The impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and endophytic bacteria on peanuts under the combined pollution of cadmium and microplastics.

It remains unclear how symbiotic microbes impact the growth of peanuts when they are exposed to the pollutants cadmium (Cd) and microplastics (MPs) simultaneously. This study aimed to investigate the effects of endophytic bacteria Bacillus velezens SC60 and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis on peanut growth and rhizosphere microbial communities in the presence of Cd at 40 (Cd40) or 80 (Cd80) mg kg-1 combined without MP or the presence of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and poly butyleneadipate-co-terephthalate (PBAT). This study assessed soil indicators, plant parameters, and Cd accumulation indicators. Results showed that the application of R. irregularis and B. velezens significantly enhanced soil organic carbon and increased Cd content under the conditions of Cd80 and MPs co-pollution. R. irregularis and B. velezens treatment increased peanut absorption and the enrichment coefficient for Cd, with predominate concentrations localized in the peanut roots, especially under combined pollution by Cd and MPs. Under treatments with Cd40 and Cd80 combined with PBAT pollution, soil microbes Proteobacteria exhibited a higher relative abundance, while Actinobacteria showed a higher relative abundance under treatments with Cd40 and Cd80 combined with LDPE pollution. In conclusion, under the combined pollution conditions of MPs and Cd, the co-treatment of R. irregularis and B. velezens effectively immobilized Cd in peanut roots, impeding its translocation to the shoot.

[Application status and analysis of Fu's subcutaneous needling in the treatment of peripheral facial paralysis].

This paper summarizes the status of application and research of Fu's subcutaneous needling for peripheral facial paralysis, and the characteristics of different stages of peripheral facial paralysis treated with Fu's subcutaneous needling are analyzed from the aspects of intervention timing, protocol design, needle insertion point, sweeping and reperfusion activity, tube retaining time and acupuncture frequency. It is found that there are no norms and standards in sweeping and reperfusion, tube retention and acupuncture frequency in clinical application，and the exploration of staged treatment is insufficient in the research. In the future, it is necessary to form standardized operation to promote clinical promotion, and improve the research on treatment rules and mechanism according to the characteristics of disease stage.

LncAABR07053481 inhibits bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell apoptosis and promotes repair following steroid-induced avascular necrosis.

The osteonecrotic area of steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head (SANFH) is a hypoxic microenvironment that leads to apoptosis of transplanted bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we explore the mechanism of hypoxic-induced apoptosis of BMSCs, and use the mechanism to improve the transplantation efficacy of BMSCs. Our results show that the long non-coding RNA AABR07053481 (LncAABR07053481) is downregulated in BMSCs and closely related to the degree of hypoxia. Overexpression of LncAABR07053481 could increase the survival rate of BMSCs. Further exploration of the downstream target gene indicates that LncAABR07053481 acts as a molecular "sponge" of miR-664-2-5p to relieve the silencing effect of miR-664-2-5p on the target gene Notch1. Importantly, the survival rate of BMSCs overexpressing LncAABR07053481 is significantly improved after transplantation, and the repair effect of BMSCs in the osteonecrotic area is also improved. This study reveal the mechanism by which LncAABR07053481 inhibits hypoxia-induced apoptosis of BMSCs by regulating the miR-664-2-5p/Notch1 pathway and its therapeutic effect on SANFH.

Networks with controlled chirality via self-assembly of chiral triblock terpolymers.

Nanonetwork-structured materials can be found in nature and synthetic materials. A double gyroid (DG) with a pair of chiral networks but opposite chirality can be formed from the self-assembly of diblock copolymers. For triblock terpolymers, an alternating gyroid (GA) with two chiral networks from distinct end blocks can be formed; however, the network chirality could be positive or negative arbitrarily, giving an achiral phase. Here, by taking advantage of chirality transfer at different length scales, GA with controlled chirality can be achieved through the self-assembly of a chiral triblock terpolymer. With the homochiral evolution from monomer to multichain domain morphology through self-assembly, the triblock terpolymer composed of a chiral end block with a single-handed helical polymer chain gives the chiral network from the chiral end block having a particular handed network. Our real-space analyses reveal the preferred chiral sense of the network in the GA, leading to a chiral phase.

The Root Nodule Microbiome of Cultivated and Wild Halophytic Legumes Showed Similar Diversity but Distinct Community Structure in Yellow River Delta Saline Soils.

Symbiotic associations between leguminous plants and their nodule microbiome play a key role in sustainable agriculture by facilitating the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen and enhancing plant stress resistance. This study aimed to decipher the root nodule microbiome of two halophytic legumes, Sesbania cannabina and Glycine soja, which grow in saline soils of the Yellow River Delta, China, using PacBio's circular consensus sequencing for full-length bacterial 16S rRNA gene to obtain finer taxonomic information. The cultivated legume Glycine max was used for comparison. We identified 18 bacterial genera and 55 species in nodule samples, which mainly classified to Proteobacteria, and rhizobial genus Ensifer was the predominant group. The three legumes showed similarity in operational taxonomic unit (OTU) diversity but distinction in OTU richness, indicating that they harbor similar bacterial species with different relative contents. The results of principal coordinates analysis and ANOSIM tests indicated that G. soja and G. max have similar nodule bacterial communities, and these communities differ from that of S. cannabina. Wild legumes S. cannabina and G. soja both harbored a higher number of rhizobia, while G. max possessed more non-rhizobial bacteria. These differences could be associated with their adaptability to saline-alkali stress and revealed clues on the nodule endophytes with relative importance of culturable rhizobial symbionts.

Effect of Chinese Herbal Monomer Hairy Calycosin on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Rats and its Mechanism.

BACKGROUND: Chinese herbal monomer hairy Calycosin is a flavonoid extracted from Radix astragali. Aims and Scope: The aim of the research was to investigate the effect and mechanism of Hairy Calycosin on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Dieases (NAFLD) in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 60 rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, then NAFLD rat models were prepared and treated with different doses of Hairy Calycosin (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mg/kg) or Kathyle relatively. RESULTS: Both 1.0 mg/kg and 2.0 mg/kg Hairy Calycosin treatment could significantly increase the serum Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) content of the model rats and reduce the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Free Fatty Acid (FFA), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and liver homogenate malondialdehyde (MDA), while 2.0 mg/kg Hairy Calycosin can down-regulate liver tissue cytochrome p450 2E1 (CYP2E1). In the electron microscope, compared with the model control group, the mitochondrial swelling in the hepatocytes of Hairy Calycosin (1.0, 2.0 mg/kg) treatment group was significantly reduced, the ridge on the inner membrane of mitochondria increased, and the lipid droplets became much smaller. CONCLUSION: Hairy Calycosin can effectively control the lipid peroxidation in liver tissues of rats with NAFLD, and reduce the levels of serum TNF-α, IL-6, MDA and FFA, effectively improve the steatosis and inflammation of liver tissue, and down-regulate the expression of CYP2E1, inhibit apoptosis of hepatocytes.

Transcriptome analysis reveals the impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis on Sesbania cannabina expose to high salinity.

Arbuscular mycorrhiza can improve the salt-tolerance of host plant. A systematic study of mycorrhizal plant responses to salt stress may provide insights into the acquired salt tolerance. Here, the transcriptional profiles of mycorrhizal Sesbania cannabina shoot and root under saline stress were obtained by RNA-Seq. Using weighted gene coexpression network analysis and pairwise comparisons, we identified coexpressed modules, networks and hub genes in mycorrhizal S. cannabina in response to salt stress. In total, 10,371 DEGs were parsed into five coexpression gene modules. One module was positively correlated with both salt treatment and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) inoculation, and associated with photosynthesis and ROS scavenging in both enzymatic and nonenzymatic pathways. The hub genes in the module were mostly transcription factors including WRKY, MYB, ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR, and TCP members involved in the circadian clock and might represent central regulatory components of acquired salinity tolerance in AM S. cannabina. The expression patterns of 12 genes involved in photosynthesis, oxidation-reduction processes, and several transcription factors revealed by qRT-PCR confirmed the RNA-Seq data. This large-scale assessment of Sesbania genomic resources will help in exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying plant-AM fungi interaction in salt stress responses.

Enhanced phytoremediation of uranium-contaminated soils by arbuscular mycorrhiza and rhizobium.

Uranium phytoextraction is a promising technology, however, facing difficult that limited plant biomass due to nutrient deficiency in the contaminated sites. The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential of a symbiotic associations of a legume Sesbania rostrata, rhizobia and arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) for reclamation of uranium contaminated soils. Results showed AMF and rhizobia had a mutual beneficial relations in the triple symbiosis, which significantly increased plant biomass and uranium accumulation in S. rostrata plant. The highest uranium removal rates was observed in plant-AMF-rhizobia treated soils, in which 50.5-73.2% had been extracted, whereas 7.2-23.3% had been extracted in plant-treated soil. Also, the S. rostrata phytochelatin synthase (PCS) genes expression were increased in AMF and rhizobia plants compared with the plants. Meantime, content of malic acid, succinic acid and citric acid were elevated in S. rostrata root exudates of AMF and rhizobia inoculated plants. The facts suggest that the mutual interactions in the triple symbiosis help to improve phytoremediation efficiency of uranium by S. rostrata.

Role of abscisic acid in strigolactone-induced salt stress tolerance in arbuscular mycorrhizal Sesbania cannabina seedlings.

BACKGROUND: Strigolactones (SLs) are considered to be a novel class of phytohormone involved in plant defense responses. Currently, their relationships with other plant hormones, such as abscisic acid (ABA), during responses to salinity stress are largely unknown. RESULTS: In this study, the relationship between SL and ABA during the induction of H2O2 - mediated tolerance to salt stress were studied in arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) Sesbania cannabina seedlings. The SL levels increased after ABA treatments and decreased when ABA biosynthesis was inhibited in AM plants. Additionally, the expression levels of SL-biosynthesis genes in AM plants increased following treatments with exogenous ABA and H2O2. Furthermore, ABA-induced SL production was blocked by a pre-treatment with dimethylthiourea, which scavenges H2O2. In contrast, ABA production was unaffected by dimethylthiourea. Abscisic acid induced only partial and transient increases in the salt tolerance of TIS108 (a SL synthesis inhibitor) treated AM plants, whereas SL induced considerable and prolonged increases in salt tolerance after a pre-treatment with tungstate. CONCLUSIONS: These results strongly suggest that ABA is regulating the induction of salt tolerance by SL in AM S. cannabina seedlings.

Crocinitomix algicola sp. nov., isolated from Gracilaria blodgettii.

A Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, non-flagellated, yellow-pigmented, rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated 0182T, was isolated from Gracilaria blodgettii, an algae of phylum Rhodophyta collected from coast of Lingshui county, Hainan, China (110° 03' 44.2'' E, 18° 24' 29.8'' N). The strain grew optimally at 30 °C, pH 7.0-7.5 and in the presence of 2.0-3.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Cells of strain 0182T were approximately 0.9-2.5 µm in length and 0.2-0.4 µm in width. The major respiratory quinone was MK-7. The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH. The major polar lipids were phosphoaminolipid, glycolipid, two unknown aminolipids and four unknown lipids. The DNA G+C content was approximately 35.4 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 0182T was phylogenetically related to members of the genus Crocinitomix and was closely related to Crocinitomix catalasitica with 94.6 % sequence similarity. On the basis of genotypic and phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic evidence, strain 0182T is thought to represent a novel species of the genus Crocinitomix, for which the name Crocinitomix algicola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 0182T (=KCTC 42868T =MCCC 1H00128T).

Elucidation of the molecular responses to waterlogging in Sesbania cannabina roots by transcriptome profiling.

Sesbania cannabina, a multipurpose leguminous crop, is highly resistant to waterlogging stress. However, the scant genomic resources in the genus Sesbania have greatly hindered further exploration of the mechanisms underlying its waterlogging tolerance. Here, the genetic basis of flooding tolerance in S. cannabina was examined by transcriptome-wide gene expression changes using RNA-Seq in seedlings exposed to short-term (3 h) and long-term (27 h) waterlogging. After de- novo assembly, 213990 unigenes were identified, of which 145162 (79.6%) were annotated. Gene Ontology and pathway enrichment analyses revealed that the glycolysis and fermentation pathways were stimulated to produce ATP under hypoxic stress conditions. Energy-consuming biosynthetic processes were dramatically repressed by short and long term waterlogging, while amino acid metabolism was greatly induced to maintain ATP levels. The expression pattern of 10 unigenes involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, glycolysis, and amino acid metabolism revealed by qRT-PCR confirmed the RNA-Seq data. The present study is a large-scale assessment of genomic resources of Sesbania and provides guidelines for probing the molecular mechanisms underlying S. cannabina waterlogging tolerance.

Agrobacterium salinitolerans sp. nov., a saline-alkaline-tolerant bacterium isolated from root nodule of Sesbania cannabina.

Two Gram-staining-negative, aerobic bacteria (YIC 5082T and YIC4104) isolated from root nodules of Sesbania cannabina grown in a high-salt and alkaline environment were identified as a group in the genus Agrobacterium because they shared 100 and 99.7 % sequence similarities of 16S rRNA and recA+atpD genes, respectively. These two strains showed 99.2/100 % and 93.9/95.4 % 16S rRNA and recA+atpD gene sequence similarities to Agrobacterium radiobacter LMG140T and Agrobacterium. pusense NRCPB10T, respectively. The average nucleotide identities (ANI) of genome sequences were 89.95 % or lower between YIC 5082T and the species of the genus Agrobacterium examined. Moreover, these two test strains formed a unique nifH lineage deeply separated from other rhizobia. Although the nodC gene was not detected in YIC 5082T and YIC4104, they could form effective root nodules on S. cannabina plants. The main cellular fatty acids in YIC 5082T were summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω7c/C18 : 1ω6c), C19 : 0cyclo ω8c, summed feature 2 (C12 : 0 aldehyde/unknown equivalent chain length 10.9525) and C16 : 0. The DNA G+C content of YIC 5082T was 59.3 mol%. The failure to utilize d-sorbitol as a carbon source distinguished YIC 5082T from the type strains of related species. YIC 5082T could grow in presence of 5.0 % (w/v) NaCl and at a pH of up to 10.0. Based on results regarding the genetic and phenotypic properties of YIC 5082T and YIC4104 the name Agrobacterium salinitolerans sp. nov. is proposed and YIC 5082T (=HAMBI 3646T=LMG 29287T) is designed as the type strain.

Enhanced phytoremediation of soils contaminated with PAHs by arbuscular mycorrhiza and rhizobium.

Greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the potential effectiveness of a legume (Sesbania cannabina), arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) (Glomus mosseae), and rhizobia (Ensifer sp.) symbiosis for remediation of Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in spiked soil. AMF and rhizobia had a beneficial impact on each other in the triple symbiosis. AMF and/or rhizobia significantly increased plant biomass and PAHs accumulation in plants. The highest PAHs dissipation was observed in plant + AMF + rhizobia treated soil, in which >97 and 85-87% of phenanthrene and pyrene, respectively, had been degraded, whereas 81-85 and 72-75% had been degraded in plant-treated soil. During the experiment, a relatively large amount of water-soluble phenolic compounds was detected in soils of AMF and/or rhizobia treatment. It matches well with the high microbial activity and soil enzymes activity. These results suggest that the mutual interactions in the triple symbiosis enhanced PAHs degradation via stimulating both microbial development and soil enzyme activity. The mutual interactions between rhizobia and AMF help to improve phytoremediation efficiency of PAHs by S. cannabina.

Rhodohalobacter halophilus gen. nov., sp. nov., a moderately halophilic member of the family Balneolaceae.

A novel Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, oxidase-negative and catalase-positive bacterium, designated JZ3C29T, was isolated from a saltern located in Feicheng, PR China. JZ3C29T was tolerant of moderately saline conditions. Optimal growth occurred at 40 °C (range 20-50 °C) and pH 7.5-8.5 (range pH 7.0-9.0) with 8-10 % (w/v) NaCl (range 2-16 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that JZ3C29T shared highest similarity with Gracilimonas tropica CL-CB462T (90.5 %), Gracilimonas mengyeensis YIM J14T (90.5 %) and Gracilimonas rosea CL-KR2T (90.4 %) and less than 90.0 % similarity with other species of the phylum Bacteroidetes. The isolate formed a novel genus-level clade in the recently described family Balneolaceae. The polar lipid profile of the novel isolate consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, three unidentified glycolipids, four unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified lipids. The dominant cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH) and iso-C15 : 0 and the sole respiratory quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). The DNA G+C content of JZ3C29T was 44.4 mol%. On the basis of these phenotypic and phylogenetic data, JZ3C29T should be classified as representing a novel genus and species within the family Balneolaceae, for which the name Rhodohalobacter halophilus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JZ3C29T (=MCCC 1H00131T=KCTC 52046T=JCM 31413T).

Labilibacter aurantiacus gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from sea squirt (Styela clava) and reclassification of Saccharicrinis marinus as Labilibacter marinus comb. nov.

A Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic, orange-pigmented bacterium, designated HQYD1T, was isolated from a sea squirt (Styelaclava) and characterized using a polyphasic approach. Morphologically, strain HQYD1T exhibited rods with gliding motility. This novel isolate grew optimally at 28 °C in the presence of 2-3 % (w/v) NaCl. The 16S rRNA gene sequence was most similar to [Saccharicrinis] marinus Y11T (96.3 %), followed by Saccharicinis fermentans DSM 9555T (93.8 %). The dominant fatty acids of strain HQYD1T were identified as C16 : 0, C18 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. Major polar lipids included an unidentified lipid and a phospholipid. The major respiratory quinone was found to be MK-7, and the genomic DNA G+C content was determined to be 35.1 mol%. Based on evidence from this taxonomic study, a novel genus, Labilibacter gen. nov., is proposed in the family Marinilabiliaceae with type species Labilibacter aurantiacus sp. nov. The type strain of the type species is HQYD1T (=MCCC 1K02304T=KCTC 42583T). As [Saccharicrinis] marinus Y11T clustered phylogenetically with strain HQYD1T, we also propose [Saccharicrinis] marinus Y11T be reclassified as Labilibacter marinus comb. nov. (type strain Y11T=CICC 10837T=KCTC 42400T).

Hyunsoonleella rubra sp. nov., isolated from coastal sediment.

A novel Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-flagellated and non-gliding bacterium, designated FA042T, was isolated from a marine sediment sample collected from the coast of Weihai, China (37° 32' 02″ N 122° 03' 44″ E). Optimal growth occurred at 33 °C, pH 7.0-7.5 and in the presence of 2-3 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain FA042T belonged to the genus Hyunsoonleella. The closest described neighbour, in terms of 16S rRNA gene sequence identity, was Hyunsoonleella jejuensis (95.0 %). The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 1 G, C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 0 3-OH. The major respiratory quinone was MK-6. The major polar lipids of strain FA042T were phosphatidylethanolamine, three unidentified lipids and two unidentified aminolipids. The DNA G+C content was 38.5 mol%. Based on its phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics, strain FA042T is presented as a representative of a novel species, for which the name Hyunsoonleella rubra sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Hyunsoonleella rubra sp. nov. is FA042T (=KCTC 42398T=MCCC 1H00110T).

Pontibacter locisalis Sy30T sp. nov. isolated from soil collected from an abandoned saltern.

A novel Gram-stain negative, red, rod-shaped, non-motile and aerobic bacterial strain, designated Sy30(T), was isolated from dry soils of an abandoned marine saltern at Weihai, China. 16S rRNA sequence analysis indicated that strain Sy30(T) belongs to the genus Pontibacter in the family Cytophagaceae, with sequence similarities ranging from 93.3 to 96.4 % with other type species of the genus Pontibacter. The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15:0 and summed feature 4 (iso-C17:1 I and/or anteiso-C17:1 B). The major menaquinone was MK-7. The major polyamine was sym-homospermidine. The DNA G+C content was 47.7 mol%. The major polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphoaminolipid and two unidentified polar lipid. Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis, strain Sy30(T) represents a novel species of the genus Pontibacter in the family Cytophagaceae, phylum Bacteroidetes, for which the name Pontibacter locisalis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Sy30(T) (=KCTC 42498(T) = CICC AB 2015060(T)).

Mesonia sediminis sp. nov., isolated from a sea cucumber culture pond.

A yellow-pigmented, Gram-stain negative and facultatively anaerobic bacterium, designated MF326(T), was isolated from a sample of sediment collected from a sea cucumber culture pond in Rongcheng, China (122°14'34″E 36°54'36″N). Cells of strain MF326(T) were found to be catalase negative and oxidase positive. Optimal growth was found to occur at 30 °C and pH 7.0-7.5 in the presence of 2.0-3.0% (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain MF326(T) is a member of the genus Mesonia and exhibits the high sequence similarity (94.3%) with the type strain of Mesonia ostreae, followed by Mesonia algae (93.9%). The dominant fatty acids of strain MF326(T) were identified as iso-C(15:0), an unidentified fatty acid with an equivalent chain-length of 13.565 and anteiso-C(15:0). The major polar lipids were found to be two unidentified lipids and phosphatidylethanolamine. The major respiratory quinone was found to be MK-6 and the genomic DNA G+C content was determined to be 40.7 mol%. On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis and differential phenotypic characteristics, it is concluded that strain MF326(T) (=KCTC 42255(T) =MCCC 1H00125(T)) should be assigned to the genus Mesonia as the type strain of a novel species, for which the name Mesonia sediminis sp. nov. is proposed.

Motiliproteus sediminis gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from coastal sediment.

A novel Gram-stain-negative, rod-to-spiral-shaped, oxidase- and catalase- positive and facultatively aerobic bacterium, designated HS6(T), was isolated from marine sediment of Yellow Sea, China. It can reduce nitrate to nitrite and grow well in marine broth 2216 (MB, Hope Biol-Technology Co., Ltd) with an optimal temperature for growth of 30-33 °C (range 12-45 °C) and in the presence of 2-3% (w/v) NaCl (range 0.5-7%, w/v). The pH range for growth was pH 6.2-9.0, with an optimum at 6.5-7.0. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the novel isolate was 93.3% similar to the type strain of Neptunomonas antarctica, 93.2% to Neptunomonas japonicum and 93.1% to Marinobacterium rhizophilum, the closest cultivated relatives. The polar lipid profile of the novel strain consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and some other unknown lipids. Major cellular fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C(16:1) ω7c/iso-C15:0 2-OH), C(18:1) ω7c and C(16:0) and the main respiratory quinone was Q-8. The DNA G+C content of strain HS6(T) was 61.2 mol%. Based on the phylogenetic, physiological and biochemical characteristics, strain HS6(T) represents a novel genus and species and the name Motiliproteus sediminis gen. nov., sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is HS6(T) (=ATCC BAA-2613(T)=CICC 10858(T)).