Bibliometrics and knowledge mapping of the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with liver cirrhosis.

Background: Hepatic encephalopathy is a common and serious complication of decompensated cirrhosis. It can considerably contribute to economic burden and impaired quality of life. However, its pathogenesis remains unclear. Method: In this study, we aimed to visually analyse the research status and development trends in hepatic encephalopathy pathogenesis using bibliometrics and knowledge mapping. Information regarding publications between 1978 and 2022 were obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection. CiteSpace was used to analyse and present data by year, author, institution, country, journal, reference, and keyword. Results: A total of 1578 publications on hepatic encephalopathy pathogenesis in patients with cirrhosis were retrieved from Web of Science Core Collection. A gradual increasing trend in annual publications has occurred. The collaborative network analysis results suggest the United States of America, the University of London, and Bajaj, Jasmohan S as the most influential country, institution, and author, respectively, in this research field. Notably, China appeariiuis to be the most promising country. Research on 'hepatology' garners the most significant papers in the field. Combined with reference co-citation and keyword co-occurrence analyses, we found that ammonia metabolism, gut microbiota, sarcopenia, and trace elements will become future research frontiers that are likely to be explored for a considerable length of time. Conclusion: Future research directions in HE pathogenesis may target modulating the ammonia metabolism, the gut microbiota, sarcopenia, and trace elements.

Nursing students' work readiness and its influencing factors before participating in a nurse residency program: a multicenter cross-sectional study.

Background: Studies have shown that work readiness is closely related to nurses' role adaptation, career development, and patient safety. However, we know little about the nursing students' work readiness and its influencing factors before participating in a nurse residency program, and whether factors have changed from before. Aim: (1) To investigate the work readiness of nursing students ready to engage in a nurse residency program; (2) to identify the factors affecting the nursing students' work readiness and the associations between emotional intelligence and work readiness; and (3) to discuss the changes of factors affecting nursing students' work readiness. Design: An online, multicenter cross-sectional study. Methods: 878 nursing students from eight tertiary hospitals in Chongqing, China were recruited. The online investigation used the General Information Questionnaire, the Nursing Students' Work Readiness Scale, and the Emotional Intelligence scale. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS V23.0. Results: 768 valid questionnaires were included in this study. The nurses obtained a work readiness score of 277.08 ± 44.39 and an emotional intelligence score of 89.57 ± 13.89. Univariate analysis revealed that the following factors affected work readiness: age, sex, family support for becoming a nurse, voluntary choice of nursing major, previous experience as a student cadre, scholarship recipient status, willingness to engage in nursing work during the COVID-19 pandemic and confidence in clinical nursing practice. Frequent incidents of violence, poor salary for nurses for the nurse residency program, and low social acceptance were the top three reasons for decreased confidence in clinical nursing among nursing students. Furthermore, multiple linear regression analysis indicated that age, voluntary choice of nursing major, student leadership experience, confidence in clinical nursing work, self-emotion, and emotional application significantly influenced nurses' work readiness. Conclusion: Clinical instructors and administrators should dynamically assess nurses' work readiness, prioritize individuals aged ≤23, who have chosen the nursing profession involuntarily, lack prior experience as student cadres, and exhibit low confidence in clinical nursing work. This focus will enhance their emotional self-management skills and ability to apply emotions effectively, improving their work readiness and training efficacy.

Screening and assessment of malnutrition in patients with liver cirrhosis.

The development and advancement of malnutrition is associated not only with the progression of hepatic dysfunction, but also with cirrhosis-related complications. However, the prevalence of malnutrition reported in different studies varies widely due to differences in diagnostic methods and patient investigation settings. Therefore, we need to identify malnourished patients promptly and accurately. The purpose of this review was to compare the validity and reliability of nutritional screening tools and to select the most appropriate nutritional risk screening for patients with cirrhosis. We compared nutritional risk screening tools such as the Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS-2002), Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST), Royal Free Hospital-Nutritional Prioritizing Tool (RFH-NPT) and Liver Disease Undernutrition Screening Tool (LDUST). Royal Free Hospital-Nutritional Prioritizing Tool (RFH-NPT) is more feasible to screen cirrhotic patients for nutritional risk, and is highly reproducible, considering the impact of sodium and water retention; so it is practical to screen cirrhotic patients via RFH-NPT for nutritional risk, subsequently, to evaluate the nutritional status of patients with nutritional risk via the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) diagnostic criteria. L3-SMI (third lumbar-skeletal muscle index) can accurately define sarcopenia in cirrhotic patients and also be used for clinical nutritional status assessment.

The prognostic value of pretreatment 18F-FDG PET-CT parameters with peripheral blood markers in patients with de novo metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To develop and validate a prognostic nomogram based on pretreatment 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET-CT)radiomics parameters and peripheral blood markers for risk stratification in patients with de novo metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (dmNPC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 558 patients with dmNPC were retrospectively enrolled between 2011 and 2019. Eligible patients were randomly divided into training and validation cohorts (7:3 ratio). A Cox regression model was used to identify prognostic factors for overall survival (OS). The predictive accuracy and discriminative ability of the prognostic nomogram were determined using the concordance index (C-index) and calibration curve. RESULTS: Independent factors derived from multivariable analysis of the training cohort to predict death were lactate dehydrogenase levels, pretreatment Epstein-Barr virus DNA, total lesion glycolysis of locoregional lesions, number of metastatic lesions, and age, all of which were assembled into a nomogram with (nomogram B) or without PET-CT parameters (nomogram A). The C-index of nomogram B for predicting death was 0.70, which was significantly higher than the C-index values for nomogram A. Patients were then stratified into low- and high-risk groups based on the scores calculated using nomogram B for OS. The median OS was significantly higher in the low-risk group than in the high-risk group (69.60 months [95 % CI: 58.50-108.66] vs. 21.40 months [95 % CI: 19.20-23.90]; p＜0.01). All the results were confirmed in the validation cohort. CONCLUSION: The proposed nomogram including PET-CT parameters yielded accurate prognostic predictions for patients with dmNPC, enabling effective risk stratification for these patients.

Fructose-1, 6-Bisphosphate Aldolase B Suppresses Glycolysis and Tumor Progression of Gastric Cancer.

OBJECTIVE: Gastric cancer (GC) is believed to be one of the most common digestive tract malignant tumors. However, mounting evidence indicates a link between the glycolysis and tumorigenesis, including gastric cancer. METHODS: Our research identified 5508 differently expressed mRNAs in gastric cancer. Then, the genes highly associated with tumorigenesis were identified through weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA). Bioinformatics analysis observed that these hub genes were significantly linked to the regulation of cell cycle, drug metabolism, and glycolysis. Among these hub genes, there is a critical gene involved in glycolysis regulation, namely fructose-bisphosphate B (ALDOB). RESULTS: Analysis based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and three Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets revealed that ALDOB was significantly downregulated in GC compared with normal tissues. In addition, cell viability assay confirmed that ALDOB acted as a tumor suppressor. Finally, drug sensitivity analysis revealed that ALDOB increased the sensitivity of gastric cancer cells to most antitumor drugs, especially talazoparib, XAV939, and FTI-277. Our results showed that the expression of ALDOB was significantly lower in GC tissues than in normal tissues. And ALDOB significantly inhibited proliferation and migration, delayed glycolysis in GC cells. Consequently, our study suggests that ALDOB may be a potential target for the clinical treatment of gastric cancer.

Cdc42 deletion yielded enamel defects by disrupting mitochondria and producing reactive oxygen species in dental epithelium.

Developmental defects of enamel are common due to genetic and environmental factors before and after birth. Cdc42, a Rho family small GTPase, regulates prenatal tooth development in mice. However, its role in postnatal tooth development, especially enamel formation, remains elusive. Here, we investigated Cdc42 functions in mouse enamel development and tooth repair after birth. Cdc42 showed highly dynamic temporospatial patterns in the developing incisors, with robust expression in ameloblast and odontoblast layers. Strikingly, epithelium-specific Cdc42 deletion resulted in enamel defects in incisors. Ameloblast differentiation was inhibited, and hypomineralization of enamel was observed upon epithelial Cdc42 deletion. Proteomic analysis showed that abnormal mitochondrial components, phosphotransferase activity, and ion channel regulator activity occurred in the Cdc42 mutant dental epithelium. Reactive oxygen species accumulation was detected in the mutant mice, suggesting that abnormal oxidative stress occurred after Cdc42 depletion. Moreover, Cdc42 mutant mice showed delayed tooth repair and generated less calcified enamel. Mitochondrial dysfunction and abnormal oxygen consumption were evidenced by reduced Apool and Timm8a1 expression, increased Atp5j2 levels, and reactive oxygen species overproduction in the mutant repair epithelium. Epithelium-specific Cdc42 deletion attenuated ERK1/2 signaling in the labial cervical loop. Aberrant Sox2 expression in the mutant labial cervical loop after clipping might lead to delayed tooth repair. These findings suggested that mitochondrial dysfunction, up-regulated oxidative stress, and abnormal ion channel activity may be among multiple factors responsible for the observed enamel defects in Cdc42 mutant incisors. Overall, Cdc42 exerts multidimensional and pivotal roles in enamel development and is particularly required for ameloblast differentiation and enamel matrix formation.

Duck STING mediates antiviral autophagy directing the interferon signaling pathway to inhibit duck plague virus infection.

Migratory birds are important vectors for virus transmission, how migratory birds recognize viruses and viruses are sustained in birds is still enigmatic. As an animal model for waterfowl among migratory birds, studying and dissecting the antiviral immunity and viral evasion in duck cells may pave a path to deciphering these puzzles. Here, we studied the mechanism of antiviral autophagy mediated by duck STING in DEF cells. The results collaborated that duck STING could significantly enhance LC3B-II/I turnover, LC3B-EGFP puncta formation, and mCherry/EGFP ratio, indicating that duck STING could induce autophagy. The autophagy induced by duck STING is not affected by shRNA knockdown of ATG5 expression, deletion of the C-terminal tail of STING, or TBK1 inhibitor BX795 treatment, indicating that duck STING activated non-classical selective autophagy is independent of interaction with TBK1, TBK1 phosphorylation, and interferon (IFN) signaling. The STING R235A mutant and Sar1A/B kinase mutant abolished duck STING induced autophagy, suggesting binding with cGAMP and COPII complex mediated transport are the critical prerequisite. Duck STING interacted with LC3B through LIR motifs to induce autophagy, the LIR 4/7 motif mutants of duck STING abolished the interaction with LC3B, and neither activated autophagy nor IFN expression, indicating that duck STING associates with LC3B directed autophagy and dictated innate immunity activation. Finally, we found that duck STING mediated autophagy significantly inhibited duck plague virus (DPV) infection via ubiquitously degraded viral proteins. Our study may shed light on one scenario about the control and evasion of diseases transmitted by migratory birds.

Diagnostic value of immune-related biomarker FAM83A in differentiating malignant from benign pleural effusion in lung adenocarcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is frequently observed in patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Pleural fluid cytology is a less invasive procedure compared to pleural biopsy. Therefore, it is crucial to identify novel effective biomarkers for LUAD-associated pleural fluid cytology. METHODS: The RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and clinical data of LUAD cases were downloaded from TCGA and OncoSG databases. Differential gene expression analysis, survival analysis and immune cell infiltration analysis were performed on the LUAD datasets. The expression levels of FAM83A, TFF-1, and NapsinA in 94 paired LUAD and adjacent normal tissues, and in the pleural effusion specimens of 40 LUAD and 21 non-neoplastic patients were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: FAM83A expression levels were significantly different between the LUAD and normal tissue datasets, and correlated with overall or disease-free survival, and histological grade of the tumors. Furthermore, the in-situ expression of FAM83A was higher in 89/94 LUAD tissues compared to the paired normal tissues. FAM83A expression was significantly correlated with immune cell infiltration, and showed a positive association with macrophage infiltration. In addition, FAM83A staining was positive in 37 LUAD pleural effusion samples, and negative in 20 non-neoplastic pleural effusion samples. The expression pattern of FAM83A in the pleural effusion of LUAD patients was relatively consistent with that of TFF-1 and NapsinA, and even stronger in some specimens that were weakly positive or negative for TTF1/NapsinA. CONCLUSIONS: FAM83A is a promising immune-related biomarker in LUAD biopsy specimens and pleural fluid, and can distinguish between malignant and benign pleural effusion.

Dynamic risk assessment of a coal slurry preparation system based on the structure-variable Dynamic Bayesian Network.

In order to strengthen the safety management of coal slurry preparation systems, a dynamic risk assessment method was established by using the bow-tie (BT) model and the Structure-variable Dynamic Bayesian Network (SVDBN). First, the BT model was transformed into a static Bayesian network (BN) model of the failure of a coal slurry preparation system by using the bow-tie model and the structural similarity of the Bayesian cognitive science, based on the SVDBN recursive reasoning algorithm. The risk factors of the coal slurry preparation system were deduced using the Python language in two ways, and at the same time, preventive measures were put forward according to the weak links. In order to verify the accuracy and feasibility of this method, the simulation results were compared with those obtained using GeNIe software. The reasoning results of the two methods were very similar. Without considering maintenance factors, the failure rate of the coal slurry preparation system gradually increases with increasing time. When considering maintenance factors, the reliability of the coal slurry preparation system will gradually be maintained at a certain threshold, and the maintenance factors will increase the reliability of the system. The proposed method can provide a theoretical basis for the risk assessment and safety management of coal slurry preparation systems.

Results of a Pilot External Quality Assessment Scheme for Genetic Testing of Newborns with Spinal Muscular Atrophy.

BACKGROUND: This study aims to evaluate the ability of laboratories to perform spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) genetic testing in newborns based on dried blood spot (DBS) samples, and to provide reference data and advance preparation for establishing the pilot external quality assessment (EQA) scheme for SMA genetic testing of newborns in China. METHODS: The pilot EQA scheme contents and evaluation principles of this project were designed by National Center for Clinical Laboratories (NCCL), National Health Commission. Two surveys were carried out in 2022, and 5 batches of blood spots were submitted to the participating laboratory each time. All participating laboratories conducted testing upon receiving samples, and test results were submitted to NCCL within the specified date. RESULTS: The return rates were 75.0% (21/28) and 95.2% (20/21) in the first and second surveys, respectively. The total return rate of the two examinations was 83.7% (41/49). Nineteen laboratories (19/21, 90.5%) had a full score passing on the first survey, while in the second survey twenty laboratories (20/20, 100%) scored full. CONCLUSIONS: This pilot EQA survey provides a preliminary understanding of the capability of SMA genetic testing for newborns across laboratories in China. A few laboratories had technical or operational problems in testing. It is, therefore, of importance to strengthen laboratory management and to improve testing capacity for the establishment of a national EQA scheme for newborn SMA genetic testing.

[Characteristics, Sources Apportionment, and Health Risks of PM2.5-bound PAHs and Their Derivatives Before and After Heating in Zibo City].

Atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their derivatives are a global problem that influences the environment and threatens human health. To investigate the characteristics, sources, and health risk assessment of PM2.5-bound PAHs and their derivatives, PM2.5 were collected at an urban site in Zibo from November 5 to December 26, 2020, and the concentrations of 16 conventional PAHs, nine NPAHs, and five OPAHs in PM2.5 were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Source apportionment of PAHs and their derivatives was conducted using diagnostic ratios and a PMF model, and the health risks of PAHs and their derivatives to adult men and women were evaluated using the source-dependent incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) model. The results showed that the average concentrations of ∑16pPAHs, ∑9NPAHs, and ∑5OPAHs in PM2.5 of Zibo City during the sampling period were (41.61 ± 13.40), (6.38 ± 5.70), and (53.20 ± 53.47) ng·m-3, respectively. The concentrations of the three PAHs increased significantly after heating, which were 1.31, 2.04, and 5.24 times larger than those before heating. During the sampling period, Chr, BaP, and BaA were the dominant components of pPAHs; 9N-Ant and 2N-Flt + 3N-Flt were the dominant components of NPAHs; and ATQ and BZO were the dominant components of OPAHs. Source apportionment results showed that motor vehicles were the main source of PAHs and their derivatives in PM2.5 before heating, whereas after heating, the main sources were the mixed source of coal and biomass combustion and secondary formation. The total BaP equivalent (TEQ) was 14.5 ng·m-3 during the sampling period, and the TEQ increased significantly after heating, which was approximately 1.2 times of that before heating. Assisted by the individual PAH source apportionment results, the ILCR of PM2.5-boundPAHs and NPAHs in Zibo City had a certain potential carcinogenic risk for adult males (1.06 × 10-5) and females (9.32 × 10-6). Among them, the health risks of PAHs from gasoline vehicles, diesel vehicles, and coal/biomass combustion were significantly higher than those from other emission sources.

Multi-group symbiotic evolutionary mechanisms of a digital innovation ecosystem: Numerical simulation and case study.

In the digital innovation ecosystem, the symbiosis mode formed between ecosystem members not only relates to their survival and development but also affects the ecosystem's symbiosis evolution mechanism. Based on symbiosis theory, this study first explores the evolutionary equilibrium strategy and its stability for three types of populations-core enterprises, digital platforms, and university research institutes-and then uses numerical simulation and a case study to explore the symbiotic evolution mechanism of the digital innovation ecosystem. The results show that: First, the digital innovation ecosystem is a complex adaptive system in which the three types of populations form different symbiotic relationships under different symbiotic modes and conduct symbiotic activities, such as value co-creation, to characterize the unique symbiotic evolutionary structure. Second, in this ecosystem, the symbiotic relationship formed by the combined values of different symbiotic coefficients between populations determines the outcome of symbiotic evolution. Third, the ideal direction of the evolution of the digital innovation ecosystem is a mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship. Thus, the symbiotic relationship between populations should be transformed into a mutually beneficial symbiotic relationships as much as possible. This study makes theoretical contributions by shedding light on the symbiotic evolution mechanism of the digital innovation ecosystem. It also offers countermeasures for the digital innovation cooperation of various stakeholders in China's digital innovation ecosystem.

Result of a Pilot External Quality Assessment Scheme for Clinical Diagnosis of Inherited Metabolic Disorders in China.

BACKGROUND: We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic capabilities of Chinese laboratories for inherited metabolic disorders (IMDs) using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) on urine samples. Meanwhile, based on the result of the pilot external quality assessment (EQA) scheme, we hope to establish a standardized and reliable procedure for future EQA practice. METHODS: We recruited laboratories that participated in the EQA of quantitative analysis of urinary organic acids with GC-MS before joining the surveys. In each survey, a set of five real urine samples was distributed to each participant. The participants should analyze the sample by GC-MS and report the "analytical result", "the most likely diagnosis", and "recommendation for further tests" to the NCCL before the deadline. RESULTS: A total of 21 laboratories participated in the scheme. The pass rates were 94.4% in 2020 and 89.5% in 2021. For all eight IMDs tested, the analytical proficiency rates ranged from 84.7% - 100%, and the interpretational performance rate ranged from 88.2% - 97.0%. The performance on hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA), 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency (MCCD), and ethylmalonic encephalopathy (EE) samples were not satisfactory. CONCLUSIONS: In general, the participants of this pilot EQA scheme are equipped with the basic capability for qualitative organic acid analysis and interpretation of the results. Limited by the small size of laboratories and samples involved, this activity could not fully reflect the state of clinical practice of Chinese laboratories. NCCL will improve the EQA scheme and implement more EQA activities in the future.

Cell death­related molecules and targets in the progression of urolithiasis (Review).

Urolithiasis is a high­incidence disease caused by calcium oxalate (mainly), uric acid, calcium phosphate, struvite, apatite, cystine and other stones. The development of kidney stones is closely related to renal tubule cell damage and crystal adhesion and aggregation. Cell death, comprising the core steps of cell damage, can be classified into various types (i.e., apoptosis, ferroptosis, necroptosis and pyroptosis). Different crystal types, concentrations, morphologies and sizes cause tubular cell damage via the regulation of different forms of cell death. Oxidative stress caused by high oxalate or crystal concentrations is considered to be a precursor to a variety of types of cell death. In addition, complex crosstalk exists among numerous signaling pathways and their key molecules in various types of cell death. Urolithiasis is considered a metabolic disorder, and tricarboxylic acid cycle­related molecules, such as citrate and succinate, are closely related to cell death and the inhibition of stone development. However, a literature review of the associations between kidney stone development, metabolism and various types of cell death is currently lacking, at least to the best of our knowledge. Thus, the present review summarizes the major advances in the understanding of regulated cell death and urolithiasis progression.

Unraveling ferroptosis in osteogenic lineages: implications for dysregulated bone remodeling during periodontitis progression.

Periodontitis is a highly prevalent disease characterized by inflammation and destruction of tooth-supporting tissues that leads to tooth loss in extreme situations. Elucidating the underlying mechanisms of periodontitis pathogenesis and progression will establish the groundwork for developing effective treatment strategies. Recently, evidence concerning the role of ferroptosis in periodontitis progression has emerged. Osteogenic lineage cells are key regulators of bone remodeling. Osteogenic cell death, as observed in experimental periodontitis models, disrupts the balance between bone resorption and bone formation. However, whether the osteogenic lineage undergoes ferroptosis during periodontitis and the corresponding effect on periodontitis progression remain elusive. Here, we investigated cell-specific ferroptosis within the alveolar bone in a murine periodontitis model. Through immunofluorescence double staining and immunohistochemistry, we identified ferroptotic osteocytes and osteoblasts in inflammatory alveolar bone. Next, in vivo administration of erastin or liproxstatin-1 was conducted to either induce or inhibit ferroptosis, respectively. Severe bone resorption and inflammation, accompanied by increased osteoclast formation and impaired osteogenic potential were detected following ferroptosis activation. Subsequently, we carried out in vitro experiments on osteocytes and further verified that ferroptosis enhanced the osteocytic expression of RANKL and IL-6. These findings suggest that ferroptosis occurring within the osteogenic lineage acts as a catalyst in the progression of periodontitis by stimulating osteoclastogenesis through the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and inhibiting osteoblastic function, providing insights into ferroptosis-induced alterations in microenvironment-based intercellular communication. Ferroptosis is a promising target for controlling inflammation and preventing bone resorption in periodontitis.

Characteristics and effects on daily lives of pelvic girdle pain during early postpartum in Beijing women, China.

Pelvic girdle pain (PGP) is a common problem during pregnancy and postpartum and negatively affects women's well-being. Yet it is not well known in China. This study assessed PGP's intensity, location, and quality and the status of daily activities on postpartum women with pain, and explored the relationship between pain and the prevalence of depressive symptoms. A cross-sectional study recruiting 1,038 eligible women at 6 weeks postpartum from the obstetric clinic of a hospital was conducted in Beijing, China. Data were collected using self-reported questionnaires, including Introductory information form, Body chart, Number Rating Scale, McGill Pain Questionnaire-2, Pelvic Girdle Questionnaire, and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. In this study, 32.2 percent women experienced pain. The mean (SD) pain intensity score was 3.07 ± 1.60. About 50.6 percent women experienced sacroiliac joint pain, and 25.5 percent women experienced pain in a combination of locations. About 73.1 percent women experienced aching pain, and 57.5 percent experienced more than one kind of pain quality. The mean total score, which assesses activity and symptom limitations, was 21.93 ± 17.35 (percent), of which a normal sex life (1.29 ± 0.94) was made more challenging due to pain. In mental health, the prevalence of depressive symptoms coincided with the prevalence of pain (p = 0.008). Postpartum PGP still needs to be taken seriously, and women with pain require further support. The above knowledge offers information to manage pain, daily lives and depressive symptoms, contributes to think about strategies to better promote postpartum women physical and mental health in the future.

SNHG1 knockdown promotes osteogenic differentiation of hDFSCs through anti-oxidative stress mediated by autophagy.

The long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) small nucleolar RNA host gene 1 (SNHG1) plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis and is frequently employed as a prognostic biomarker. However, its involvement in the osteogenic differentiation of oral stem cells, particularly human dental follicle stem cells (hDFSCs), remains unclear. Our investigation revealed that the absence of SNHG1 enhances the osteogenic differentiation of hDFSCs. Furthermore, the downregulation of SNHG1 induces autophagy in hDFSCs, leading to a reduction in intracellular oxidative stress levels. Notably, this effect is orchestrated through the epigenetic regulation of EZH2. Our study unveils a novel function of SNHG1 in governing the osteogenic differentiation of hDFSCs, offering fresh insights for an in-depth exploration of the molecular mechanisms underlying dental follicle development. These findings not only provide a foundation for advancing the understanding of SNHG1 but also present innovative perspectives for promoting the repair and regeneration of periodontal supporting tissue, ultimately contributing to the restoration of periodontal health and tooth function.

LAGSwin: Local attention guided Swin-transformer for thermal infrared sports object detection.

Compared with visible light images, thermal infrared images have poor resolution, low contrast, signal-to-noise ratio, blurred visual effects, and less information. Thermal infrared sports target detection methods relying on traditional convolutional networks capture the rich semantics in high-level features but blur the spatial details. The differences in physical information content and spatial distribution of high and low features are ignored, resulting in a mismatch between the region of interest and the target. To address these issues, we propose a local attention-guided Swin-transformer thermal infrared sports object detection method (LAGSwin) to encode sports objects' spatial transformation and orientation information. On the one hand, Swin-transformer guided by local attention is adopted to enrich the semantic knowledge of low-level features by embedding local focus from high-level features and generating high-quality anchors while increasing the embedding of contextual information. On the other hand, an active rotation filter is employed to encode orientation information, resulting in orientation-sensitive and invariant features to reduce the inconsistency between classification and localization regression. A bidirectional criss-cross fusion strategy is adopted in the feature fusion stage to enable better interaction and embedding features of different resolutions. At last, the evaluation and verification of multiple open-source sports target datasets prove that the proposed LAGSwin detection framework has good robustness and generalization ability.

Anticyanobacterial effect of p-coumaric acid on Limnothrix sp. determined by proteomic and metabolomic analysis.

Regulating photosynthetic machinery is a powerful but challenging strategy for selectively inhibiting bloom-forming cyanobacteria, in which photosynthesis mainly occurs in thylakoids. P-coumaric acid (p-CA) has several biological properties, including free radical scavenging and antibacterial effects, and studies have shown that it can damage bacterial cell membranes, reduce chlorophyll a in cyanobacteria, and effectively inhibit algal growth at concentrations exceeding 0.127 g/L. Allelochemicals typically inhibit cyanobacteria by inhibiting photosynthesis; however, research on inhibiting harmful algae using phenolic acids has focused mainly on their inhibitory and toxic effects and metabolite levels, and the molecular mechanism by which p-CA inhibits photosynthesis remains unclear. Thus, we examined the effect of p-CA on the photosynthesis of Limnothrix sp. in detail. We found that p-CA inhibits algal growth and damages photosynthesis-related proteins in Limnothrix sp., reduces carotenoid and allophycocyanin levels, and diminishes the actual quantum yield of Photosystem II (PSII). Moreover, p-CA significantly altered algal cell membrane protein systems, and PSII loss resulting from p-CA exposure promoted reactive oxygen species production. It significantly altered algae cell membrane protein systems. Finally, p-CA was found to be environmentally nontoxic; 80 % of 48-h-old Daphnia magna larvae survived when exposed to 0.15 g/L p-CA. These findings provide insight into the mechanism of cyanobacterial inhibition by p-CA, providing a more practical approach to controlling harmful algal blooms.