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Background: Musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders, affecting billions of people worldwide, pose significant challenges to the healthcare system and require effective management models. The rapid development of digital healthcare technologies (DHTs) has revolutionized the healthcare industry. DHT-based interventions have shown promising clinical benefits in managing MSK disorders, alleviating pain, and improving functional impairment. There is, however, no bibliometric analysis of the overall trends on this topic. Methods: We extracted all relevant publications from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database until April 30, 2023. We performed bibliometric analysis and visualization using CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and R software. Annual trends of publications, countries/regions distributions, funding agencies, institutions, co-cited journals, author contributions, references, core journals, and keywords and research hotspots were analyzed. Results: A total of 6810 papers were enrolled in this study. Publications have increased drastically from 16 in 1995 to 1198 in 2022, with 4067 articles published in the last five years. In all, 53 countries contributed with publications to this research area. The United States, the United Kingdom, and China were the most productive countries. Harvard University was the most contributing institution. Regarding keywords, research focuses include artificial intelligence, deep learning, machine learning, telemedicine, rehabilitation, and robotics. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has further accelerated the adoption of DHTs, highlighting the need for remote care options. The analysis reveals the positive impact of DHTs on improving physician productivity, enhancing patient care and quality of life, reducing healthcare expenditures, and predicting outcomes. DHTs are a hot topic of research not only in the clinical field but also in the multidisciplinary intersection of rehabilitation, nursing, education, social and economic fields. The analysis identifies four promising hotspots in the integration of DHTs in MSK pain management, biomechanics assessment, MSK diagnosis and prediction, and robotics and tele-rehabilitation in arthroplasty care.
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Since 2014, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5 viruses of clade 2.3.4.4 have been dominating the outbreaks across Europe, causing massive deaths among poultry and wild birds. However, the factors shaping these broad-scale outbreak patterns, especially those related to waterbird community composition, remain unclear. In particular, we do not know whether these risk factors differ from those of other H5 clades. Addressing this knowledge gap is important for predicting and preventing future HPAI outbreaks. Using extensive waterbird survey datasets from about 6883 sites, we here explored the effect of waterbird community composition on HPAI H5Nx (clade 2.3.4.4) spatial patterns in the 2016/2017 and 2020/2021 epidemics in Europe, and compared it with the 2005/2006 HPAI H5N1 (clade 2.2) epidemic. We showed that HPAI H5 occurrences in wild birds in the three epidemics were strongly associated with very similar waterbird community attributes, which suggested that, in nature, similar interspecific transmission processes operate between the HPAI H5 subtypes or clades. Importantly, community phylogenetic diversity consistently showed a negative association with H5 occurrence in all three epidemics, suggesting a dilution effect of phylogenetic diversity. In contrast, waterbird community variables showed much weaker associations with HPAI H5Nx occurrence in poultry. Our results demonstrate that models based on previous epidemics can predict future HPAI H5 patterns in wild birds, implying that it is important to include waterbird community factors in future HPAI studies to predict outbreaks and improve surveillance activities.
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OBJECTIVE: The role of hypoalbuminemia throughout the course of chronic periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) remains poorly understood. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of hypoalbuminemia in periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) patients and to explore the association between hypoalbuminemia and treatment outcomes. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included 387 PJI cases who underwent two-stage exchange arthroplasty between January 2007 and August 2020, of which 342 were reimplanted. The mean follow-up period was 7.9 years. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors for hypoalbuminemia and to assess the effect of hypoalbuminemia at 1st- and 2nd-stage exchange on the treatment outcome. Furthermore, the impact of dynamic changes in hypoalbuminemia was investigated. RESULTS: The prevalence of hypoalbuminemia at 1st- and 2nd-stage exchange was 22.2% and 4.7%, respectively. Patients with age ≥ 68 years and those with isolation of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus, or Gram-negative bacteria exhibited a higher risk of hypoalbuminemia. Hypoalbuminemia at 1st-stage was significantly related to treatment failure (OR = 3.3), while hypoalbuminemia at 2nd-stage raised the OR to 10.0. Patients with persistent hypoalbuminemia at both the 1st- and 2nd-stage exchanges had a significantly higher rate of treatment failure than patients with hypoalbuminemia at the 1st-stage but normal albumin levels at the 2nd-stage exchange (55.6% vs 20.0%, p = 0.036). CONCLUSION: One in five patients with chronic PJI exhibits hypoalbuminemia. Hypoalbuminemia is more likely to develop in patients of advanced age and those infected by specific highly virulent organisms. Also, our results highlight the close association between hypoalbuminemia and treatment outcomes.
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Comorbid chronic neuropathic pain and anxiety is a common disease that represents a major clinical challenge. The underlying mechanisms of chronic neuropathic pain and anxiety are not entirely understood, which limits the exploration of effective treatment methods. Glutamatergic neurons in the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) have been implicated in regulating pain, but the potential roles of the vlPAG in neuropathic pain-induced anxiety have not been investigated. Herein, whole-cell recording and immunofluorescence showed that the excitability of CamkIIα neurons in the vlPAG (vlPAGCamkIIα+ neurons) was decreased in mice with spared nerve injury (SNI), while electroacupuncture (EA) activated these neurons. We also showed that chemogenetic inhibition of vlPAGCamkIIα+ neurons resulted in allodynia and anxiety-like behaviors in naive mice. Furthermore, chemogenetic activation of vlPAGCamkIIα+ neurons reduced anxiety-like behaviors and allodynia in mice with SNI, and EA had a similar effect in alleviating these symptoms. Nevertheless, EA combined with chemogenetic activation failed to further relieve allodynia and anxiety-like behaviors. Artificial inhibition of vlPAGCamkIIα+ neurons abolished the analgesic and anxiolytic effects of EA. Overall, our study reveals a novel mechanism of neuropathic pain-induced anxiety and shows that EA may relieve comorbid chronic neuropathic pain and anxiety by activating vlPAGCamkIIα+ neurons.Significance Statement Neuropathic pain is clinically accompanied by anxiety. Both glutamatergic neurons in the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) and electroacupuncture (EA) have demonstrated analgesic properties. However, the efficacy of these interventions in addressing neuropathic pain and its concomitant anxiety has yet to be fully elucidated. In a mice model of spared nerve injury (SNI), we observed a decreased excitability of vlPAG CamkIIα neurons. Remarkably, EA treatment significantly enhanced the excitability of these neurons. Further, chemogenetic activation of vlPAGCamkIIα+ neurons not only resulted in analgesia but also mitigated anxiety-like behaviors in SNI mice, mirroring the effects observed with EA treatment. Conversely, inhibition of vlPAGCamkIIα+ neurons activity in naive mice reduced pain thresholds and induced anxiety-like behavior, while also negating the beneficial effects of EA. These findings provide novel insights into the mechanistic interplay between chronic neuropathic pain and anxiety, highlighting the therapeutic potential of targeting vlPAG glutamatergic neurons in these conditions.
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BACKGROUND: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a double-stranded DNA oncogenic virus. Several types of solid tumors, such as nasopharyngeal carcinoma, EBV-associated gastric carcinoma, and lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the lung, have been linked to EBV infection. Currently, several TCR-T-cell therapies for EBV-associated tumors are in clinical trials, but due to the suppressive immune microenvironment of solid tumors, the clinical application of TCR-T-cell therapy for EBV-associated solid tumors is limited. Figuring out the mechanism by which EBV participates in the formation of the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment will help T cells or TCR-T cells break through the limitation and exert stronger antitumor potential. METHODS: Flow cytometry was used for analyzing macrophage differentiation phenotypes induced by EBV-infected and EBV-uninfected tumors, as well as the function of T cells co-cultured with these macrophages. Xenograft model in mice was used to explore the effects of M2 macrophages, TCR-T cells, and matrix metalloprotein 9 (MMP9) inhibitors on the growth of EBV-infected tumors. RESULTS: EBV-positive tumors exhibited an exhaustion profile of T cells, despite the presence of a large T-cell infiltration. EBV-infected tumors recruited a large number of mononuclear macrophages with CCL5 and induced CD163+M2 macrophages polarization through the secretion of CSF1 and the promotion of autocrine IL10 production by mononuclear macrophages. Massive secretion of MMP9 by this group of CD163+M2 macrophages induced by EBV infection was an important factor contributing to T-cell exhaustion and TCR-T-cell therapy resistance in EBV-positive tumors, and the use of MMP9 inhibitors improved the function of T cells cocultured with M2 macrophages. Finally, the combination of an MMP9 inhibitor with TCR-T cells targeting EBV-positive tumors significantly inhibited the growth of xenografts in mice. CONCLUSIONS: MMP9 inhibitors improve TCR-T cell function suppressed by EBV-induced M2 macrophages. TCR-T-cell therapy combined with MMP9 inhibitors was an effective therapeutic strategy for EBV-positive solid tumors.
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Antígenos CD , Infecciones por Virus de Epstein-Barr , Herpesvirus Humano 4 , Macrófagos , Metaloproteinasa 9 de la Matriz , Receptores de Superficie Celular , Animales , Ratones , Humanos , Metaloproteinasa 9 de la Matriz/metabolismo , Macrófagos/inmunología , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Infecciones por Virus de Epstein-Barr/inmunología , Infecciones por Virus de Epstein-Barr/complicaciones , Infecciones por Virus de Epstein-Barr/virología , Receptores de Superficie Celular/metabolismo , Antígenos CD/metabolismo , Antígenos de Diferenciación Mielomonocítica/metabolismo , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfocitos T/metabolismo , Microambiente Tumoral , Línea Celular Tumoral , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de Xenoinjerto , Femenino , Linfocitos T/inmunología , Linfocitos T/metabolismo , Inmunoterapia Adoptiva/métodosRESUMEN
CO2 monitoring is important for carbon emission evaluation. Low-cost and medium-precision sensors (LCSs) have become an exploratory direction for CO2 observation under complex emission conditions in cities. Here, we used a calibration method that improved the accuracy of SenseAir K30 CO2 sensors from ±30 ppm to 0.7-4.0 ppm for a CO2-monitoring instrument named the SENSE-IAP, which has been used in several cities, such as in Beijing, Jinan, Fuzhou, Hangzhou, and Wuhan, in China since 2017. We conducted monthly to yearly synchronous observations using the SENSE-IAP along with reference instruments (Picarro) and standard gas to evaluate the performance of the LCSs for indoor use with relatively stable environments. The results show that the precision and accuracy of the SENSE-IAP compared to the standard gases were rather good in relatively stable indoor environments, with the short-term (daily scale) biases ranging from -0.9 to 0.2 ppm, the root mean square errors (RMSE) ranging from 0.7 to 1.6 ppm, the long-term (monthly scale) bias ranging from -1.6 to 0.5 ppm, and the RMSE ranging from 1.3 to 3.2 ppm. The accuracy of the synchronous observations with Picarro was in the same magnitude, with an RMSE of 2.0-3.0 ppm. According to our evaluation, standard instruments or reliable standard gases can be used as a reference to improve the accuracy of the SENSE-IAP. If calibrated daily using standard gases, the bias of the SENSE-IAP can be maintained within 1.0 ppm. If the standard gases are hard to access frequently, we recommend a calibration frequency of at least three months to maintain an accuracy within 3 ppm.
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Breast cancer is a prevalent ailment among women, and the inflammatory response plays a crucial role in the management and prediction of breast cancer (BRCA). However, the new subtypes based on inflammation in BRCA research are still undefined. The databases including The Cancer Genome Atlas and gene expression omnibus were utilized to gather clinical data and somatic mutation information for approximately 1069 BRCA patients. Through Consensus Clustering, novel subtypes linked to inflammation were identified. A comparative analysis was conducted on the prognosis, and immune cell infiltration, and somatic mutation of the new subtypes. Additionally, an investigation into drug therapy and immunotherapy was conducted to distinguish high-risk individuals from low-risk ones. The findings of this investigation proposed the categorization of BRCA into innovative subtypes predicated on the inflammatory response and 6 key genes were a meaningful approach. Specifically, the low-, medium-, and high-inflammation subtypes exhibited varying degrees of association with clinicopathological features, tumor microenvironment, and prognosis. Notably, the high-inflammation subtype was characterized by a strong correlation with immunosuppressive microenvironments and a higher frequency of somatic mutations, which was an indication of poorer health. This study revealed that a brand-new classification could throw new light on the effective prognosis. The integration of multiple key genes was a new characterization that could promote more immunotherapy strategies and contribute to predicting the efficacy of the chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Neoplasias de la Mama , Inflamación , Microambiente Tumoral , Humanos , Neoplasias de la Mama/genética , Neoplasias de la Mama/inmunología , Femenino , Inflamación/genética , Microambiente Tumoral/inmunología , Microambiente Tumoral/genética , Pronóstico , Mutación , Inmunoterapia/métodos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Biomarcadores de Tumor/genéticaRESUMEN
Probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) has a role in characterising tissue intraoperatively to guide tumour resection during surgery. To capture good quality pCLE data which is important for diagnosis, the probe-tissue contact needs to be maintained within a working range of micrometre scale. This can be achieved through micro-surgical robotic manipulation which requires the automatic estimation of the probe-tissue distance. In this paper, we propose a novel deep regression framework composed of the Deep Regression Generative Adversarial Network (DR-GAN) and a Sequence Attention (SA) module. The aim of DR-GAN is to train the network using an enhanced image-based supervision approach. It extents the standard generator by using a well-defined function for image generation, instead of a learnable decoder. Also, DR-GAN uses a novel learnable neural perceptual loss which combines for the first time spatial and frequency domain features. This effectively suppresses the adverse effects of noise in the pCLE data. To incorporate temporal information, we've designed the SA module which is a cross-attention module, enhanced with Radial Basis Function based encoding (SA-RBF). Furthermore, to train the regression framework, we designed a multi-step training mechanism. During inference, the trained network is used to generate data representations which are fused along time in the SA-RBF module to boost the regression stability. Our proposed network advances SOTA networks by addressing the challenge of excessive noise in the pCLE data and enhancing regression stability. It outperforms SOTA networks applied on the pCLE Regression dataset (PRD) in terms of accuracy, data quality and stability.
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Background: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) T790M mutation is the standard predictive biomarker for third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) treatment. While not all T790M-positive patients respond to third-generation EGFR-TKIs and have a good prognosis, it necessitates novel tools to supplement EGFR genotype detection for predicting efficacy and stratifying EGFR-mutant patients with various prognoses. Mixture-of-experts (MoE) is designed to disassemble a large model into many small models. Meanwhile, it is also a model ensembling method that can better capture multiple patterns of intrinsic subgroups of enrolled patients. Therefore, the combination of MoE and Cox algorithm has the potential to predict efficacy and stratify survival in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with EGFR mutations. Methods: We utilized the electronic medical record (EMR) and pharmacokinetic parameters of 326 T790M-mutated NSCLC patients, including 283 patients treated with Abivertinib in phase I (n=177, for training) and II (n=106, for validation) clinical trials and an additional validation cohort 2 comprising 43 patients treated with BPI-7711. Furthermore, 18 patients underwent whole-exome sequencing for biological interpretation of CoxMoE. We evaluated the predictive performance for therapeutic response using the area under the curve (AUC) and the Concordance index (C-index) for progression-free survival (PFS). Results: CoxMoE exhibited AUCs of 0.73-0.83 for predicting efficacy defined by best overall response (BoR) and achieved C-index values of 0.64-0.65 for PFS prediction in training and validating cohorts. The PFS of 198 patients with a low risk [median, 6.0 (range, 1.0-23.3) months in the abivertinib treated cohort; median 16.5 (range, 1.4-27.4) months in BPI-7711 treated cohort] of being non-responder increased by 43% [hazard ratio (HR), 0.56; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.40-0.78; P=0.0013] and 50% (HR, 0; 95% CI, 0-0; P=0.01) compared to those at high-risk [median, 4.2 (range, 1.0-35) months in the abivertinib treated cohort; median, 11.0 (range, 1.4-25.1) months in BPI-7711 treated cohort]. Additionally, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), creatinine clearance (Ccr), monocyte, and steady-state plasma trough concentration utilited to construct model were found significantly associated with drug resistance and aggressive tumor pathways. A robust correlation was observed between APTT and Ccr with PFS (log-rank test; P<0.01) and treatment response (Wilcoxon test; P<0.05), respectively. Conclusions: CoxMoE offers a valuable approach for patient selection by forecasting therapeutic response and PFS utilizing laboratory tests and pharmacokinetic parameters in the setting of early-phase clinical trials. Simultaneously, CoxMoE could predict the efficacy of third-generation EGFR-TKI non-invasively for T790M-positive NSCLC patients, thereby complementing existing EGFR genotype detection.
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ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Hai-Honghua medicinal liquor (HHML), an external Chinese herbal formula preparation, is often applied to treat freshly closed tibia/fibular fractures, ankle fractures, and other bone-related disorders, but the related molecular mechanism is unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY: To evaluate the therapeutic effect of HHML in patients with tibial/fibular and ankle fractures, and to explore its related possible mechanism. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A total of 182 patients with tibia/fibular fractures and 183 patients with ankle fractures were enrolled in this study. A randomized, controlled, unblinded clinical trial was designed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of HHML on tibial/fibular and ankle fractures. The chemical compositions of HHML were analyzed by the HPLC-Q-Extractive MS/MS. Furthermore, a rat tibial fracture model was established to evaluate the therapeutic effects of HHML in promoting fracture healing, and the mouse embryonic osteoblasts cell line of MC3T3-E1 was further carried out to explore the mechanisms of HHML on osteoblast differentiation. RESULTS: In the clinical evaluation, HHML treatment significantly shortened the time for pain and swelling in patients with tibial/fibular fractures (P < 0.01) and ankle fractures (P < 0.01), and the incidence of complications was significantly reduced as well. Subsequently, 116 constituents were identified from HHML via HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS analysis. In vivo, no obvious changes in weight were observed in HHML-treated rats. Moreover, the levels of bone formation markers (including osteocalcin (OCN), N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PINP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), calcium (Ca) and substance P) in rat serum were significantly increased in HHML-treated rats compared with model rats (P < 0.05). Micro-CT analysis showed bone mineral density (BMD), bone volume fraction (BV/TV), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) of the HHML-treated rats were significantly increased (P < 0.05, vs. Model) while trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) and structure model index (SMI) values were significantly reduced (P < 0.05, vs. Model). Histological analysis showed that HHML treatment promoted the healing of fractures and cartilage repair, and increased the osteoblasts and collagen fibers. Furthermore, our results also revealed HHML could promote MC3T3-E1 cells proliferation and osteoblast differentiation via regulation of the runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP), and OCN by activating phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) pathway, which confirmed by adding PI3K chemical inhibitor of LY294002. CONCLUSION: HHML treatment is a reliable remedy for fractures in tibial and ankle by promotion of osteogenic differentiation via activation of PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Diferenciación Celular , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Osteoblastos , Osteogénesis , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Animales , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/farmacología , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/metabolismo , Masculino , Osteogénesis/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Ratones , Diferenciación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto , Ratas , Osteoblastos/efectos de los fármacos , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Curación de Fractura/efectos de los fármacos , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/metabolismo , Fracturas Óseas/tratamiento farmacológico , Anciano , Adulto Joven , Modelos Animales de EnfermedadRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) enables visualization of cellular tissue morphology during surgical procedures. To capture high-quality pCLE images during tissue scanning, it is important to maintain close contact between the probe and the tissue, while also keeping the probe perpendicular to the tissue surface. Existing robotic pCLE tissue scanning systems, which rely on macroscopic vision, struggle to accurately place the probe at the optimal position on the tissue surface. As a result, the need arises for regression of longitudinal distance and orientation via endomicroscopic vision. METHOD: This paper introduces a novel method for automatically regressing the orientation between a pCLE probe and the tissue surface during robotic scanning, utilizing the fast Fourier vision transformer (FF-ViT) to extract local frequency representations and use them for probe orientation regression. Additionally, the FF-ViT incorporates a blur mapping attention (BMA) module to refine latent representations, which is combined with the pyramid angle regressor (PAR) to precisely estimate probe orientation. RESULT: A first of its kind dataset for pCLE probe-tissue orientation (pCLE-PTO) has been created. The performance evaluation demonstrates that our proposed network surpasses other top regression networks in accuracy, stability, and generalizability, while maintaining low computational complexity (1.8G FLOPs) and high inference speed (90 fps). CONCLUSION: The performance evaluation study verifies the clinical value of the proposed framework and its potential to be integrated into surgical robotic platforms for intraoperative tissue scanning.
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Microscopía Confocal , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Robotizados , Microscopía Confocal/métodos , Humanos , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Robotizados/métodos , Análisis de Fourier , Endoscopía/métodosRESUMEN
Generalizable and accurate stereo depth estimation is vital for 3D reconstruction, especially in surgery. Supervised learning methods obtain best performance however, limited ground truth data for surgical scenes limits generalizability. Self-supervised methods don't need ground truth, but suffer from scale ambiguity and incorrect disparity prediction due to inconsistency of photometric loss. This work proposes a two-phase training procedure that is generalizable and retains the high performance of supervised methods. It entails: (1) performing self-supervised representation learning of left and right views via masked image modelling (MIM) to learn generalizable semantic stereo features (2) utilizing the MIM pre-trained model to learn robust depth representation via supervised learning for disparity estimation on synthetic data only. To improve stereo representations learnt via MIM, perceptual loss terms are introduced, which improve the model's stereo representations learnt by explicitly encouraging the learning of higher scene-level features. Qualitative and quantitative performance evaluation on surgical and natural scenes shows that the approach achieves sub-millimetre accuracy and lowest errors respectively, setting a new state-of-the-art. Despite not training on surgical nor natural scene data for disparity estimation.
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Imidacloprid enters the water environment through rainfall and causes harm to aquatic crustaceans. However, the potential chronic toxicity mechanism of imidacloprid in crayfish has not been comprehensively studied. In this study, red claw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) were exposed to 11.76, 35.27, or 88.17 µg/L imidacloprid for 30 days, and changes in the physiology and biochemistry, gut microbiota, and transcriptome of C. quadricarinatus and the interaction between imidacloprid, gut microbiota, and genes were studied. Imidacloprid induced oxidative stress and decreased growth performance in crayfish. Imidacloprid exposure caused hepatopancreas damage and decreased serum immune enzyme activity. Hepatopancreatic and plasma acetylcholine decreased significantly in the 88.17 µg/L group. Imidacloprid reduced the diversity of the intestinal flora, increased the abundance of harmful flora, and disrupted the microbiota function. Transcriptomic analysis showed that the number of up-and-down-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) increased significantly with increasing concentrations of imidacloprid. DEG enrichment analyses indicated that imidacloprid inhibits neurotransmitter transduction and immune responses and disrupts energy metabolic processes. Crayfish could alleviate imidacloprid stress by regulating antioxidant and detoxification-related genes. A high correlation was revealed between GST, HSPA1s, and HSP90 and the composition of gut microorganisms in crayfish under imidacloprid stress. This study highlights the negative effects and provides detailed sequencing data from transcriptome and gut microbiota to enhance our understanding of the molecular toxicity of imidacloprid in crustaceans.
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Astacoidea , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Neonicotinoides , Nitrocompuestos , Transcriptoma , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Animales , Neonicotinoides/toxicidad , Astacoidea/efectos de los fármacos , Astacoidea/genética , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Nitrocompuestos/toxicidad , Transcriptoma/efectos de los fármacos , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/toxicidad , Insecticidas/toxicidad , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Hepatopáncreas/efectos de los fármacos , Hepatopáncreas/metabolismoRESUMEN
The applications of self-assembled InAs/GaAs quantum dots (QDs) for lasers and single photon sources strongly rely on their density and quality. Establishing the process parameters in molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) for a specific density of QDs is a multidimensional optimization challenge, usually addressed through time-consuming and iterative trial-and-error. Here, we report a real-time feedback control method to realize the growth of QDs with arbitrary density, which is fully automated and intelligent. We develop a machine learning (ML) model named 3D ResNet 50 trained using reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) videos as input instead of static images and providing real-time feedback on surface morphologies for process control. As a result, we demonstrate that ML from previous growth could predict the post-growth density of QDs, by successfully tuning the QD densities in near-real time from 1.5 × 1010 cm-2 down to 3.8 × 108 cm-2 or up to 1.4 × 1011 cm-2. Compared to traditional methods, our approach can dramatically expedite the optimization process and improve the reproducibility of MBE. The concepts and methodologies proved feasible in this work are promising to be applied to a variety of material growth processes, which will revolutionize semiconductor manufacturing for optoelectronic and microelectronic industries.
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BACKGROUND: Deep neuromuscular block (NMB) has been shown to improve surgical conditions and alleviate post-operative pain in bariatric surgery compared with moderate NMB. We hypothesized that deep NMB could also improve the quality of early recovery after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). METHODS: Eighty patients were randomized to receive either deep (post-tetanic count 1-3) or moderate (train-of-four count 1-3) NMB. The QoR-15 questionnaire was used to evaluate the quality of early recovery at 1 day before surgery (T0), 24 and 48 h after surgery (T2, T3). Additionally, we recorded diaphragm excursion (DE), postoperative pain, surgical condition, cumulative dose of analgesics, time of first flatus and ambulation, post-operative nausea and vomiting, time of tracheal tube removal and hospitalization time. MAIN RESULTS: The quality of recovery was significantly better 24 h after surgery in patients who received a deep versus moderate block (114.4 ± 12.9 versus 102.1 ± 18.1). Diaphragm excursion was significantly greater in the deep NMB group when patients performed maximal inspiration at T2 and T3 (P < 0.05). Patients who underwent deep NMB reported lower visceral pain scores 40 min after surgery; additionally, these patients experienced lower pain during movement at T3 (P < 0.05). Optimal surgical conditions were rated in 87.5% and 64.6% of all measurements during deep and moderate NMB respectively (P < 0.001). The time to tracheal tube removal was significantly longer in the deep NMB group (P = 0.001). There were no differences in other outcomes. CONCLUSION: In obese patients receiving deep NMB during LSG, we observed improved QoR-15 scores, greater diaphragmatic excursions, improved surgical conditions, and visceral pain scores were lower. More evidence is needed to determine the effects of deep NMB on these outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ChiCTR2200065919. Date of retrospectively registered: 18/11/2022.
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Laparoscopía , Bloqueo Neuromuscular , Enfermedades Neuromusculares , Dolor Visceral , Humanos , Obesidad , Dolor Postoperatorio/tratamiento farmacológico , GastrectomíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a serious complication after total joint arthroplasty (TJA). Although some risk factors of PJI were well studied, the association between trauma and PJI remains unknown in revision patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 2015 and 2018, a total of 71 patients with trauma history before revisions (trauma cohort) were propensity score matched (PSM) at a ratio of 1 to 5 with a control cohort of revision patients without a history of trauma. Then, the cumulative incidence rate of PJI within 3 years after operation between the two groups was compared. The secondary endpoints were aseptic revisions within 3 postoperative years, complications up to 30 postoperative days, and readmission up to 90 days. During a minimal 3-year follow-up, the survival was comparatively analyzed between the trauma cohort and the control cohort. RESULTS: The cumulative incidence of PJI was 40.85% in patients with trauma history against 27.04% in the controls (P = 0.02). Correspondingly, the cumulative incidence of aseptic re-revisions was 12.68% in patients with trauma history compared with 5.07% in the control cohort (P = 0.028). Cox regression revealed that trauma history was a risk factor of PJI (HR, 1.533 [95%CI, (1.019,2.306)]; P = 0.04) and aseptic re-revisions (HR, 3.285 [95%CI, (1.790,6.028)]; P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated that revision patients with trauma history carried a higher risk of PJI compared to those without trauma history. Moreover, after revisions, the trauma patients were still at higher risk for treatment failure due to PJI, periprosthetic joint fracture, and mechanical complications.
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Background: The immune response associated with periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is an emerging but relatively unexplored topic. The aim of this study was to investigate immune cell infiltration in periprosthetic tissues and identify potential immune-related biomarkers. Methods: The GSE7103 dataset from the GEO database was selected as the data source. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and significant modular genes in weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) were identified. Functional enrichment analysis and transcription factor prediction were performed on the overlapping genes. Next, immune-related genes from the ImmPort database were matched. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis was performed to identify hub genes. CIBERSORTx was used to evaluate the immune cell infiltration pattern. Spearman correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between hub genes and immune cells. Results: A total of 667 DEGs were identified between PJI and control samples, and 1847 PJI-related module genes were obtained in WGCNA. Enrichment analysis revealed that the common genes were mainly enriched in immune and host defense-related terms. TFEC, SPI1, and TWIST2 were the top three transcription factors. Three hub genes, SDC1, MMP9, and IGF1, were identified in the immune-related PPI network. Higher levels of plasma cells, CD4+ memory resting T cells, follicular helper T cells, resting mast cells, and neutrophils were found in the PJI group, while levels of M0 macrophages were lower. Notably, the expression of all three hub genes correlated with the infiltration levels of seven types of immune cells. Conclusion: The present study revealed immune infiltration signatures in the periprosthetic tissues of PJI patients. SDC1, MMP9, and IGF1 were potential immune-related biomarkers for PJI.
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Histone modifications maintain genomic stability and orchestrate gene expression at the chromatin level. Benzo [a]pyrene (BaP) is the ubiquitous carcinogen widely spread in the environment, but the role and regulatory mechanism of histone modification in its toxic effects remain largely undefined. In this study, we found a dose-dependent reduction of histone H3 methylations at lysine4, lysine9, lysine27, lysine36 in HBE cells treated with BaP. We observed that inhibiting H3K27 and H3K36 methylation impaired cell proliferation, whereas the loss of H3K4, H3K9, H3K27, and H3K36 methylation led to increased genomic instability and delayed DNA repair. H3K36 mutation at both H3.1 and H3.3 exhibited the most significant impacts. In addition, we found that the expression of SET domain containing 2 (SETD2), the unique methyltransferase catalyzed H3K36me3, was downregulated by BaP dose-dependently in vitro and in vivo. Knockdown of SETD2 aggravated DNA damage of BaP exposure, which was consistent with the effects of H3K36 mutation. With the aid of chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) -seq and RNA-seq, we found that H3K36me3 was responsible for transcriptional regulation of genes involved in pathways related to cell survival, lung cancer, metabolism and inflammation. The enhanced enrichment of H3K36me3 in genes (CYP1A1, ALDH1A3, ACOXL, WNT5A, WNT7A, RUNX2, IL1R2) was positively correlated with their expression levels, while the reduction of H3K36me3 distribution in genes (PPARGC1A, PDE4D, GAS1, RNF19A, KSR1) were in accordance with the downregulation of gene expression. Taken together, our findings emphasize the critical roles and mechanisms of histone lysine methylation in mediating cellular homeostasis during BaP exposure.
Asunto(s)
Benzo(a)pireno , Histonas , Humanos , Histonas/metabolismo , Benzo(a)pireno/toxicidad , Metilación , Inestabilidad Genómica , Células Epiteliales/metabolismo , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligasas/genética , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligasas/metabolismoRESUMEN
Space-based gravitational wave detection missions use multiple satellites to form a very large scale Michelson laser interferometer in space. This requires extremely high precision displacement measurements at the picometer level between test masses even millions of kilometers apart. Drag-free control is a key technology to ensure the ultra-static and ultra-stable space experiment platform for space-based gravitational wave detection. This paper proposes an innovative ground simulation scheme for drag-free control principle based on the Stewart platform. The kinematics and dynamics modeling of the Stewart platform used in the experiment is presented. A drag-free ground simulation experimental equipment is designed and built. A two-degree-of-freedom (2-DOF) drag-free controller is designed based on the H∞ loop shaping algorithm which outperforms a PID controller in Simulink simulation. A semi-physical simulation experiment is conducted to verify the controller designed using rapid control prototyping technology. The experimental results show that the control performance reaches the limit accuracy of the hardware device, thus verifying the effectiveness of the drag-free control algorithm.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Mediastinitis and sternal osteitis are critical complications in cardiac surgery. Cases of these complications caused by Mycoplasma hominis are extremely rare. CASE PRESENTATION: We present a case of mediastinitis and sternal osteitis caused by M. hominis infection following ascending aortic replacement surgery. Whole gene sequencing analysis suggested the genitourinary tract as the most likely source of this M. hominis infection. Successful infection control was achieved through a regimen of moxifloxacin treatment. Additionally, a notable correlation was observed between serum levels of interleukin-6 and M. hominis infection. CONCLUSIONS: The significance of M. hominis as a potential cause of postoperative infection in cardiac surgery is still not fully recognized. Special attention should be paid to patients with bacteriologically negative infections, as M. hominis should not be disregarded, despite its rarity.