Programmable, High-resolution Printing of Spatially Graded Perovskites for Multispectral Photodetectors.

Micro/nanostructured perovskites with spatially graded compositions and bandgaps are promising in filter-free, chip-level multispectral, and hyperspectral detection. However, achieving high-resolution patterning of perovskites with controlled graded compositions is challenging. Here, a programmable mixed electrohydrodynamic printing (M-ePrinting) technique is presented to realize the one-step direct-printing of arbitrary spatially graded perovskite micro/nanopatterns for the first time. M-ePrinting enables in situ mixing and ejection of solutions with controlled composition/bandgap by programmatically varying driving voltage applied to a multichannel nozzle. Composition can be graded over a single dot, line or complex pattern, and the printed feature size is down to 1 µm, which is the highest printing resolution of graded patterns to the knowledge. Photodetectors based on micro/nanostructured perovskites with halide ions gradually varying from Br to I are constructed, which successfully achieve multispectral detection and full-color imaging, with a high detectivity and responsivity of 3.27 × 1015 Jones and 69.88 A W-1, respectively. The presented method provides a versatile and competitive approach for such miniaturized bandgap-tunable perovskite spectrometer platforms and artificial vision systems, and also opens new avenues for the digital fabrication of composition-programmable structures.

The Physiological Function of nNOS-Associated CAPON Proteins and the Roles of CAPON in Diseases.

In this review, the structure, isoform, and physiological role of the carboxy-terminal PDZ ligand of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (CAPON) are summarized. There are three isoforms of CAPON in humans, including long CAPON protein (CAPON-L), short CAPON protein (CAPON-S), and CAPON-S' protein. CAPON-L includes three functional regions: a C-terminal PDZ-binding motif, carboxypeptidase (CPE)-binding region, and N-terminal phosphotyrosine (PTB) structural domain. Both CAPON-S and CAPON-S' only contain the C-terminal PDZ-binding motif. The C-terminal PDZ-binding motif of CAPON can bind with neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and participates in regulating NO production and neuronal development. An overview is given on the relationship between CAPON and heart diseases, diabetes, psychiatric disorders, and tumors. This review will clarify future research directions on the signal pathways related to CAPON, which will be helpful for studying the regulatory mechanism of CAPON. CAPON may be used as a drug target, which will provide new ideas and solutions for treating human diseases.

Deformation and instability properties of cemented gangue backfill column under step-by-step load in constructional backfill mining.

Constructional backfill mining with cemented gangue backfill column can solve the environmental issues caused by mining activities and the accumulation of waste gangue at a low cost. To study the deformation and instability properties of cemented gangue backfill columns during the advancement of coal mining face, five step-by-step loading paths were adapted to mimic the different loading processes of the roof. The lateral deformation at different heights and axial deformation of the sample were monitored. The results show that the deformation and instability of the backfill column have the properties of loading paths and are affected by the step-by-step loading path. When stress-strength ratio (SSR) is less than 0.6, the lateral of backfill column shrinks during the creeping process. In high-stress levels, lateral creep strain develops faster than axial creep strain. The backfill column has characteristics of axial creep hardening and lateral creep softening during the step-by-step loading process. The instantaneous deformation modulus and instantaneous Poisson's ratio show an upward trend. The strength of backfill column under the step-by-step load is related to loading paths and is no less than uniaxial compressive strength. The non-uniformity of the lateral deformation of backfill column leads to excessive localized deformation that mainly occurs in the middle, causing the overall instability. The development of cracks of backfill column under step-by-step load could be divided into 4 stages according to SSR. Under different step-by-step loading paths, the axial creep strain rate is nearly a constant before entering the accelerated creep stage. A nonlinear creep constitutive model with a creep strain rate trigger was proposed to depict the development of axial strain under step-by-step load. This research could provide a scientific reference for the design of the advancing distance and cycle for the hydraulic support, and reinforcement of the backfill column.