RESUMEN
BACKGROUND The aims of this study included 3 aspects: 1) assessing the expression of Apolipoprotein C1 (APOC1) in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and normal groups; 2) evaluating the prognostic significance of APOC1 expression in the overall survival (OS) of ccRCC patients; and 3) exploring APOC1-related signaling pathways. MATERIAL AND METHODS The APOC1 expression value and clinical data of ccRCC patients were obtained from the cBioPortal database. We then evaluated the association of APOC1 expression with clinical characteristics of ccRCC patients. We also assessed the correlation between APOC1 expression and clinical outcome using Kaplan-Meier method. Our work then verified the independent prognostic factors of ccRCC by Cox regression analysis. Finally, the potential role of genes co-expressed with APOC1 was revealed via functional enrichment analysis. RESULTS Bioinformatic data revealed that APOC1 was expressed at higher levels in ccRCC tissue than in the normal group (all P<0.05). The high expression of APOC1 was associated with unfavorable prognosis of female patients (P<0.01), but not of male patients. APOC1 high expression also shortened the survival time of ccRCC patients age ≥60 years old (P<0.05). Cox regression analysis further indicated that APOC1 expression was an independent prognostic factor for OS of ccRCC patients. Additionally, we found that APOC1 expression was significantly associated with sex, grade, clinical stage, and T stage. Finally, enrichment analysis suggested that APOC1-associated pathways were involved in tumor growth and metastasis. CONCLUSIONS The current study indicated that APOC1 was highly expressed in ccRCC and was significantly associated with key clinical features. APOC1 appears to be an independent prognostic factor in patients with ccRCC. Importantly, APOC1 might be a potential therapeutic target for ccRCC via regulating pathways involved in cell growth and metastasis.
Asunto(s)
Apolipoproteína C-I/genética , Carcinoma de Células Renales/genética , Apolipoproteína C-I/metabolismo , Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Carcinoma de Células Renales/metabolismo , Biología Computacional/métodos , Bases de Datos Genéticas , Femenino , Expresión Génica/genética , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica/métodos , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica/genética , Ontología de Genes , Redes Reguladoras de Genes , Humanos , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Neoplasias Renales/patología , Masculino , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Pronóstico , Transducción de Señal/genética , Transcriptoma/genéticaRESUMEN
Elucidation of maternal-fetal tolerance mechanisms clarifies the role of regulatory T cells (Treg) in transplant tolerance. This study aim to investigate the effect of pregnancy on paternal skin allograft survival. Flow cytometry techniques, mixed lymphocytes reaction (MLR), PCR, real-time PCR and skin transplantation were key methods. Treg increased significantly from 4.2% before pregnancy to peak at 6.8% day 8 after pregnancy. Both heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) mRNA express high in placenta while low in spleen (P<0.05). Although Treg increased during pregnancy, and splenocytes from the pregnant mice showed lower MLR response toward the paternal stimulator, single time pregnancy showed no significant protective effect on paternal skin allograft survival in the tested condition.
Asunto(s)
Supervivencia de Injerto/inmunología , Subgrupos Linfocitarios/inmunología , Embarazo/inmunología , Trasplante de Piel/inmunología , Piel/inmunología , Trasplante Homólogo/inmunología , Animales , Femenino , Citometría de Flujo/métodos , Hemo-Oxigenasa 1/genética , Hemo-Oxigenasa 1/metabolismo , Humanos , Tolerancia Inmunológica/inmunología , Indolamina-Pirrol 2,3,-Dioxigenasa/genética , Indolamina-Pirrol 2,3,-Dioxigenasa/metabolismo , Masculino , Proteínas de la Membrana/genética , Proteínas de la Membrana/metabolismo , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Placenta/enzimología , Bazo/citología , Linfocitos T Reguladores/inmunologíaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To determine whether the main mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups of the Han people have an impact on long-term clinical outcome. METHODS: We prospectively studied 181 individuals who were sequentially admitted to the intensive care unit. Demographic and clinical data were recorded along with clinical outcome over 180 days. Follow-up was completed for all study participants. We then determined the mtDNA haplogroups of the patients and 570 healthy, age-matched Han people from Zhejiang province, Southeast China, by analyzing sequences of hypervariable mtDNA segments and testing diagnostic polymorphisms in the mtDNA coding region with DNA probes. RESULT: The frequency of the main subhaplogroups of the Han population in the study cohort did not differ significantly from the control group. mtDNA haplogroup R, one of the three main mtDNA haplogroups of the Han people, was a strong independent predictor for the outcome of severe sepsis, conferring a 4.68-fold (95% CI 1.903-10.844, P = 0.001) increased chance of survival at 180 days compared with those without the haplogroup R. CONCLUSION: In the Han population, mtDNA haplogroup R was a strong independent predictor for the outcome of severe sepsis, conferring an increased chance of long-term survival compared with individuals without the R haplogroup.
