Factors influencing safe use of drugs among community residents: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Researchers have paid little attention to the safety of drug use among community residents (CRs). Irrational use of drugs can lead to health risks. We investigated the situation of knowledge-attitude-practices (KAP) of CRs in Shenzhen (China) for safe use of drugs, and analyzed the main factors influencing drug use. METHODS: A multi-stage, random sampling method was used. We used a validated questionnaire to conduct an online questionnaire survey on the demographic characteristics and KAP of safe use of drugs of CRs in 10 administrative districts of Shenzhen City. The KAP score of safe use of drugs of CRs was analyzed. Influencing factors were identified using a single-factor chi-squared test and binary logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: A total of 7269 valid questionnaires were collected. The average scores of knowledge, attitude, and behavior were (9.08 ± 1.49) (possible range: 0-10), (37.82 ± 3.96) (possible range: 8-40), and (35.82 ± 4.56) (possible range: 8-40), respectively, indicating that they had a better grasp of safe use of drugs. Logistic regression analysis showed that sex, age, education level, occupation, monthly household income per capita, marital status, health status, and different sources of information were the main factors affecting the knowledge and behavior of safe use of drugs of CRs. In addition to the marital status variable, other variables also have a significant impact on attitude towards safe use of drugs of CRs. CONCLUSIONS: Male sex, lower education level, lower income level, average/poor self-rated health status, and single source of drug-use information were the main factors affecting safe use of drugs based on KAP theory. The government and medical workers should carry out various forms of drug-education activities for people with different needs, encourage CRs to learn safe use of drugs, and promote safe use of drugs by CRs through diverse information sources.

Analysis of Intestinal Microbiota in Schizophrenic Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Objective: Our goal is to examine the correlation between gut microbiota and the cooccurrence of schizophrenia and type 2 diabetes. Methods: We conducted a study on the intestinal microbiota of 4 distinct groups: simple schizophrenia group (SC), schizophrenia with type 2 diabetes group (TS), type 2 diabetes group (T2DM), and normal population control group (HC), comprising a total of 35 subjects. Results: The bacteria phyla Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Verrucobacteria were consistently present across all 4 groups. Significantly higher intestinal microbiota richness was observed in the T2DM compared to the other group, and the intestinal microbiota richness in TS significantly lower than that of the SC. Conclusion: Our study suggests that the presence of type 2 diabetes in individuals with schizophrenia may affect the composition of their gut microbiota. We hypothesize that the concurrent existence of both diseases could potentially lead to alterations in the structure of gut microbiota, potentially influencing treatment effectiveness and outcomes.

Mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of Gang Huo Qing wen granules in the treatment of influenza based on network pharmacology, molecular docking and molecular dynamics.

Influenza (Flu) is a severe health, medical, and economic problem, but no medication that has excellent outcomes and lowers the occurrence of these problems is now available. GanghuoQingwenGranules (GHQWG) is a common Chinese herbal formula for the treatment of influenza (flu). However, its methods of action remain unknown. We used network pharmacology, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation techniques to investigate the pharmacological mechanism of GHQWG in flu. TCMSP and various types of literature were used to obtain active molecules and targets of GHQWG. Flu-related targets were found in the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database, the DisFeNET database, the Therapeutic Target Database (TTD), and the DrugBank database. To screen the key targets, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed. DAVID was used to analyze GO and KEGG pathway enrichment. Target tissue and organ distribution was assessed. Molecular docking was used to evaluate interactions between possible targets and active molecules. For the ideal core protein-compound complexes obtained using molecular docking, a molecular dynamics simulation was performed. In total, 90 active molecules and 312 GHQWG targets were discovered. The PPI network's topology highlighted six key targets. GHQWG's effects are mediated via genes involved in inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress, as well as the TNF and IL-17 signaling pathways, according to GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated that the active compounds and tested targets had strong binding capabilities. This analysis accurately predicts the effective components, possible targets, and pathways involved in GHQWG flu treatment. We proposed a novel study strategy for future studies on the molecular processes of GHQWG in flu treatment. Furthermore, the possible active components provide a dependable source for flu drug screening.

ACKR1+ Endothelial Cells Mediate Leukocyte Infiltration and Synergize with SFRP2/ASPN+ Fibroblasts to Promote Skin Fibrosis in Systemic Sclerosis.

BACKGROUND: Skin fibrosis is the most typical pathological manifestation of systemic sclerosis (SSc) and localized scleroderma (LS) with unclear etiology and few effective treatments. Though excessive collagen secretion by fibroblasts is the primary cause of skin fibrosis, many lines of evidence suggested that vascular damage was the initiating event and various cell types along with fibroblasts worked together to contribute to the pathogenesis of skin fibrosis. OBJECTIVES: We sought to explore the relationships between vascular endothelial cell lesions and immune cell infiltration, along with the cell-cell interactions among various cell types within the fibrotic skin ecosystem. METHODS: Single-cell RNA-seq (10x Genomics) was performed on skin biopsies of 3 healthy donors and 7 SSc patients in Chinese. The additional 3 localized scleroderma patients' data from NCBI database (GSE160536) were integrated by Harmony. CellChat package (v1.5.0) was applied to analyze cell communication network. Transwell assay and subcutaneous bleomycin (BLM) injection in mice were used to explore the role of ACKR1 on immune cell infiltration. Milo single-cell western blot was applied to show the activation of fibroblast subclusters. RESULTS: A total of 62,295 cells were obtained and subpopulations of stromal and immune cells were identified. Interaction network analysis revealed that multiple chemokines secreted by macrophages, pericytes, and pro-inflammatory fibroblasts could bind with Duffy antigen/receptor for chemokines (ACKR1), which is highly expressed on ACKR1+ endothelial cells of lesion skin. Transwell assay revealed that over-expressed ACKR1 in HUVEC facilitated leukocyte infiltration under the treatment of IL8. The BLM mice showed enhanced ACKR1 expression, massive immune cell infiltration, and fibrosis in skin, which could be attenuated by ACKR1 inhibition. Furthermore, infiltrated macrophages with TGFB1 or PDGFB high production could activate SFRP2/ASPN+ fibroblasts to contribute to excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM), and the SOX4-ASPN axis plays an important role in the TGF-ß signaling cascade and the etiology of skin fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS: Our results reveal that highly expressed ACKR1 in endothelial cells of fibrotic skin tissue promotes immune cell infiltration, and SFRP2/ASPN+ fibroblasts synergize to exacerbate skin fibrosis.

Autologous Cultured Tissue Engineering Epidermal Sheet Transplantation to Treat Vitiligo of the Hands.

BACKGROUND: Despite numerous therapeutic modalities for vitiligo, their efficacy varies. Managing vitiligo affecting the hands poses a particularly intricate challenge, with outcomes trailing those in other anatomical regions. OBJECTIVE: Assess the determinants influencing the efficacy and safety of autocultured tissue engineering epidermal sheets transplantation in treating hand vitiligo, observed over a 6-month follow-up period. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 33 patients who underwent treatment for hand vitiligo using autocultured tissue engineering epidermal sheets transplantation. Repigmentation extent was evaluated by 2 dermatologists. RESULTS: The cohort comprised 33 patients, including 24 males and 9 females, with an average age of 26.91 ± 9.24 years (range: 10-49 years). The mean duration of the disease was 11.61 ± 7.83 years (range: 1.5-34 years). Vitiligo lesion stability ranged from 6 months to 4 years, with an average duration of stability calculated at 1.715 ± 1 year. After 6 months, 75.8% (25/33) of patients exhibited a favorable response, with 39.4% (13/33) showing complete or near-complete repigmentation. No adverse events, such as infections or scar formation, were recorded. CONCLUSION: The authors' investigation suggests that autocultured tissue engineering epidermal sheets transplantation is a highly effective and safe therapeutic approach for hand vitiligo, offering a promising treatment avenue.

Fu'cupping Physical Permeation-Enhancing Technique Enhances the Therapeutic Efficacy of Corydalis yanhusuo Gel Plaster.

Corydalis yanhusuo, a traditional Chinese medicine, is widely used to treat various pains, and its active ingredients are alkaloids. This study aimed to develop a new type of transdermal gel plaster containing the extract of C. yanhusuo. Studies have shown that Fu'cupping physical permeation-enhancing technique can promote the penetration of alkaloids and improve the efficacy of drugs. A transdermal gel plaster containing the extract of C. yanhusuo was prepared and optimized using an orthogonal experimental design. The skin permeation ability of the gel plaster was studied in vitro, while the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of the prepared patch alone or with Fu'cupping physical permeation-enhancing technique were evaluated in a rat model. The formulation of a gel plaster containing C. yanhusuo extract was successfully prepared with an optimized composition consisting of glycerin (15 g), sodium polyacrylate (2 g), silicon dioxide (0.3 g), ethanol (2 g), aluminum oxide (0.1 g), citric acid (0.05 g), the C. yanhusuo extract (3 g), and water (15 g). The cumulative transdermal permeation of dehydrocorydaline, corypalmine, tetrahydropalmatine, and corydaline in 24 h was estimated to be 569.7 ± 63.2, 74.5 ± 13.7, 82.4 ± 17.2, and 38.9 ± 8.1 µg/cm2, respectively. The in vitro diffusion of dehydrocorydaline and corydaline followed the zero-order kinetics profile, while that of corypalmine and tetrahydropalmatine followed a Higuchi equation. The prepared gel plaster significantly reduced paw swelling, downregulated inflammatory cytokines, and mitigated pain induced by mechanical or chemical stimuli. The Fu'cupping physical permeation-enhancing technique further improved the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of the patch. The combined application of the Fu'cupping physical permeation-enhancing technique and the alkaloid gel plaster may be effective against inflammation and pain.

A comprehensive literature review and an international expert consensus on the management of scalp seborrheic dermatitis in adults.

Seborrheic Dermatitis of the scalp (SSD) is a chronic and relapsing inflammatory skin condition. Current SSD treatments mainly consist of topical applications of anti-fungals and anti-inflammatory agents. to review information about SSD and to provide dermatologists with practical recommendations for managing adult SSD. Material and methods: Between September and December 2023, an international group of experts in dermatology and hair and scalp disorders met to discuss published data about SD, SSD, dandruff, and management options. A total of 131 manuscripts available from PubMed were analysed, discussed and used for the present consensus. Each author was asked to complete a table listing currently used treatments to treat SSD according to the literature and to their own experience. The authors confirmed their use and regimen and commented on local treatment exceptions. They then agreed on prescription practices and proposed a general treatment approach. Currently, approved therapies to manage moderate and severe forms of SSD do not exist and there is a need for adapted and approved medications that treat efficiently and safely the disease. We propose a treatment algorithm that allows for the treatment of all severity grades of SSD. This algorithm may be completed with local treatment specifications. Despite the lack of approved therapies to manage moderate forms of SSD, a treatment algorithm is proposed and may help prescribers to manage SSD more efficiently.

Metal-Organic Framework-Based Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Sensing Platform for Trace Malondialdehyde Detection in Tears.

Disease biomarkers in tears are crucial for clinical diagnosis and health monitoring. However, the limited volume of tear samples, low concentration of tear biomarkers, and complex tear composition present challenges for precise testing. We introduce a spot-on testing platform of metal-organic framework (MOF)-based surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) capillary column, which is capable of target molecules selective separation and enrichment for tear biomarkers in situ detection. It consists of Au nanostars for effective SERS signal and a porous MOF shell for separating impurities through molecular sieving effect. This platform allows for simultaneous collection and detection of tear, capturing the disease biomarker malondialdehyde in tears with a 9.38 × 10-9 mol/L limit of detection. Moreover, we designed a hand-held device based on this tubular SERS sensor, successfully diagnosing patients with dry eye disease. This functional capillary column enables noninvasive and rapid diagnosis of biomarkers in biofluids, providing potential for disease diagnosis and healthcare monitoring.

Predictive value of circulating immune cell changes in response to PD-1 blockade and TKI therapy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

PURPOSE: This study investigated the dynamic changes in circulating immune cells following immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), and interventional therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: HCC patients undergoing transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), TKI, and ICI treatment were included in the treatment group. Peripheral blood samples were collected from these patients before each cycle of PD-1 blockade treatment. Flow cytometry analysis was conducted to assess the composition of peripheral immune cells and identify PD-1-expressing T cells. RESULTS: The treatment group showed a median time-to-tumor progression (TTP) of 8 months and an overall survival (OS) of 19 months. In comparison, the control group had 6 months and 15 months respectively. These differences were statistically significant (P = 0.029 for TTP and P = 0.020 for OS). In HCC patients receiving Lenvatinib, more circulating natural killer (NK) cells were noted. After 1-2 cycles of PD-1 antibody treatment, a general decline in the proportion of circulating PD-1+T cells was found, indicating individual variations in response. CONCLUSION: Circulating immune cells have the potential to serve as indicators of the response to immunotherapy, providing a means to monitor dynamic changes and optimize treatment for HCC.

Salvianolic Acid B Reduces Oxidative Stress to Promote Hair-Growth in Mice, Human Hair Follicles and Dermal Papilla Cells.

Background: Existing research links oxidative stress and inflammation to hair loss. Salvianolic acid B (SAB) is known for its anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and other beneficial pharmacological properties. Objective: To assess the efficacy of SAB in modulating hair growth. Methods: In vivo experiments were conducted using C57BL/6 mice to evaluate the effects of SAB on hair and skin parameters. The study involved ex vivo analysis of human hair follicles (HFs) for hair shaft length and hair growth cycle assessment. In vitro, human dermal papilla cells (hDPCs) were cultured with SAB, and their proliferation, protection against H2O2-induced oxidative damage, and gene/protein expression alterations were examined using various analytical techniques, including Real-Time Cell Analysis (RTCA), DCFH-DA Assay, RNA-seq, and KEGG pathway analysis. Results: SAB treatment in mice significantly improved hair growth and vascularization by day 21. In human HFs, SAB extended hair shaft length and delayed the transition to the catagen phase. SAB-treated hDPCs showed a notable decrease in the expression of oxidation-antioxidation-related genes and proteins, including reduced phosphorylation levels of ERK and p38. Conclusion: The study indicates that SAB promotes hDPC proliferation and offers protection against oxidative stress, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic agent for enhancing hair growth and treating hair loss.

Radiation and male reproductive system: Damage and protection.

Male fertility has been declining in recent decades, and a growing body of research points to environmental and lifestyle factors as the cause. The widespread use of radiation technology may result in more people affected by male infertility, as it is well established that radiation can cause reproductive impairment in men. This article provides a review of radiation-induced damage to male reproduction, and the effects of damage mechanisms and pharmacotherapy. It is hoped that this review will contribute to the understanding of the effects of radiation on male reproduction, and provide information for research into drugs that can protect the reproductive health of males.

Engineered extracellular vesicles efficiently deliver CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoprotein (RNP) to inhibit herpes simplex virus1 infection in vitro and in vivo.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have recently emerged as a promising delivery platform for CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoproteins (RNPs), owing to their ability to minimize off-target effects and immune responses. However, enhancements are required to boost the efficiency and safety of Cas9 RNP enrichment within EVs. In response, we employed the Fc/Spa interaction system, in which the human Fc domain was fused to the intracellular domain of PTGFRN-Δ687 and anchored to the EV membrane. Simultaneously, the B domain of the Spa protein was fused to the C domain of cargos such as Cre or spCas9. Due to the robust interaction between Fc and Spa, this method enriched nearly twice the amount of cargo within the EVs. EVs loaded with spCas9 RNP targeting the HSV1 genome exhibited significant inhibition of viral replication in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, following neuron-targeting peptide RVG modification, the in vivo dosage in neural tissues substantially increased, contributing to the clearance of the HSV1 virus in neural tissues and exhibiting a lower off-target efficiency. These findings establish a robust platform for efficient EV-based SpCas9 delivery, offering potential therapeutic advantages for HSV1 infections and other neurological disorders.

Analysis and validation of hub genes in neutrophil extracellular traps for the long-term prognosis of myocardial infarction.

INTRODUCTION: The study focuses on the long-term prognosis of myocardial infarction (MI) influenced by neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). It also aims to analyze and validate relative hub genes in this process, in order to further explore new therapeutic targets that can improve the prognosis of MI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We established a MI model in mice by ligating the left anterior descending branch (LAD) and conducted an 8-week continuous observation to study the dynamic changes in the structure and function of the heart in these mice. Meanwhile, we administered Apocynin, an inhibitor of NADPH Oxidase, which has also been shown to inhibit the formation of NETs, to mice undergoing MI surgery in order to compare. This study employed hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, echocardiography, immunofluorescence, and real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) to examine the impact of NETs on the long-term prognosis of MI. Next, datasets related to MI and NETs were downloaded from the GEO database, respectively. The Limma package of R software was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). After analyzing the "Robust Rank Aggregation (RRA)" package, we conducted a screening for robust differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and performed pathway enrichment analysis using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) to determine the functional roles of these robust DEGs. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was visualized and hub genes were filtered using Cytoscape. RESULTS: Immunofluorescence and qPCR results showed an increase in the expression of Myeloperoxidase (MPO) at week 1 and week 8 in the hearts of mice after MI. HE staining reveals a series of pathological manifestations in the heart of the MI group during 8 weeks, including enlarged size, disordered arrangement of cardiomyocytes, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and excessive deposition of collagen fibers, among others. The utilization of Apocynin could significantly improve these poor performances. The echocardiography displayed the cardiac function of the heart in mice. The MI group has a reduced range of heart movement and decreased ejection ability. Moreover, the ventricular systolic movement was found to be abnormal, and its wall thickening rate decreased over time, indicating a progressive worsening of myocardial ischemia. The Apocynin group, on the contrary, showed fewer abnormal changes in the aforementioned aspects. A total of 81 DEGs and 4 hub genes (FOS, EGR1, PTGS2, and HIST1H4H) were obtained. The results of RT-qPCR demonstrated abnormal expression of these four genes in the MI group, which could be reversed by treatment of Apocynin. CONCLUSION: The NETs formation could be highly related to MI and the long-term prognosis of MI can be significantly influenced by the NETs formation. Four hub genes, namely FOS, EGR1, PTGS2, and HIST1H4H, have the potential to be key genes related to this process. They could also serve as biomarkers for predicting MI prognosis and as targets for gene therapy.

Chin Augmentation and Treatment of Chin Retrusion with a Flexible Hyaluronic Acid Filler in Asian Subjects: A Randomized, Controlled, Evaluator-Blinded Study.

BACKGROUND: Aesthetic improvement of the chin is increasingly requested by patients, including those of Chinese origin. METHODS: A randomized, evaluator-blinded, no-treatment controlled study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of a flexible hyaluronic acid (HA) filler, Restylane® DefyneTM (HADEF), in the correction of chin retrusion in a Chinese adult population over 12 months after treatment. On Day 1, subjects were randomized 3:1 into two groups, HADEF or delayed-treatment controls, and those in the HADEF group were administered treatment. An optional touch-up treatment was administered 1 month after treatment to obtain optimal chin augmentation. The initially untreated control group was offered delayed-treatment after 6 months (including 1-month touch-up). RESULTS: HADEF was superior to no-treatment in improving chin retrusion according to the blinded evaluator at 6 months [Galderma Chin Retrusion Scale (GCRS) responder rate (≥ 1-point improvement from baseline) of 81% vs. 5% for untreated controls; p < 0.001, meeting the primary effectiveness objective. A majority of subjects maintained improvement at 12 months (61% in the HADEF group). All subjects reported satisfaction with results at 6 months after treatment with HADEF and aesthetic improvement rates per the global aesthetic improvement scale (GAIS) were high for 12 months following treatment, with an acceptable safety profile. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrated HADEF to be effective and safe for the correction of mild-to-moderate chin retrusion in Chinese subjects, confirming findings previously observed in a western population. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE I: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

IGFBP-rP1 is a potential therapeutic target in androgenic alopecia.

The available interventions for androgenic alopecia (AGA), the most common type of hair loss worldwide, remain limited. The insulin growth factor (IGF) system may play an important role in the pathogenesis of AGA. However, the exact role of IGF binding protein-related protein 1 (IGFBP-rP1) in hair growth and AGA has not been reported. In this study, we first found periodic variation in IGFBP-rP1 during the hair cycle transition in murine hair follicles (HFs). We further demonstrated that IGFBP-rP1 levels were lower in the serum and scalp HFs of individuals with AGA than in those of healthy controls. Subsequently, we verified that IGFBP-rP1 had no cytotoxicity to human outer root sheath cells (HORSCs) and that IGFBP-rP1 reversed the inhibitory effects of DHT on the migration of HORSCs in vitro. Finally, a DHT-induced AGA mouse model was created. The results revealed that the expression of IGFBP-rP1 in murine HFs was downregulated after DHT treatment and that subcutaneous injection of IGFBP-rP1 delayed catagen occurrence and prolonged the anagen phase of HFs in mice with DHT-induced AGA. The present work shows that IGFBP-rP1 is involved in hair cycle transition and exhibits great therapeutic potential for AGA.

Comparison of water-soluble organic matter (WSOM)-containing and WSOM-free biochars for simultaneous sorption of lead and cadmium.

The effects of individual biochar constituents and natural environmental media on the immobilization behaviors and chemical activities of toxic heavy metals are still poorly understood. In this work, the physicochemical properties of raw corn straw (CS) and CS-derived biochar materials as well as their sorption abilities and retention mechanisms for lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) were evaluated by combining batch experiments and spectral approaches. According to the spectral analysis results and single variable principle, the setting of biochars after soaking in solution as the control group was suggested when evaluating their retention mechanisms for Pb and Cd. The rising of ionic strength did not apparently affect the immobilization of Pb by biochar prepared at 500 °C (i.e., CB500) and Pb/Cd by water-soluble organic matter (WSOM)-free CB500 (i.e., DCB500), while slightly inhibited the sorption of Cd by CB500. Pb and Cd exhibited a mutual inhibition effect on their sorption trends with a higher sorption preference of Pb. The dominant fixation mechanism of Pb by CB500 and DCB500 was identified to be mineral precipitation. In contrast, the main sorption mechanism of Cd changed from mineral precipitation in the single-metal system to surface complexation in the binary-metal system. The sorption ratios of Pb and Cd on CB500 were comparable to those on DCB500 with the coexistence of mixed natural organic matters (NOM) and ferrihydrite. The current experimental findings suggested that DCB500 was a suitable remediation agent for regulating the migration behaviors of toxic Pb and Cd in acidic and NOM-rich soil and water systems.

Expert consensus on perioperative integrated skincare for noninvasive energy-based device aesthetic procedures in clinical practice in China.

BACKGROUND: Noninvasive energy-based device (NI-EBD) aesthetic procedures has recently gained widespread usage for treating various skin conditions, enhancing skin texture and performing rejuvenation-related procedures. However, practically all NI-EBD procedures result in variable degrees of damage to the skin barrier, inducing pathological and physiological processes such as oxidative stress and inflammation, and only a small percentage of individuals possess the innate ability to restore it. OBJECTIVE: To introduce the concept of integrated skincare and establish standardized operational procedures for perioperative integrated skincare, and furnish a theoretical basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment performed by professional medical aestheticians. METHODS: The author leveraged domestic and international guidelines, clinical practice expertise and evidence-based research, adapting them to suit the specific circumstances in China. RESULTS: The consensus were provided four parts, including concept and essence of integrated skincare, integrated skincare significance during the perioperative phase of NI-EBD procedures, active ingredients and functions of effective skincare products, standardized perioperative skincare procedure for NI-EBD procedures and precautions. For the standardized perioperative skincare procedure, four recommendations were listed according to different stages during NI-EBD procedures. CONCLUSION: These recommendations create the 'Expert Consensus on Perioperative Integrated Skincare for Noninvasive Energy-Based Device Aesthetic Procedures in Clinical Practice in China'.