Accommodating Strategic Players in Distributed Algorithms for Power Dispatch Problems.

Distributed algorithms are gaining increasing research interests in the area of power system optimization and dispatch. Existing distributed power dispatch algorithms (DPDAs) usually assume that suppliers/consumers bid truthfully. However, this article shows the need for DPDAs to consider strategic players and to take account of their behavior deviation from what the DPDAs expect. To address this, we propose a distributed strategy update algorithm (DSUA) on top of a DPDA. The DSUA considers strategic suppliers who optimize their bids in a DPDA, using only the information accessible from a DPDA, that is, price. The DSUA also considers the cases when suppliers update bids alternately or simultaneously. Under both cases, we show the closeness of supplier bids to the Nash equilibrium via game-theoretic analysis as well as simulation.

[Synthesis and luminescent characteristic of BaMoO4:Eu3+].

The BaMoO4:Eu3+ phosphors were synthesized by solid-state method and were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and photoluminescence spectra. XRD analysis confirmed the formation of BaMoO4 at 800 degrees C and exhibited a tetragonal crystal structure. The excitation spectrum of samples showed one broad band and some peaks located behind 350 nm. The former was attributed to the charge transfer transition of Eu3+-O(2-), while the latter belonged to the f-f transitions of Eu3+ ions. The emission spectrum shows four peaks at 591, 615, 654 and 702 nm, respectively. The dominant peak is located at 615 nm due to the 5D0-7F2 electric dipole transition of Eu3+.

[Preparation and luminescent properties of a green Ca2SnO4 : Tb3+ phosphor].

A novel green emitting phosphor, Tb(3+)-doped Ca2SnO4, was prepared by the solid-state reaction. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the formation of Ca2SnO4 : Tb3+. Photoluminescence measurements indicated that the phosphor exhibits bright green emission at about 543 nm under UV excitation. The excitation spectra of Ca(2-x)Tb(x)SnO4 appear to have a red shift with main peak from 254 to 260 nm. The emission spectra of Ca(2-x)Tb(x)SnO4 have four peaks ascribed to 5D4-7F(J) (where J = 6, 5, 4, 3) transitions of Tb3+ ions. Under the condition of low Tb3+ concentration, the 5D4-7F6 transition of Tb3+ showed a stark energy level split to three split peaks and the peak intensity of 481nm firstly increased with increasing Tb3+ concentration, then decreased. The dependence of luminescent intensity of Ca2 SnO4 : Tb3+ phosphor on the Tb3+ concentration was studied, and the results show that the luminescence intensity firstly increased with increasing Tb3+ concentration, then decreased, and reached the maximal value at 9 mol% Tb3+. According to the Dexter theory, the authors confirmed the concentration quenching mechanism of Tb3+ in Ca2 SnO4. The fluorescence lifetime of phosphor analysis shows that the average lifetime is 4.4 ms. The results indicated that Ca2 SnO4 : Tb3+ could be a potential candidate as a green-emitting powder phosphor.