[Expression of Key Enzymes in Glucose Metabolism in Chronic Mountain Sickness and Its Correlation with Phenotype].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the pathogenesis of erythrocytosis by detecting the key enzymes of glucose metabolism and glucose transporter in bone marrow erythrocytes of chronic mountain sickness (CMS), and analyzing its correlation with hemoglobin. METHODS: Twenty CMS patients hospitalized in Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital from January 2019 to December 2020 were selected as CMS group. Twenty males with leukocyte count > 3.5×109/L who had accepted bone marrow aspiration and had normal result were taken as control group. The mRNA and protein expression of key enzymes and glucose transporter in glucose metabolism in bone marrow CD71+ erythrocytes were detected by real time qPCR and Western blot, respectively. Glucose, lactic acid and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate in the bone marrow supernatant and serum were tested by ELISA. The mRNA and protein expression of key enzymes and glucose transporter, glucose, lactic acid and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate of the two groups were compared. Pearson correlation was used to analyze the correlation between key enzymes, glucose transporter in glucose metabolism in bone marrow CD71+ erythrocytes and hemoglobin. RESULTS: The expression of HK2, GLUT1 and GLUT2 mRNA in the CMS group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.001), while the expression of HK1, OGDH and COX5B mRNA were not different. The expression of HK2, GLUT1 and GLUT2 protein in the CMS group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The levels of glucose and lactic acid in the bone marrow supernatant and serum in the CMS group were not different from those in the control group, while the level of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate was higher (P<0.001). Both HK2 and GLUT2 proteins were positively correlated with hemoglobin (r=0.511, 0.717). CONCLUSION: CMS patients may increase glycolysis by increasing the expression of HK2, and promote the utilization of glucose through high expression of GLUT1 and GLUT2 to meet the need of energy supply.

Different expression of circulating microRNA profile and plasma SP-D in Tibetan COPD patients.

COPD is the fourth leading cause of mortality, and is predicted to be the third leading cause of death worldwide by 2020. But few studies on Tibetan COPD of China. This study identifies distinctive miRNA signatures in Tibetan COPD patients from Tibetan healthy subjects that could serve as diagnostic biomarkers or describe differential molecular mechanisms with potential therapeutic implications. In this study, a total of 210 differentially expressed miRNAs were screened. Analysis of the functions of target genes of differentially expressed miRNAs via GO enrichment analysis revealed that they mainly influenced guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity, cell morphogenesis and the positive regulation of GTPase activity. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that these target genes were mainly enriched in signaling by NGF, Axon guidance, developmental biology, ubiquitin mediated proteolysis, and PDGF signaling pathways. MiR-106-5p and miR-486-5p expression was validated in the complete cohort. Age, plasma miR-106-5p, miR-486-5p, SP-D protein levels, and SP-D mRNA level were also determined to be correlated with FEV1%Pred, and may as the risk factors of Tibetan COPD. The combination of plasma miR-106-5p, miR-486-5p and SP-D mRNA expression may be the best model to assist the diagnosis of Tibetan COPD.

[Effect of HIF-1α on Angiogenesis-Related Factors in K562 Cells].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the mechanisms of angiogenesis in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) through detecting the levels of angiogenesis-related factors secreted from K562 cells after overexpression and interference of HIF-1α gene in K562 cells. METHODS: The K562 cells were transfected by lentiviruses carried and interfered HIF-1α gene, then the transtected K562 cells with carried and interfered with HIF-1α gene were enrolled in overexpression and interference groups respectively, at the same time the K562 cells transfected by the empty virus were enrolled in control group. The cells were harvested after culture for 72 hours under normoxid condition. The transfection efficient in 3 groups was detected by fluorescence microscopy; the mRNA expression of HIF-1α gene and angiogenesis-related factors was detected by RT-PCR; the concentration of angiogenesis-related factors in the caltured supernatant was detected by ELISA. RESULTS: The optimal MOI of K562 cells transfected with lentivirus was 10 and the transfection efficiency was about 50%. The positive rate of transfection after screening by puromycin was more than 90%. The mRNA expression of ANG-I, ANG-II, TGF-α and VEGF in the interference group was lower than that in the over-expression group, and the TGF-ß1 mRNA expression in the interference group was higher than in the over-expression group. The mRNA expression of ANG-I and VEGF in the interference group was lower than that in the control group. TGF-αdid not could be detected, and the culture supernatant concentration of ANG-I and TNF-α in the interference group was lower than in the over-expression group, while the VEGF concentration in the interference group was higher than that in the over-expression group. All of the above-mentioned differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05). CONCLUSION: The positive K562 cells transfected with leutivirus have been harvested by screening with puromycin. The HIF-1α mRNA positively regulates the mRNA expression of ANG-1, ANG-2, TGF-α, VEGF in K562 cells, promotes the antocrine ability of ANG-1 and TNF-α, moreover not stimulates the autocrine of TGF-α, the up-regulation of HIF-1α expression can inhibit the expression TGF-ß1 in K562 cells and the autocrine of TGF-ß1.

[Significance of Bone Marrow Microvessel Density and Vascular- Related Factors in Multiple Myeloma].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical significance of bone marrow microvessel density(MVD) and angiogenesis related factors in multipic myeloma(MM). METHODS: Twenty cases of MM and 20 cases of simple fracture were selected and enrolled in MM group and control group respectively. The clinical data and results of laboratorial tests were collected; the bone marrow MVD of patients was detected by using the modified plastic-embedded pathologic sections of bone marrow tissue and histochemistry staining, the expression levels of amgiogenesis-related factors including VEGF, TNF-α, HGF, TGF-α, TGF-ß1, bFGF, Ang-Ⅰ, Ang-Ⅱ in bone marrow supernatant were detected by ELISA; the mRNA expression levels of above-mentioned cytokines in bone marrow mononuclear cells were detected by real time-PCR; the pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation of MVD with VEGF, HGF and bFGF levels. RESULTS: The MVD in MM group was significantly higher than that in control group (P＜0.001); the mRNA expression of VEGF, TGF-α, TGF-ß1 and HGF in bone marrow mononuclear cells of MM group was higher than that of control group(P＜0.001); the levels of VEGF, HGF, bFGF and THF-α in bone marrow supernatant of MM group were higher than those in control group(P＜0.05), moreover, the MVD positively correlated with levels of VEGF, HGF and bFGF in bone marrow(r=0.488, 0.472 and 0.457). CONCLUSION: The MVD and levels vessel-related factors in bone marrow supernatant of MM patients increase, among which the levels of VEGF and HGF in bone marrow supernatant are consistant with those mRNA expression level in bone marrow mononuclear cells, moreover, the MVD possitively cerrelates with levels of VEGF, HGF and bFGF in bone marrow supernatant, suggesting that the changes of bone marrow microenvironment vassel-related factors play an important role in angiogenesis and pathogenesis of multiple myeloma.