[Research progress on the effect of common metabolism-related comorbidities on health outcomes and management strategies in patients with chronic hepatitis B].

With the increasing life expectancy and lifestyle changes of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), the significance of comorbidities of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in disease progression and health prognosis of CHB patients is gaining prominence. This study aims to explore the association between CHB and NCDs comorbidities, focusing on the impact of common metabolism-related diseases, such as metabolic syndrome and diabetes, on the health outcomes of CHB patients. We also summarize studies on integrating the management of comorbidities in CHB patients and provide relevant recommendations for effective management. The findings of this study serve as a foundation for understanding the clinical characteristics and prevalence trends, reducing the disease burden of comorbidities among CHB patients, and establishing a comprehensive and coordinated management system for comorbidities.

[Research progress on the comorbidity between hepatitis B virus infection and noncommunicable diseases].

With the decline in hepatitis B virus (HBV) incidence and the increase in the life expectancy of infected individuals, the population infected with HBV is experiencing rapid aging, leading to an escalating risk of co-morbid chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). This study summarizes research related to the comorbidity between HBV and NCDs, discussing the aging of the HBV-infected population, the mechanisms, prevalence, and management of this comorbidity. This study provides insights into potential directions for future research on the comorbidity between HBV and NCDs and aims to provide a basis for further research and the development of prevention and treatment strategies for the comorbidity of NCDs among HBV-infected individuals in China.

[Chromosome abnormality rate and related factors of spontaneous abortion in early pregnancy].

Objective: To investigate chromosome abnormality rate and related factors of spontaneous abortion in early pregnancy. Methods: A total of 831 tissue samples of spontaneous abortion in early pregnancy were collected from June 2015 to August 2018 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. Chromosomal copy number was analyzed by next generation sequencing (NGS). The relationships between chromosome abnormality and maternal age, in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) pregnancy, number of previous spontaneous abortions, history of live birth were analyzed by statistical methods. Results: Among 831 tissue samples of spontaneous abortion in early pregnancy, 461 (55.5%, 461/831) were found to have chromosome abnormalities. Maternal age (OR=1.107, 95%CI: 1.070- 1.145) and history of live birth (OR=1.909, 95%CI: 1.182-3.083) were the positive correlative factors of chromosome abnormality. Times of previous spontaneous abortion (OR=0.807, 95%CI: 0.702-0.928) and IVF-ET pregnancy (OR=0.554, 95%CI: 0.404-0.760) were the negative correlative factors of chromosome abnormality. Conclusions: Chromosome abnormality is an important cause of spontaneous abortion in early pregnancy. The rate of chromosome abnormality increases with the increase of maternal age and the history of live birth, and decreases with the increase of number of previous spontaneous abortion and IVF-ET pregnancy.

[An update on the treatment of orbital venous malformation].

Orbital venous malformation (OVM) ranks as the most common form of vascular lesions in the orbit. OVM may cause functional impairment as well as disfigured appearance in orbital and periorbital regions. A variety of treatment methods has been used to deal with OVM, including sclerotherapy, laser therapy, embolization, surgical resection. The treatment scenario should be made based on hemodynamics, location and extent of lesions in order to achieve encouraging results. With increased understanding on hemodynamics of OVM and application of newly proposed techniques, a combined modality of multiple approaches with defined order has been advocated to be applied in the treatment of OVM. In this paper, the latest advancement in treatment of OVM is reviewed. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2018, 54: 548-550).

[Analysis of clinical outcomes of different embryo stage biopsy in array comparative genomic hybridization based preimplantation genetic diagnosis and screening].

Objective: To evaluate the efficiency of the application of array comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH) in preimplantation genetic diagnosis or screening (PGD/PGS), and compare the clinical outcomes of different stage embryo biopsy. Methods: The outcomes of 381 PGD/PGS cycles referred in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from July 2011 to August 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 320 PGD cycles with 156 cleavage-stage-biopsy cycles and 164 trophectoderm-biopsy cycles, 61 PGS cycles with 23 cleavage-stage-biopsy cycles and 38 trophectoderm-biopsy cycles. Chromosomal analysis was performed by array-CGH technology combined with whole genome amplification. Single embryo transfer was performed in all transfer cycles. Live birth rate was calculated as the main clinical outcomes. Results: The embryo diagnosis rate of PGD/PGS by array-CGH were 96.9%-99.1%. In PGD biopsy cycles, the live birth rate per embryo transfer cycle and live birth rate per embryo biopsy cycle were 50.0%(58/116) and 37.2%(58/156) in cleavage-stage-biopsy group, 67.5%(85/126) and 51.8%(85/164) in trophectoderm-biopsy group (both P<0.01). In PGS biopsy cycles, the live birth rate per embryo transfer cycle and live birth rate per embryo biopsy cycle were the same as 34.8%(8/23) in cleavage-stage-biopsy group, the same as 42.1%(16/38) in trophectoderm-biopsy group (both P>0.05). Conclusions: High diagnosis rate and idea live birth rate are achieved in PGD/PGS cycles based on array-CGH technology. The live birth rate of trophectoderm-biopsy group is significantly higher than that of cleavage-stage-biopsy group in PGD cycles; the efficiency of trophectoderm-biopsy is better.

Hepatitis C virus infection among hemodialysis patients in Asia: a meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: Current studies reported that patients with hemodialysis duration for three years or more were prone to infection than those with less than three years. This meta-analysis was to assess the prevalence rate and explore the risk factors of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among hemodialysis patients in Asia population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Embase and PubMed databases were retrieved in 16 September, 2013 for cross-sectional studies, retrospective cohort studies or prospective cohort study about the prevalence of HCV infection of hemodialysis patients in Asian region. The prevalence rate and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used for pooled analysis. RESULTS: The combined effect of overall HCV prevalence rate in hemodialysis patients of Asian countries was 0.31 (95% CI: 0.24-0.38). Subgroup analysis showed that the prevalence rate among men was 0.28 (95% CI: 0.20-0.35), while the prevalence rate among women was 0.23 (95% CI: 0.17-0.30). Male were more vulnerable to be infected than female population (RR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.08-1.42). Blood transfusion elevated the risk of HCV infection (RR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.70-0.95). Short-term hemodialysis population had lower risk of infection than those who receiving the long-term hemodialysis (RR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.34-0.91). CONCLUSIONS: The overall HCV prevalence rate of hemodialysis patients in Asian region remained at a high level of 31%, which might be increased by long-term hemodialysis and blood transfusion than people without hemodialysis. More attention and effective preventive measures are necessary.

Influence of hydroxyapatite crystallization temperature and concentration on stress transfer in wet-spun nanohydroxyapatite-chitosan composite fibres.

Hydroxyapatite possesses appropriate osteoconductivity and biocompatibility for hard-tissue replacement implants but suffers from brittleness. One approach to overcome this problem is to incorporate nanometre hydroxyapatite (nHA) into a polymer matrix, such as chitosan, to yield a hydroxyapatite-chitosan (HC) composite. Here, a novel HC composite was synthesized and its elastic properties were investigated by varying (1) nHA concentration and (2) crystallization temperature (T), where T is a parameter which influences the morphology of the crystals. Crystals of nHA were precipitated at T = 40 degrees C and 100 degrees C, blended in a chitosan matrix, and wet-spun to yield fibres of HC composites at 5, 15, 20 and 40% concentrations (mass fraction of nHA). Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy revealed a uniform distribution of nanocrystallites within the fibre. Tensile testing revealed that HC fibres, which comprised nHA treated at T = 100 degrees C, possessed low tensile strength, sigma(0), and stiffness, E, at low nHA concentrations but high sigma(0) and E at higher concentrations, i.e. beyond a 15% mass fraction of nHA. However, with nHA treated at T = 40 degrees C, the fibres yielded high sigma(0) and E at low nHA concentrations but low sigma(0) and E at high concentrations. The results strongly implicate the underlying effect of crystallite morphology on stress transfer at different concentrations.

[Studies on the recurrent attacks of acute adenolymphangitis due to Malayan filariasis].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the role of filarial and bacterial infections in the recurrent attacks of acute adenolymphangitis due to malayan fialriasis. METHODS: 1. To observe the seasonal fluctuation of acute attacks by performing monthly follow-up on patients with history of acute attacks in recent years. 2. To study the relationship between bacterial infection and filarial adenolymphangitis by performing bacteria culture and anti-streptolysin O test. 3. To investigate the variation of acute attacks by controlling filariasis transmission or by treating patients with a history of recurrent acute attacks. RESULTS: 1. The peak of acute attacks in patients coincided with the peak of vector transmission season. 2. Of the 97 cases examined by bacteria culture, 90 cases were negative; of the 255 cases examined by anti-streptolysin O test, the titres in 94.1% (143/152) of the cases with first attack and simple adenolymphangitis were within normal limits, however, the titres in 27.2% (28/103) of the cases complicated with elephantiasis were increased. 3. The acute attack rate of adenolymphangitis per year reduced significantly in cases with first attack and simple adenolymphangitis after effective control of filariasis transmission. 4. There was no evidence of the reduction of acute attacks by treating patients with DEC alone. CONCLUSION: In malayan filariasis endemic areas, the main causes of recurrent attacks of acute adenolymphangitis might be the repeated filarial infections due to the persistence of filariasis transmission.