m6A-Mediated IRS1 Regulates the Development of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma through p53/Line-1 Signaling.

BACKGROUND: The importance of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification in tumorigenesis and progression have been highlighted. This study aimed to investigate the modification of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) by m6A and its role in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). METHODS: Bioinformatics was employed to predict differential genes related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in OSCC. Seventeen pairs of OSCC and paracancerous tissue samples were collected. The impact of IRS1 on OSCC cell growth and EMT was evaluated. The fluctuations in IRS1 enrichment and the involvement of p53/Line-1 were investigated. RESULTS: IRS1 was highly expressed in OSCC. IRS1 silencing decreased OSCC cell proliferation and increased apoptosis. IRS1 silencing hindered EMT by regulating related markers. IRS1 silencing upregulated p53 and downregulated Line-1 ORF1p. The p53 inhibition reversed the effects of IRS1 silencing and induced EMT in OSCC cells. Furthermore, the m6A modification of IRS1 was increased in OSCC cells. IRS1 were positively regulated by the m6A regulators methyltransferase-like 14 (METTL14) and YTH domain-containing protein 1 (YTHDC1). IRS1 bound to YTHDC1, and YTHDC1 knockdown inhibited the IRS1 nuclear export. The obesity-associated protein (FTO) negatively regulated IRS1, and FTO overexpression reversed the IRS1-induced OSCC tumor growth. CONCLUSIONS: m6A methylation-mediated IRS1 regulated EMT in OSCC through p53/Line-1. These findings provide potential therapeutic strategies for managing OSCC.

Research progress, trends, and updates on pollutants removal by Bi2WO6-based photocatalysts under visible light irradiation.

In recent years, extensive research has been conducted on bismuth tungstate (Bi2WO6) in the field of photocatalysis owing to its unique crystal structure and favorable bandgap. This study offers a comprehensive review of the research on Bi2WO6-based photocatalysts from 2007 to 2022 using bibliometric analysis. The analysis utilized the Web of Science Core Collection Database and encompassed a dataset of 2064 publications. The bibliometric analysis and science mapping were carried out using the bibliometix R-package and CiteSpace software. This analysis examined and discussed the network of relationships among countries, journals, organizations, authors, and keywords pertaining to the topic and subtopics under investigation. The findings demonstrate that China has played a significant role in this research area and has formed close collaborations with other countries. The identification of highly-cited emerging terms suggests that enhancing the photocatalytic performance of Bi2WO6-based nanomaterials is a primary research focus. Moreover, there has been increasing interest in exploring the synergistic effects of photocatalysis and adsorption as a means to improve catalytic efficiency. This study provides valuable insights for researchers seeking a deeper understanding of Bi2WO6-based photocatalysts.

Jiawei Danxuan Koukang Alleviates Arecoline Induced Oral Mucosal Lesions: Network Pharmacology and the Combined Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) and Mass Spectrometry (MS).

Purpose: Arecoline is one of the main toxic components of arecoline to cause oral mucosal lesions or canceration, which seriously affects the survival and life quality of patients. This study analyzed the mechanism of Jiawei Danxuan Koukang (JDK) in alleviating arecoline induced oral mucosal lesions, to provide new insights for the treatment of oral submucosal fibrosis (OSF) or cancerosis. Methods: Metabolomics was applied to analyze the composition of JDK and serum metabolites. The active ingredients of JDK were analyzed by the combined ultra-high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. The target network of JDK, metabolites and OSF was analyzed by network pharmacology, and molecular docking. Oral mucosal lesions and fibrosis were analyzed by HE and Masson staining. Cell differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis were detected. The expressions of α-SMA, Collagen I, Vimentin, Snail, E-cadherin, AR and NOTCH1 were detected by Western blot. Results: Arecoline induced the gradual atrophy and thinning of rat oral mucosal, collagen accumulation, the increase expressions of fibrosis-related proteins and Th17/Treg ratio. JDK inhibited arecoline-induced oral mucosal lesions and inflammatory infiltration. Arecoline induced changes of serum metabolites in Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism and Arginine biosynthesis pathways, which were reversed by M-JDK. Quercetin and AR were the active ingredients and key targets of JDK, metabolites and OSF interaction. Arecoline promoted the expression of AR protein, and the proliferation of oral fibroblasts. Quercetin inhibited the effect of arecoline on oral fibroblasts, but was reversed by AR overexpression. Arecoline induced NOTCH1 expression in CAL27 and SCC-25 cells, and promoted cell proliferation, but was reversed by M-JDK or quercetin. Conclusion: JDK improved the arecoline-induced OSF and serum metabolite functional pathway. Quercetin targeted AR protein to improve arecoline-induced OSF. JDK and quercetin inhibited arecoline-induced NOTCH1 protein expression in CAL27 and SCC-25 cells to play an anti-oral cancer role.

Proline-Serine-Threonine Phosphatase-Interacting Protein 2 Alleviates Diabetes Mellitus-Osteoarthritis in Rats through Attenuating Synovial Inflammation and Cartilage Injury.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the possible way of proline-serine-threonine phosphatase-interacting protein 2 (PSTPIP2) influencing diabetes mellitus-osteoarthritis (DM-OA) progression. METHODS: In vivo, eight-week-old male Sprague Dawley rats were induced with DM-OA by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin with high-fat diet feeding and intra-articular injection of monoiodoacetate. PSTPIP2 overexpression was achieved by intra-articular injection of lentivirus vectors. PSTPIP2 expression was verified by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. Histological changes were examined by hematoxylin/eosin and safranin-O/fast-green staining. In vitro, rat synovial fibroblasts were induced DM-OA by stimulation of high glucose (HG) and interleukin (IL)-1ß. PSTPIP2 overexpression was achieved by lentivirus infection. U0126 was added as an ERK inhibitor. Levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-6, and IL-1ß were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3, MMP-13, aggrecanase-2 (ADAMTS-5), intercellular cell adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK) and phospho-ERK (p-ERK) was detected by Western blotting. RESULTS: In DM-OA rats, PSTPIP2 relative messenger RNA (mRNA) level was significantly decreased compared to control rats. The protein expression was also decreased obviously. Inflammation score in synovium was dramatically increased, accompanying with increased TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1ß levels. Osteoarthritis research society international (OARSI) score in cartilage was markedly increased, along with increased MMP-3, MMP-13, ADAMTS-5, ICAM-1, ERK and p-ERK expression. In PSTPIP2-overexpressed DM-OA rats, PSTPIP2 mRNA level and protein expression was increased compared to DM-OA rats received negative-control lentivirus vectors. The inflammation score, as well as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1ß levels were dramatically decreased. Also, the OARSI score and protein expression of MMP-3, MMP-13, ADAMTS-5, ICAM-1, ERK and p-ERK were decreased. In HG+IL-1ß-treated rat synovial fibroblasts, PSTPIP2 protein expression was decreased compared to normal glucose (NG)-treated cells. Levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1ß, as well as expression of MMP-3, MMP-13, ADAMTS-5, ICAM-1, ERK and p-ERK were increased. After cells were infected with PSTPIP2-overexpressed lentivirus, levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1ß, and expression of MMP-3, MMP-13, ADAMTS-5, ICAM-1, ERK and p-ERK were obviously decreased compared to cells infected with NC lentivirus. In addition, ERK inhibitor U0126 treatment also decreased the TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1ßlevels and MMP-3, MMP-13, ADAMTS-5, ICAM-1, ERK and p-ERK expression in HG + IL-1ß treated rat synovial fibroblasts. CONCLUSION: Overexpression of PSTPIP2 alleviates synovial inflammation and cartilage injury during DM-OA progression via inhibiting ERK phosphorylation.

Role of hyaluronan mediated motility receptor gene in oral squamous cell carcinoma and clinical prognosis. / é€æ˜Žè´¨é ¸ä»‹å¯¼è¿åŠ¨å› å­å—ä½“åŸºå› åœ¨å£è ”é³žçŠ¶ç»†èƒžç™Œä¸­çš„ä½œç”¨åŠå ¶ä¸´åºŠé¢„åŽ.

OBJECTIVES: To screen genes related to the prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and to explore its role and mechanism in the occurrence and development of OSCC. METHODS: The data and the biological information in 330 OSCC tumor samples with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) (OSCC group) and 37 normal samples (normal sample group) were screened and included, which came from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) database. The differentially expressed genes were screened out by biological information analysis between the 2 groups. Furthermore, according to the tumor T grade (T1+T2 group: 114 cases, T3+T4 group: 216 cases), metastasis (positive group: 163 cases, negative group: 167 cases) and pathological grade (G1+G2 group: 244 cases, G3 +G4 group: 86 cases), the samples were divided into different groups respectively, and the differential genes were obtained separately, then the intersections of the differential expressed genes related to the prognosis of OSCC were screened. The different gene with the largest different multiples [hyaluronan mediated motility receptor (HMMR)] was selected for the next step in order to explore the relationship between HMMR and clinical grading (Stage I+II group: 69 cases, Stage III +IV group: 261 cases), as well as the relationship between T grade, metastasis and pathological grade. According to the median value of HMMR expression, the samples were divided into a high expression group and a low expression group (high expression group: 165 cases, low expression group: 165 cases); Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to explore the relationship between HMMR expression and prognosis. Tumor tissue specimens and corresponding normal oral mucosal tissue specimens in 50 OSCC patients, who underwent surgery in the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2014 to January 2016, were collected. Real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to verify the bioinformatics analysis results. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to examine the relationship between the positive and negative expression of HMMR immunohistochemical staining (positive group: 32 cases, negative group: 18 cases) and prognostic related factors, and Cox regression analysis model was used to explore the prognostic risk factors of OSCC. The cell proliferation experiment and the cell scratch experiment were used to evaluate the effect of down-regulation of HMMR on the proliferation and migration of OSCC cells. RESULTS: HMMR was highly expressed in OSCC tissues. Compared with the low HMMR expression group, the prognostic related factors in the HMMR high expression group was significantly lower, with significant difference (all P<0.05); the high expression of HMMR was significantly related with the T grade (RR=1.33, P<0.05), lymphonodus metastasis (RR=1.74, P<0.05), the clinical stage (RR=1.49, P<0.05), and it was an independent prognostic risk factor for OSCC (RR=1.45, P<0.05). Down-regulation of HMMR can inhibit the proliferation and migration of OSCC cells, with significant difference (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: HMMR, as a proto-oncogene of OSCC, can promote the occurrence and development of OSCC, and it may be used as a potential early diagnostic marker and a new target for therapy.

Etiology of Spontaneous Extensor Tendon Injury in Northern-China Rice Farmers.

BACKGROUND: Spontaneous extensor tendon injury is caused by repeated finger flexion and wrist movement. This rare disease has a relatively high incidence in northern China, mostly among rice farmers. This study aimed to elucidate the etiology of spontaneous extensor tendon injury in rice farmers. METHODS: Morphologic changes in the extensor tendons and wrist extensor retinaculum in wrist dorsiflexion were studied via ultrasound examination of the hands of 30 healthy adult men, and 34 patients with a non-rupture extensor tendon injury and 11 patients with spontaneous ruptures of the extensor tendons were also enrolled in the study. The daily workload and potential causes of injuries were assessed. RESULTS: Ultrasound images of healthy male hands showed that during wrist dorsiflexion, the extensor retinaculum of the wrist forms differently shaped trochleas as the dorsiflexion angle changes. Histopathologic examination of the wrist extensor retinaculum revealed that the inner face was abraded evenly, the synovial membrane on the surface of the wrist extensor retinaculum disappeared, the internal coarse fibers were exposed and there was fibrous debris, suggesting that dry friction occurred before the rupture. CONCLUSIONS: From clinical observation it could be concluded that the severity and progress of swelling and pain are related to the force applied during rice transplantation as abrasions were found at the front of the wrist extensor retinaculum.

[Concentration of Phosphorus in Sediments Interstitial Water as Affected by Distribution of Aquatic Plants in Dianchi Lake].

In order to reveal the effect of aquatic plants distribution on the mass concentration of phosphorus in sediment interstitial water, the mass concentrations of Dissolved Total Phosphorus (DTP), Soluble Reactive Phosphorus (SRP) and Dissolved Organic Phosphorus (DOP) in the sediment interstitial water and overlying water from areas with or without plants in the same site of Dianchi were studied. The vertical variation characteristics of phosphorus forms in sediment interstitial water were analyzed to explore the effect of aquatic plants on the phosphorus forms in sediment interstitial water. The results showed: ①Aquatic plants had an significant effect on the phosphorus mass concentration of the sediment interstitial water in different Dianchi lakes. However, they varied with different distribution sites and depth. ②Aquatic plants significantly decreased the percentage of DOP contribution in the sediment interstitial water. The average contribution of DOP with aquatic plants was 32.87%, while that without plants reached 57.68%; ③Aquatic plants significantly inhibited the release of inorganic phosphorus in sediments and promoted the transformation of DOP. The SRP diffusion flux at sediment-water interface with aquatic plants was increased by 39.99% as compared with that without plants; ④The growth of aquatic plants significantly reduced the concentration of phosphorus in sediment interstitial water, especially DOP, and the reduction rate of the sediment interstitial water DOP was from 38.02% to 85.49%. Therefore, the analysis of the contribution and reduction rate of aquatic plants on the sediment interstitial water DOP was of great importance in understanding the relationship between aquatic plants and DOP, as well as the mineralization of organic phosphorus in sediments.

[Characteristics of nitrogen pollution and the potential mineralization in surface sediments of Dianchi Lake].

The nitrogen content, its different forms and their spatial distribution were studied by using the 53 sediment samples from different sites in Dianchi Lake. Thereafter, the potential nitrogen mineralization ability of the sediments and their pollution characteristics were also explored to understand the influencing factors of nitrogen pollution and its release risk from the sediment surface to the overlying water of Dianchi. The results showed: (1) the average total nitrogen content of surface sediment in Dianchi Lake was 3 515. 60 mg x kg(-1), which was at a high level from the inlets in Caohai Northeast thinning digging area, Panlong River and the Haikou into Dianchi Lake, but relatively low in Baoxiang River Estuary dredging area. The total organic nitrogen (TON) content, accounting for 85.86% of TN, was at a high level; on the other hand, the dissolved inorganic nitrogen ( DIN) content was lower, which accounted for 14.10% of TN. The spatial distribution of TON and TN kept the same trend, but not the DIN. Compared with other Lakes of China, the nitrogen content of sediment in Dianci was at a high level, and the extent of pollution was just below the serious polluted City Lakes. (2) The average potential mineralizable nitrogen (PMN) content of Lake Dianchi was 1 154.76 mg x kg(-1), accounting for 32.90% of TN, which raised the potential risk of its release into the overlying water. Higher PMN was found in the Caohai Lake area and the inlet of Panlong River in the North, the inlet of Luolong Rive in the Middle Lake, the inlet of Baiyukou Lake and Liangwang River in the South. Nowadays, the pH value of Dianchi Lake was favorable for its sediment nitrogen mineralization, and its nitrogen mineralization was affected by the release of NH4(+) -N from organic matter. In the heavy polluted area, the concentration of the overlying water nitrogen was seriously affected by nitrogen mineralization of sediment from Dianchi, while the light polluted area was less affected.

[Comparison of agronomic traits of Panax notoginseng between traditional cultivated fields and new cultivated fields].

OBJECTIVE: In order to provide scientific basis for introduction breeding and production regionalization of Panax notoginseng, the environment of producing area, agronomic traits and medicinal material output were investigated. METHOD: Using field survey sampling at harvest time, agronomic traits indicators of leaf segment, stem segment and roots segment etc. of commodity P. notoginseng, longitude and latitude, elevation, soil type, landform of producing area were measured and observed. RESULT: The P. notogiseng cultivation was expanding from traditional area like Wenshang to new areas as Honghe, Kunming, Qujing at large scale. Comparing with traditional cultivated fields, the elevation of new fields, which are red soil of moderate or low mountain slopes and gentle hills between 1 800-2 130 m, increases markedly. The agronomic traits of new cultivated fields such as plant height, stem diameter, the ground and underground biomass were better than those of traditional cultivated fields in varying degree. Furthermore, the root weight, taproot weight, taproot length and other agronomic index augmented more than 20%. Comparison among different cultivated fields showed P. notoginseng of Honghe Shiping Niujie, Kunming Shilin Guishan, Honghe Jiangshui Guanting etc. had better agronomic traits, the plant were thick and tall, the taproot and the top of reed were large, the number of root was more. Inversely, P. notoginseng of Kunming Guandu Xiaoshao, Guangxi Jingxi Lutong, Wenshang Yanshan Jiangna were thin and small. Cluster analysis showed that cultivated fields of P. notoginseng which was across clustered by traditional and new cultivated fields can be divided into three groups, including a high-yielding region insist of three new cultivated fields Honghe Shiping Niujie, Kunming Shilin Guishan, Honghe Jiangshui Guanting and one traditional cultivated field Wenshan Yanshan Jiangna. Correlation analysis indicated that the size and weight of taproot and top of reed were significantly positive correlated with plant height, stem diameter, leaf size, leaf weight and stem weight. Regression analysis pointed out that stem diameter, leaf width, leaf length/width, leaf weight were the main factors affecting the dry weight of taproot, and the main factors influencing the dry weight of top of reed were plant height, petiole, leaf length, leaf width and other agronomic traits. CONCLUSION: From agronomic traits, P. notoginseng in new cultivated fields were more robust than that in traditional fields, but besides the length of taproot, the difference of rest agronomic traits didn't reach the significant level. It is suggested that, in the west and the north of traditional area, the red soil land of moderate or low mountain slopes and gentle hills where the elevation is between 1 800-2 130 m is suitable for cultivating P. notoginseng. Honghe Shiping Niujie, Honghe Jianshui Guanting, Kuming Shilin Gongshan can be used as vital development area for commodity P. notoginseng.

[Effects of balanced fertilization and soil amendment on growth and yield of sanqi in continuous cropping].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the solution of continuous cropping obstacle of Panax notoginseng. METHOD: The effects of balanced fertilization and soil amendment on the emergence rate, survival rate, growth and yield of P. notoginseng were studied with a pot culture experiment in 3-year-interval continuous cropping soil. RESULT: The result showed that the content of total N, total P, available N, available P and other available components in continuous cropping soil were higher than those in fresh soil while available K and the rate of K/N were declined, and available Cu and some other micro elements were lack. The way of balanced fertilization "low N + fused calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer + high K + lime + micro elements" would significantly enhance the rate of survival, biomass and yield. It also promoted the growth of P. notoginseng in continuous cropping. The bagasse could relieve the continuous cropping obstacle obviously, the survival rate was improved for 31.6% and the yield of medicinal materials was 19.5%. The fly ash had also some effect in relieving the continuous cropping obstacle. CONCLUSION: The overall results suggested that the adequate fertilization plan is the applying lime, reducing N, applying calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer, improving K and supplying mircoelement as well as applying bagasse to resolve the problem of continuous cropping obstacle of P. notoginseng.

[Status and prospective on nutritional physiology and fertilization of Panax notoginseng].

Sanqi, Panax notoginseng, is a famous traditional Chinese herb, which has more than 400 years cultivation history in China. This paper has reviewed the studies on the suitable growing soil conditions for Sanqi, mineral nutrition effects on Sanqi, and the effects of nutrients uptake on the yield and quality of Sanqi by applying fertilizer. Thereafter, research needed to be put further efforts in the future has raised for discussion, and outlined the following topics for further research like the mechanism of mineral nutrition, methods of nutrients deficiency diagnosis on site, suitable cultivated soil grading special fertizer development, disease resistance, and fertilization recommended by soil testing.

[Epidemiological study of betel nut chewing among elementary and middle school students in Loudi city, Hunan province].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of betel nut chewing and oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) among elementary and middle school students in Loudi city, Hunan province. METHODS: According to the standard of the third national oral health epidemiological investigation, the subjects were selected through a two-stage random sampling procedure. A face to face questionnaire survey was conducted among students by random sampling from 6 schools, and oral examination was performed to find the prevalence of OSF. RESULTS: Of the 4087 eligible students, 4019 students participated in the survey(98.3%). Among the 4019 students, there were 498 betel nut chewers, the prevalence of betel nut chewing was 12.4%, which was much higher in male than in female students (437/2073, 21.1% vs 61/1946, 3.1%, P < 0.05). The proportion of students who were chewing areca nuts increased with increasing grades (P < 0.05). The prevalence was highest in senior schools (229/1077, 21.3%)and lowest in elementary schools (126/1983, 6.4%). Most students who were chewing areca nuts in elementary school obtained betel nuts from their parents (61/126, 48.4%), but most middle school betel nut chewers obtained betel nuts from their friends (88/143, 61.5% and 165/229, 72.1%). Five OSF cases (0.12%) were diagnosed among the 4019 students, all of them were male senior school students. CONCLUSIONS: Betel nut chewing was common and OSF cases were found among elementary and middle school students in Loudi city. There were more male than female students who were chewing betel nut.

[PRB technology in situ remediation of groundwater polluted by landfill leachate].

In this paper three reaction media zero valent iron (ZVI), a mixture of ZVI and activated carbon, a mixture of the ZVI and zeolites were used to design three kinds of permeable reactive barrier (PRB), viz. reactors A, B and C and to study the feasibility and the efficiency of the PRB technology in the remediation of leachate-polluted groundwater. The designs of the reactors took into account the relation of the permeability of the reactor with the permeability of the aquifer. The results indicated that the COD removal ratios of the reactor A, B and C were more than 80%, 90% and 70% respectively and the value of the BOD5/COD increased from 0.32 up to 0.781, 0.728, 0.716 respectively. Total nitrogen decreased from 50 mg/L to less than 10 mg/L and the removal ratio of the ammonium ranged from 78%-91%. Zeolites of the reactor C manifested effectiveness in the removal of heavy metals and hardness. The removal ratios of Mn ion, Zn ion and hardness were up to 90%, 80%, 81% respectively. These results indicate that PRB technology is an efficient method for the treatment of leachate-contaminated groundwater.