Knowledge Transmission and Skills Building Relating to Child Sexual Abuse in China.

Parents play a key role in child CSA prevention, but the mechanisms underlying the intergenerational knowledge transmission are not fully understood. This study explores the role of two parenting practices - parent-child communication and parent's protective behavior - as mediating factors in the relation between parents' knowledge and their children's knowledge and skills. Four hundred and ten dyads of early adolescents and their mother or father from rural China participated in the study. Parents were surveyed on their knowledge, protective behaviors, and parent-child communication regarding CSA, while children answered questions on relevant knowledge and skills. Results revealed that parental knowledge was positively and significantly related to communication and protective behavior, protective behavior was positively related to children's knowledge and skills, but the coefficient between communication and children's knowledge and skills was insignificant. The findings highlight direct parental protection as one of the most important mechanism for intergenerational knowledge transmission.

Effect of Perioperative Comprehensive Nursing Intervention on the Rehabilitation Effect of Radiofrequency Ablation for Patients with Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy.

Objective: The aim of the study was to determine standardized perioperative nursing for radiofrequency ablation of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy under the guidance of intracardiac ultrasound, which can improve the quality of nursing. Methods: From January 2020 to November 2021, 40 patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy who underwent radiofrequency ablation under the guidance of intracardiac ultrasound in our hospital were selected. Patients were grouped according to their use of standardized perioperative nursing. Patients from both cohorts were compared for negative emotions, depression, and anxiety at the baseline and at month 2. Results: In general, there were no differences between the two groups (P > 0.05). At admission, the Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) scores of these two groups showed no differences (P > 0.05). Following nursing, the scores of the two groups dropped significantly, with the control group scoring much lower than the experimental group. Among the experimental group, the satisfaction rate was 100.00%, whereas the control group had an 85.00% satisfaction rate (P < 0.05). Following nursing, the scores of the two groups dropped significantly, with the control group scoring much lower than the experimental group. Conclusions: To sum up, perioperative comprehensive nursing intervention during surgical treatment can quickly alleviate patients' clinical symptoms, reduce complications, damage to patients' body, reduce patients' pain, relieve patients' anxiety and depression, and improve overall sleep quality and clinical nursing satisfaction.

Interparental Violence and Early Adolescents' Adjustment Problems in China: Testing a Moderated Mediation Model of Parental Warmth and Emotional Insecurity.

This study analyzed the relationships between exposure to interparental violence and adolescents' adjustment problems. It also explored the mediating role of emotional insecurity and the moderating role of parental warmth in these relationships. Five hundred and seventy-eight early adolescents from three migrant primary schools and one public school in Beijing participated in this survey, reporting on their perceived interparental violence, emotional insecurity, post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), and internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems. The results revealed that emotional insecurity partially mediated the association between interparental violence and all three indicators of adjustment problems, with stronger mediating effects on PTSS and internalizing problems than on externalizing problems; parental warmth buffered the association between emotional insecurity and internalizing/externalizing problems. This study adds insights to present literature on how interparental violence contributes to different aspects of adolescents' adjustment problems in the Chinese context.

Controls on the spatial distribution of iodine in groundwater in the Hebei Plain, China.

In the Hebei Plain of North China, 70% of the inhabitants depend on groundwater for drinking water. Little is known regarding high-iodine concentrations in groundwater because there have been few systematic studies on high levels of iodine in groundwater in this region. To help identify the mechanisms that control the spatial distribution of iodine in groundwater, 61 samples of shallow groundwater and 161 samples of deep groundwater were collected along a sample section from Taihang Mountain to the Bo Sea. There were four pockets of high-iodine concentrations along the sample section. As the groundwater depth increased, the ratio of undetected iodine decreased, and the ratio of high-iodine concentrations increased. The high-iodine concentrations in the groundwater reflect the geological and sedimentary settings, and were mainly controlled by pH and Eh. Iodine concentrations were particularly high when the pH was between 7.3 and 8.5, and there was an inflection point at 150 µg/L in the curve of the relationship between iodine concentrations and Eh.

The impact of perceived discrimination on personality among Chinese migrant children: The moderating role of parental support.

BACKGROUND: Previous research has indicated that perceived discrimination has harmful effects on migrant children's physical, mental and behavioral health. However, little is known as to whether these harmful effects cumulate to impact on migrant children's personalities. AIMS: This study examines the effect of perceived discrimination on personality, as well as the moderating role of parental support in the discrimination-personality linkage. METHODS: A purposeful convenience sample of 215 migrant children in Beijing, China, completed a standardized questionnaire. RESULTS: Migrant children experienced a moderate level of perceived discrimination, with Form 8 students experiencing greater discrimination than lower grades and those with lower family incomes also experiencing greater discrimination than those with higher family incomes. Perceived discrimination significantly predicted neuroticism; parental support significantly predicted extraversion, openness, agreeableness and conscientiousness, but the moderating effect of parental support was only marginally significant for the relation between discrimination and conscientiousness. CONCLUSION: This study underlines the need for researchers and policy makers to pay more attention to the impact of perceived discrimination on migrant children's personality development.

Perceptual training continuously refines neuronal population codes in primary visual cortex.

Perceptual learning substantially improves visual discrimination and detection ability, which has been associated with visual cortical plasticity. However, little is known about the dynamic changes in neuronal response properties over the course of training. Using chronically implanted multielectrode arrays, we were able to capture day-by-day spatiotemporal dynamics of neurons in the primary visual cortex (V1) of monkeys trained to detect camouflaged visual contours. We found progressive strengthening and accelerating in both facilitation of neurons encoding the contour elements and suppression of neurons responding to the background components. The enhancement of this figure-ground contrast in V1 was closely correlated with improved behavioral performance on a daily basis. Decoding accuracy of a simple linear classifier based on V1 population responses also paralleled the animal's behavioral changes. Our results indicate that perceptual learning shapes the V1 population code to allow a more efficient readout of task-relevant information.

[Control rate of increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in cardiology outpatients with coronary heart disease in Beijing].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in outpatients with coronary heart disease (CHD) visiting cardiology outpatient clinics of 8 hospitals in Beijing. METHODS: A total of 903 outpatients with CHD were enrolled from 4 three-tier hospitals and 4 two-tier hospitals in Beijing. All patients were asked to finish the questionnaire including demographic data, CHD history, the knowledge on cholesterol, and the use of statins. Blood lipid was examined and the LDL-C control rate and related factors were then analyzed. RESULTS: Questionnaire was obtained from 876 patients [619 male: 70.7%, mean age: (64.9 ± 10.7) years old] and blood lipid data were available in 709 patients. The general LDL-C control rate was 36.9% (262/709) and was 13.5% (27/173) in very high risk CHD patients, and lower in patients treated in two-tier hospitals than patients treated in three-tier hospitals[31.3% (121/386) vs. 43.7% (141/323), P < 0.01], in female patients than in male patients [27.1% (60/261) vs. 41.3% (201/496), P < 0.01] and in diabetic patients than in non-diabetic patients [13.5% (27/200) vs. 44.7% (197/441), P < 0.01]. The LDL-C control rate was lower in patients less than 60 years old and patients over 80 years old than that in 60-70 years old patients and 70 - 80 years old patients (P < 0.05). LDL-C control rate was not affected by the history of hypertension, percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass grafting, smoking, lipid examination frequency, knowledge on goal level of LDL-C, diet control and regularly physical exercising (all P > 0.05). There were 18.2% (129/709) patients not taking statins or not aware if they were taking statin or not. The main reason for not taking statin [47.9% (23/48)] was statin was no prescribed by doctors, followed by withdrawal by patients due to various reasons [27.1% (13/48)]. CONCLUSIONS: LDL-C control rate was low in patients with CHD visiting cardiology outpatient clinics in Beijing. The CHD patients and cardiologists should be encouraged to achieve better LDL-C control by following lipid lowering guidelines and it is also important to improve the drug compliance among CHD patients.

[Distribution and sources of arsenic in Yangzonghai Lake, China].

By collecting water and sediment samples from Yangzonghai Lake and analyzing the total amount and speciation of arsenic, the spatial distribution of arsenic in surface water and sediments was analyzed, the current status of arsenic pollution were estimated, the anthropogenic contribution rate and the arsenic reserve in the lake were calculated respectively. Meanwhile, the sources of arsenic were investigated. The results indicated that the total arsenic content in Yangzonghai Lake was 71.96-101.2 microg x L(-1) in April, 2010, and increased slightly with depth. Dissolved arsenic content was 68.14-96.72 microg x L(-1), with As (III) accounting for 32%. The health risk level of arsenic in the water was 4.77 x 10(-4) - 6.66 x 10(-4) a(-1), posing a considerable threat to the surrounding environment. Arsenic content in sediments lied between 6.05-396.49 mg x kg(-1). In sediments at the depths of 0-2, 2-4, 4-6, 6-8 and 8-10 cm, the average arsenic contents were 155.66, 52.01, 29.78, 19.22 and 17.52 mg x kg(-1) respectively. Arsenic in sediments at 0-2 cm had the highest accumulation degree, with the maximum geoaccumulation index up to 5. At the deeper depths, the accumulation degree of arsenic significantly lowered. The sequence of arsenic average contents of seven forms in sediments in the descending order is residual fraction, humic acids fraction, oxide fraction, strong organic fraction, ion exchange fraction, water soluble fraction and carbonate fraction. With increase of sediments depths, the percentage of bioavailable arsenic decreased, and the percentage of residual fraction arsenic increased rapidly. The anthropogenic contribution rate of arsenic in sediments was the highest at 0-2 cm depth, with average of 81.94%. This rate was much lower at the deeper depths. Currently, the total arsenic reserve in water and sediments of Yangzonghai Lake was 70.65 t, of which 82.68% was contributed by human activities. The phosphate fertilizer plant on the south bank made the greatest contribution to arsenic accumulation in Yangzonghai Lake, followed by golf course on the east bank, thermal power station and hot spring on the north bank.

[Preliminary observation on survival and reproduction of imported Oncomelania snails in water network regions: a simulated experiment].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the survival and reproduction of exotic imported Oncomelania snails in water network regions. METHODS: During a period between May 22, 2008 and August 7, 2009, a study pilot was established in a historical snail habitat in Qingpu District of Shanghai City. A total of 12 soil samples were collected from Qingpu, Jinshan and Songjiang districts and placed in the study area. Active marked adults snails without infections (with a female/male ratio of 1) were placed on soil surface, and the activity, survival and reproduction of snails on soil surface were observed. The temperature during the period of the study was recorded. RESULTS: During the experiment period, the highest temperature was 39 degrees C, the lowest was -3 degrees C, and the average was 20 degrees C. The activity of snails reduced significantly on the soil surface at high temperature in summer and low temperature in winter. There were 91 old snails (5.2%) that moved on soil surface in March and 73 (12.2% ) in June, 2009. A total of 26 and 59 offspring snails were found respectively in April and June, 2009, with average density of 2.17 snails/m2 (26/12) and 4.92 snails/m2 (59/12) respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The exotic imported snails can survive and reproduce in water network regions. Further monitoring should be strengthened on the imported snails in these regions.

Comparison of changes in early inflammatory markers between sirolimus- and paclitaxel-eluting stent implantation.

BACKGROUND: Systemic inflammation after coronary intervention identifies patients at increased risk of subsequent cardiac events. Cardiac events, especially in-stent restenosis, are less frequent after use of sirolimus-eluting stent (SES) compared with paclitaxel-eluting stent (PES). However, the underlying mechanism for this disparity is not well investigated. We hypothesize that an attenuated inflammatory response after SES implantation may be a contributor. PURPOSE: In the present study, we sought to determine the early inflammatory response after SES implantation in patients with single-vessel disease compared with PES implantation, and evaluate the relationship between inflammatory response and late clinical outcomes in a randomized design. METHODS: Thirty-two patients with stable angina were randomly enrolled into the two groups, SES or PSE group (n = 16 respectively). Peripheral blood samples were taken before PCI, 24 and 72 h after stenting. The plasma concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The clinical and angiographic follow-up was performed at 8 months after stenting. RESULTS: The data showed that there was no significant difference in clinical and angiographic baseline characteristics between the two groups. The plasma CRP and IL-6 levels at 24 h after stenting were significant higher in both groups compared with baseline (p < 0.01 respectively). Likewise, the CRP levels at 72 h after stenting were also significant higher compared with baseline in both groups (p < 0.01 respectively). However, the plasma levels of IL-6 at 24 h and CRP at 72 h after stenting were higher in PES group compared with SES group (p < 0.05). At 8 months follow-up, the rates of major adverse cardiac events, target lesion revascularization, in-stent and in-segment restenosis were similar in both groups. However, the late loss in both in-stent and in-segment was significantly higher in the PES group than in SES group (p < 0.001 respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that a drug-eluting stent implantation could trigger a systemic inflammatory response as previously demonstrated. However, SES implantation results in a lower inflammatory response compared with PES implantation, which seems to be associated with greater late of in-stent and in-segment loss at 8-month follow-up with PES.

[Relation of risk factors to coronary artery stenosis severity in coronary atherosclerotic heart disease].

OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship of the risk factors to the coronary artery stenosis severity in coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (CAD). METHODS: 286 CAD patients, 206 males and 80 females, aged 61.6, underwent coronary angiography and then were divided into 3 groups according to its results: Group A with single vessel lesion, Group B with double vessel lesions, and Group C with triple/left main vessel lesions. Peripheral blood samples were collected to measure the levels of uric acid, C reactive protein, cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride. Spearman correlation analysis and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the relationship between the risk factors including age, bodyweight, and blood lipids and uric acid. RESULTS: There was significant difference among the three groups at age and LDL-C (both P < 0.05). Age and LDL-C of Group C [(62 +/- 10), (3.0 +/- 0.7) mmol/L] were significantly higher than those of Group A [(59 +/- 11), (2.8 +/- 0.6) mmol/L, both P < 0.05]. Age (r = 0.163) and LDL-C (r = 0.149) were significantly associated with coronary artery stenosis severity (both P < 0. 05). CONCLUSION: The severity of coronary artery stenosis is affected by age and LDL-C. Triple/left main vessel lesions are likely to be seen in the patients with older age and higher blood level of LDL-C.