abundant stromal cell population in breast tumors. A functionally diverse population of CAFs increases the dynamic complexity of the tumor microenvironment (TME). The intertwined network of the TME facilitates the interaction between activated CAFs and breast cancer cells, which can lead to the proliferation and invasion of breast cells. Considering the special transmission function of CAFs, the aim of this review is to summarize and highlight the crosstalk between CAFs and breast cancer cells in the TME as well as the relationship between CAFs and extracellular matrix (ECM), soluble cytokines, and other stromal cells in the metastatic state. The crosstalk between cancer-associated fibroblasts and tumor microenvironment also provides a plastic therapeutic target for breast cancer metastasis. In the course of the study, the inhibitory effects of different natural compounds on targeting CAFs and the advantages of different drug combinations were summarized. CAFs are also widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. The cumulative research on this phenomenon supports the establishment of a targeted immune microenvironment as a possible breakthrough in the prevention of invasive metastasis of breast cancer.
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Neoplasias de la Mama , Fibroblastos Asociados al Cáncer , Humanos , Femenino , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Fibroblastos Asociados al Cáncer/patología , Fibroblastos/patología , Mama/patología , Microambiente Tumoral , Melanoma Cutáneo MalignoRESUMEN
Pericyte dysfunction and loss contribute substantially to the destabilization and rupture of atherosclerotic plaques. Protocatechuic aldehyde (PCAD), a natural polyphenol, exerts anti-atherosclerotic effects. However, the effects and mechanisms of this polyphenol on pericyte recruitment, coverage, and pericyte function remain unknown. We here treated apolipoprotein E-deficient mice having high-fat diet-induced atherosclerosis with PCAD. PCAD achieved therapeutic effects similar to rosuvastatin in lowering lipid levels and thus preventing atherosclerosis progression. With PCAD administration, plaque phenotype exhibited higher stability with markedly reduced lesion vulnerability, which is characterized by reduced lipid content and macrophage accumulation, and a consequent increase in collagen deposition. PCAD therapy increased pericyte coverage in the plaques, reduced VEGF-A production, and inhibited intraplaque neovascularization. PCAD promoted pericyte proliferation, adhesion, and migration to mitigate ox-LDL-induced pericyte dysfunction, which thus maintained the capillary network structure and stability. Furthermore, TGFBR1 silencing partially reversed the protective effect exerted by PCAD on human microvascular pericytes. PCAD increased pericyte coverage and impeded ox-LDL-induced damages through TGF-ß1/TGFBR1/Smad2/3 signaling. All these novel findings indicated that PCAD increases pericyte coverage and alleviates pericyte damage to improve the stability of atherosclerotic plaques, which is accomplished by regulating TGF-ß1/TGFBR1/Smad2/3 signaling in pericytes.
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Aterosclerosis , Placa Aterosclerótica , Animales , Ratones , Humanos , Placa Aterosclerótica/tratamiento farmacológico , Placa Aterosclerótica/patología , Pericitos/patología , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta1 , Receptor Tipo I de Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta , Aterosclerosis/patología , Lípidos/uso terapéutico , Polifenoles/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
Neuroinflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders, and despite intensive research, treatment of neuroinflammation remains limited. BaiXiangDan capsule (BXD) is widely used in clinical practice. However, systematic studies on the direct role and mechanisms of BXD in neuroinflammation are still lacking. We systematically evaluated the potential pharmacological mechanisms of BXD on neuroinflammation using network pharmacological analysis combined with experimental validation. Multiple databases are used to mine potential targets for bioactive ingredients, drug targets and neuroinflammation. GO and KEGG pathway analysis was also performed. Interactions between active ingredients and pivotal targets were confirmed by molecular docking. An experimental model of neuroinflammation was used to evaluate possible therapeutic mechanisms for BXD. Network pharmacological analysis revealed that Chrysoeriol, Kaempferol and Luteolin in BXD exerted their anti-neuroinflammatory effects mainly by acting on targets such as NCOA2, PIK3CA and PTGS2. Molecular docking results showed that their average affinity was less than -5 kcal/mol, with an average affinity of -8.286 kcal/mol. Pathways in cancer was found to be a potentially important pathway, with involvement of PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. In addition, in vivo experiments showed that BXD treatment ameliorated neural damage and reduced neuronal cell death. Western blotting, RT-qPCR and ELISA analysis showed that BXD inhibited not only the expression of IL-1ß, TNF-α and NO, but also NF-κB, MMP9 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. This study applied network pharmacology and in vivo experiments to explore the possible mechanisms of BXD against neuroinflammation, providing insight into the treatment of neuroinflammation.
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Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt , Cápsulas , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Western BlottingRESUMEN
Poor transdermal permeability limits the possibility of most drug delivery through the skin. Auxiliary permeable microneedles (AP-MNs) with a three-dimensional network structure can effectively break the skin stratum corneum barrier and assist in the transdermal delivery of active ingredients. Herein, we propose a simple method for preparing AP-MNs using polyvinyl alcohol and Eudragit NM30D for the first time. To optimize the formulation of microneedles, the characteristics of swelling properties, skin insertion, solution viscosity, and needle integrity were systematically examined. Additionally, the morphology, mechanical strength, formation mechanism, skin permeability, swelling performance, biocompatibility, and in vitro transdermal drug delivery of AP-MNs were evaluated. The results indicated that the microneedles exhibited excellent mechanical-strength and hydrogel-forming properties after swelling. Further, it proved that a continuous and unblockable network channel was created based on physical entanglement and encapsulation of two materials. The 24 h cumulative permeation of acidic and alkaline model drugs, azelaic acid and matrine, were 51.73 ± 2.61% and 54.02 ± 2.85%, respectively, significantly enhancing the transdermal permeability of the two drugs. In summary, the novel auxiliary permeable microneedles prepared through a simple blending route of two materials was a promising and valuable way to improve drug permeation efficiency.
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The pathogenesis of coronary heart disease is a highly complex process, with lipid metabolism disorders being closely linked to its development. Therefore, this paper analyzes the various factors that influence lipid metabolism, including obesity, genes, intestinal microflora, and ferroptosis, through a comprehensive review of basic and clinical studies. Additionally, this paper delves deeply into the pathways and patterns of coronary heart disease. Based on these findings, it proposes various intervention pathways and therapeutic methods, such as the regulation of lipoprotein enzymes, lipid metabolites, and lipoprotein regulatory factors, as well as the modulation of intestinal microflora and the inhibition of ferroptosis. Ultimately, this paper aims to offer new ideas for the prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease.
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Enfermedad Coronaria , Metabolismo de los Lípidos , Humanos , Enfermedad Coronaria/prevención & control , Enfermedad Coronaria/etiología , Enfermedad Coronaria/metabolismo , Obesidad , Lipoproteínas/metabolismoRESUMEN
With the rapid development of next-generation sequencing technology, several studies have shown that ncRNAs can act as competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) and are involved in various biological processes, such as proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and migration of breast cancer (BC) cells, and plays an important role in BC progression as a molecular target for its diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and differentiation of subtypes and age groups of BC patients. Based on the description of ceRNA-related biological functions, this study screened and sorted the sequencing analysis and experimental verification conclusions of BC-related ceRNAs and found that the ncRNAs mediated ceRNA networks can promote the development of BC by promoting the expression of genes related to BC proliferation, drug resistance, and apoptosis, inducing the production of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) to promote metastasis and activating cancer-related signaling pathways.
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Neoplasias de la Mama , MicroARNs , ARN Largo no Codificante , Humanos , Femenino , Neoplasias de la Mama/genética , MicroARNs/genética , Transcriptoma , ARN no Traducido/genética , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Redes Reguladoras de Genes , ARN Largo no Codificante/genética , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión GénicaRESUMEN
Background: Aggressive behaviors are one of the most important negative behaviors that seriously endangers human health. Also, the central para-inflammation of microglia triggered by stress can affect neurological function, plasticity, and behavior. NLRP3 integrates stress-related signals and is a key driver of this neural para-inflammation. However, it is unclear whether the NLRP3 inflammasome is implicated in the development of aggressive behaviors. Methods: First, aggressive behavior model mice were established using the resident intruder paradigm. Then, aggressive behaviors were determined with open-field tests (OFT), elevated plus-maze (EPM), and aggressive behavior tests (AT). Moreover, the expression of P2X7R and NLRP3 inflammasome complexes were assessed by immunofluorescence and Western blot. The levels of NLRP3 and inflammatory cytokines were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Finally, nerve plasticity damage was observed by immunofluorescence, transmission electron microscope, and BrdU staining. Results: Overall, the resident intruder paradigm induced aggressive behaviors, activated the hippocampal P2X7R and NLRP3 inflammasome, and promoted the release of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1ß in mice. Moreover, NLRP3 knockdown, administration of P2X7R antagonist (A804598), and IL-1ß blocker (IL-1Ra) prevented NLRP3 inflammasome-driven inflammatory responses and ameliorated resident intruder paradigm-induced aggressive behaviors. Also, the resident intruder paradigm promoted the activation of mouse microglia, damaging synapses in the hippocampus, and suppressing hippocampal regeneration in mice. Besides, NLRP3 knockdown, administration of A804598, and IL-1Ra inhibited the activation of microglia, improved synaptic damage, and restored hippocampal regeneration. Conclusion: The NLRP3 inflammasome-driven inflammatory response contributed to resident intruder paradigm-induced aggressive behavior, which might be related to neuroplasticity. Therefore, the NLRP3 inflammasome can be a potential target to treat aggressive behavior-related mental illnesses.
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Background: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a biological process involved in tumor migration, invasion, and radiotherapy resistance. Bufalin can affect the proliferation, apoptosis and invasion of tumor cells by regulating multiple signaling pathways. Whether bufalin can increase radiosensitivity through EMT deserves further investigation. Methods: In this study, we investigated the effect of bufalin on the EMT and radiosensitivity of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the underlying molecular mechanism. NSCLC cells were treated with bufalin (at a dose of 0-100 nM) or irradiated with 6 MV X-rays (4 Gy/min). The effects of bufalin on cell survival, cell cycle, radiosensitivity, cell migration, and invasion were detected. Western blot was used to analyze the gene expression changes of Src signaling in NSCLC cell induced by Bufalin. Results: Bufalin significantly inhibited cell survival, migration, and invasion and induced G2/M arrest and apoptosis. Cells co-treated with bufalin and radiation manifested a higher inhibitory effect compared to those treated with radiation or bufalin alone. Furthermore, the levels of p-Src and p-STAT3 were considerably reduced following bufalin treatment. Interestingly, elevated p-Src and p-STAT3 were observed in cells treated with radiation. Bufalin inhibited radiation-induced p-Src and p-STAT3, whereas the knockdown of Src abrogated the effects of bufalin on cell migration, invasion, EMT, and radiosensitivity. Conclusions: Bufalin inhibits EMT and enhances radiosensitivity through targeting Src signaling in NSCLC.
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As a biological carrier, exosomes participate in the communication between various kinds of cells, and can mediate the interactive 'dialogue' between tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). TAMs are the most abundant cell population in the tumor stroma and are an important part of the tumor immune microenvironment. Various stimulating factors in the tumor microenvironment influence the polarization of TAMs into multiple phenotypes, such as M1 and M2. It plays a dual role in tumor immunity by both promoting and inhibiting tumor growth. Exosome-encapsulated non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) participate in the interactive 'dialogue' between exosome-mediated TAMs and tumor cells. Tumor-derived exosomal ncRNAs can promote macrophage polarization, whereas exosomal ncRNAs derived from TAMs can affect tumor proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis, and chemotherapy resistance. The present review summarizes the dual effects of exosomal ncRNAs on tumor cells and TAMs, and discusses the application of exosomal ncRNAs as a potential diagnostic or prognostic marker and drug delivery system, to provide a new perspective and potential therapeutic drugs on targeting exosomes and macrophages in the treatment of tumors.
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Exosomas , Neoplasias , Humanos , Macrófagos Asociados a Tumores , Exosomas/genética , Exosomas/patología , Microambiente Tumoral , ARN no Traducido/genética , Macrófagos/patología , Neoplasias/patologíaRESUMEN
Astragalus membranaceus Bunge is widely used in Traditional Chinese Medicine to treat various cancers. AstragalosideIV (ASIV) is one of the major compounds isolated from A. membranaceus Bunge and has been demonstrated to have antitumor effects by inhibiting cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis in various cancer types. Numerous studies have used in vitro cell culture and in vivo animal models of cancer to explore the antitumor activities of ASIV. In the present study, the antitumor effects and mechanisms of ASIV reported in studies recorded in the PubMed database were reviewed. First, the antitumor effects of ASIV on proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, autophagy, invasion, migration, metastasis and epithelialmesenchymal transition processes in cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment, including angiogenesis, tumor immunity and macrophagerelated immune responses to cancer cells, were comprehensively discussed. Subsequently, the molecular mechanisms and related signaling pathways associated with antitumor effects of ASIV as indicated by in vitro and in vivo studies were summarized, including the Wnt/AKT/GSK-3ß (glycogen synthase kinase3ß)/ßcatenin, TGFß/PI3K/AKT/mTOR, PI3K/MAPK/mTOR, PI3K/AKT/NFκB, Rac family small GTPase 1/RAS/MAPK/ERK, TNFα/protein kinase C/ERK1/2NFκB and Tregs (Tregulatory cells)/IL11/STAT3 signaling pathways. Of note, several novel mechanisms of Tolllike receptor 4 (TLR4)/NFκB/STAT3, pSmad3C/3L, nuclear factor erythroid 2related factor (NrF2)/heme oxygenase 1, circDLST/microRNA4893p/eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A1 and macrophagerelated highmobility group box 1TLR4 signaling pathways associated with the anticancer activity of ASIV were also included. Finally, the limitations of current studies that must be addressed in future studies were pointed out to facilitate the establishment of ASIV as a potent therapeutic drug in cancer treatment.
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Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt , Animales , Apoptosis , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular , Glucógeno Sintasa Quinasa 3 beta , FN-kappa B , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/metabolismo , Receptor Toll-Like 4 , Serina-Treonina Quinasas TOR/metabolismoRESUMEN
Anxiety disorder is one of the most common mental diseases. It is mainly characterized by a sudden, recurring but indescribable panic, fear, tension and/or anxiety. Yangshendingzhi granules (YSDZ) are widely used in the treatment of anxiety disorders, but its active ingredients and underlying mechanisms are not yet clear. This study integrates network pharmacology and metabolomics to investigate the potential mechanism of action of YSDZ in a rat model of anxiety. First, potential active ingredients and targets were screened by network pharmacology. Then, predictions were verified by molecular docking, molecular dynamics and western blotting. Metabolomics was used to identify differential metabolites and metabolic pathways. All results were integrated for a comprehensive analysis. Network pharmacology analysis found that Carotene, ß-sitosterol, quercetin, Stigmasterol, and kaempferol in YSDZ exert anxiolytic effects mainly by acting on IL1ß, GABRA1, PTGS1, ESR1, and TNF targets. Molecular docking results showed that all the affinities were lower than -5 kcal/mol, and the average affinities were -7.7764 kcal/mol. Molecular dynamics simulation results showed that RMSD was lower than 2.5 A, and the overall conformational changes of proteins were small, indicating that the small molecules formed stable complexes with proteins. The results of animal experiments showed that YSDZ exerts anxiolytic effects by regulating GABRA1 and TNF-α, ameliorating pathological damage in hippocampal CA1, and regulating metabolic pathways such as thiamine, cysteine and methionine metabolism, lysine biosynthesis and degradation. Altogether, we reveal multiple mechanisms through which YSDZ exerts its anti-anxiety effects, which may provide a reference for its clinical application and drug development.
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Botanicals have attracted much attention in the field of anti-inflammatory due to their good pharmacological activity and efficacy. Andrographis paniculata is a natural plant ingredient that is widely used around the world. Andrographolide is the main active ingredient derived from Andrographis paniculata, which has a good effect on the treatment of inflammatory diseases. This article reviews the application, anti-inflammatory mechanism and molecular targets of andrographolide in different inflammatory diseases, including respiratory, digestive, immune, nervous, cardiovascular, skeletal, and tumor system diseases. And describe its toxicity and explain its safety. Studies have shown that andrographolide can be used to treat inflammatory lesions of various systemic diseases. In particular, it acts on many inflammation-related signalling pathways. The future direction of andrographolide research is also introduced, as is the recent research that indicates its potential clinical application as an anti-inflammatory agent.
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The effect of pyroptosis-related genes (PRGs) on the tumor microenvironment (TME) in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains unclear. Thus, this study is aimed at evaluating the prognostic value of PRGs in patients with LUAD and to elucidate their role in the TME and their effect on immunotherapy. Transcriptomic and clinical data were obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas and the Gene Expression Omnibus databases (GSE3141, GSE31210). Patients with LUAD were classified using consistent clustering, and the differences in the TME for each type were determined using the ESTIMATE and CIBERSORT algorithms. PRGs were screened using univariate regression analysis, and a prognostic risk model was constructed using LASSO regression analysis. The tumor mutational burden and the tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion algorithms were used to predict therapeutic sensitivity in LUAD patients. Then, we evaluated the potential therapeutic interventions using the GDSC database. LUAD patients in cluster 2 had significantly shorter overall survival and progression-free survival rates, lower immune scores, and higher infiltration of T follicular helper cells than those in cluster 1. We used five PRGs to classify patients with LUAD into different risks groups and found that the high-risk group is sensitive to immunotherapy; however, its immune-related pathways were inhibited, which may be related to tumor metabolic reprogramming. Lastly, we identified several potential therapeutic drugs for application in low-risk patients who were less sensitive to immunotherapy. Overall, our findings showed that PRGs can be used to predict prognosis and may aid in the development of personalized therapeutic strategies in LUAD patients.
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Adenocarcinoma del Pulmón , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Humanos , Piroptosis/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Adenocarcinoma del Pulmón/patología , Pronóstico , Biomarcadores de Tumor/metabolismo , Microambiente Tumoral/genéticaRESUMEN
Correction for 'Eliciting an immune hot tumor niche with biomimetic drug-based multi-functional nanohybrids augments immune checkpoint blockade-based breast cancer therapy' by Wei Du et al., Nanoscale, 2020, 12, 3317-3329, https://doi.org/10.1039/C9NR09835F.