Inositol Inclusion Affects Growth, Body Composition, Antioxidant Performance, and Lipid Metabolism of Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides).

The present study explored the effects of inositol on growth performance, body composition, antioxidant performance, and lipid metabolism of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Six isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets containing 0 mg/kg (G1, control), 125 mg/kg (G2), 250 mg/kg (G3), 375 mg/kg (G4), 500 mg/kg (G5), and 625 mg/kg (G6) inositol were prepared and fed to cultured fish (initial weight: 110 ± 1 g) for 8 weeks in recirculating the aquaculture systems. The results indicated that compared with G1 group, the weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), and feed efficiency rate (FER) in the G3 group were significantly higher. The crude lipid content of the whole fish and the liver of cultured fish was significantly reduced with increasing dietary inositol inclusion. However, no significant effects on moisture, crude protein, and ash contents of fish were observed among the different groups. Dietary inositol supplementation significantly increased muscular crude protein. However, muscular total lipid contents were decreased when the inclusion level was higher than 250 mg/kg (G3-G6 groups). As dietary inositol supplemental level increased, serum triglyceride (TG), and cholesterol (TC) contents showed an increasing trend and reached the maximum value in the G3 group. Additionally, serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in G2, G3, G4, and G5 groups was significantly upregulated by increasing inositol. While, there was no significant change in serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) among the treatments. Inositol inclusion also significantly reduced the serum alkaline phosphatase (AKP), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT), and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (AST) activities as well as serum malondialdehyde (MDA) content but significantly increased serum catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC). Compared with the control group, the activities of hepatic total lipase (TL) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) were significantly elevated in the G3, G4, and G5 groups. Above all, dietary inositol supplementation could improve growth performance and antioxidant capacity, and reduce the liver fat content of largemouth bass, and the optimal supplementation level of inositol in feed is estimated to be 250.31-267.27 mg/kg.

Trps1 acts as a regulator of Sf-1 transcription and testosterone synthesis in mouse Leydig cells.

Infertility has attracted global concern, and disruption of testosterone is a common cause of male infertility. Exploring the critical factors in testosterone biosynthesis may provide new insights for disease research and clinical therapy. Research on trichorhinophalangeal syndrome-1 (Trps1) gene has recently been focus on cancers; it is yet unknown whether Trps1 produces a marked effect in the male reproductive system. In the current study, single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of trichorhinophalangeal syndrome-1 gene (Trps1) expression in mouse testes and cleavage under targets and tagmentation and RNA sequencing were utilized to investigate the functionality of Trps1 in mouse Leydig cells. Knockdown of Trps1 increased testosterone synthesis in vitro and vivo using adeno-associated viral delivery and conditional knockout models. The results showed that Trps1 was abundantly expressed in Leydig cells. The expression levels of both steroidogenic factor-1 (Sf-1) and steroidogenic enzymes (Cyp11a1, Hsd3b, Cyp17a1, and Hsd17b3) as well as testosterone secretion were increased after Trps1 deficiency in vivo and vitro. Furthermore, disruption of Trps1 reduced histone deacetylase 1/2 activity and increased histone H3 acetylation in the Sf-1 promoter, thereby promoting testosterone secretion. Interestingly, Sf-1 also regulated the transcription of Trps1 through activating transcription factor 2. These results indicate that Trps1 targets Sf-1 to affect steroidogenesis through histone acetylation and shed light on the critical role of Trps1 functioning in the mouse Leydig cells.

Hydrogel Combined with Phototherapy in Wound Healing.

Wound healing is a complex biological process that involves tissue regeneration. Traditional wound dressings are dry, cannot provide a moist environment for wound healing, and do not have high antibacterial properties. Hydrogels, which are capable of retaining large amounts of water, can create a moist healing environment. Currently, phototherapies have exhibited a high potential for the treatment of bacterial infections. Therefore, combining hydrogels with phototherapy can adequately overcome the shortcomings of traditional wound treatment methods and show great potential for wound healing owing to their high efficiency, low irritation, and good antibacterial performance. In this review, the application of hydrogels combined with phototherapy in wound healing is summarized. First, the basic principles of photodynamic therapy and photothermal therapy are briefly introduced. In addition, the progress of the application of hydrogel combined with phototherapy in wound healing is systematically investigated. Finally, the challenges and prospects of combining hydrogel with phototherapy in wound healing are discussed.

Accuracy of virtual surgical planning-assisted management for maxillary hypoplasia in adult patients with cleft lip and palate.

PURPOSE: Management of maxillary hypoplasia in patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP) remains a significant clinical challenge. The objective of this retrospective study is to evaluate the accuracy of virtual surgical planning (VSP) with different maxillary advancement techniques. METHODS: Ninety adult patients with cleft-related maxillary hypoplasia between April 2010 and April 2016 were enrolled in our study. Various surgical techniques including conventional orthognathic surgery, total maxillary distraction osteogenesis, and anterior maxillary segmental distraction were used according to the characteristics of patients. All the cases were aided with VSP and three-dimensional (3D)-printed surgical splints. The virtual surgical plan was compared with the postoperative surgical results by analyzing the positions of several landmarks and planes relative to reference planes. RESULTS: Both the profile and occlusion were improved significantly in all the cases. VSP was successfully transferred to actual surgery with the help of 3D-printed surgical splints in different surgical techniques. CONCLUSION: Management of cleft-related maxillary hypoplasia requires both comprehensive surgical planning and accurate execution. VSP serves as a viable alternative to conventional model surgery with high accuracy in patients with adult CLP.

The Role of Hyaluronidase for the Skin Necrosis Caused by Hyaluronic Acid Injection-Induced Embolism: A Rabbit Auricular Model Study.

BACKGROUND: Skin necrosis is considered the most serious complication of hyaluronic acid dermal filler injection procedures. To effectively treat skin necrosis, hyaluronidase injection is one of the essential preventative treatments, and yet optimal complication management remains an unmet need. Therefore, this paper investigates the effects of hyaluronidase injection timing on the treatment of skin necrosis. METHODS: In an in vitro experiment, the carbazole method was used to determine the degradation time of hyaluronic acid gels in a large volume of hyaluronidase. In vivo experimental rabbit ear models were developed to simulate the skin necrosis caused by hyaluronic acid and the test animals distributed into five groups. Except one control group, the other four groups were injected with a large volume of hyaluronidase as treatment at 2 h, 4 h, 8 h and 16 h, respectively, after models were built. The necrosis degree of models was analyzed with necrotic area and histologic examination on the postoperative 7th day. Besides, temperatures of rabbit ears were observed to demonstrate the healing process of flap models. RESULTS: The average necrotic area of flaps in the 2-h and 4-h injection groups showed a significant difference compared with that of the control group (p < 0.05; p < 0.05). The histologic examination showed that there were HA embolisms, vascular thrombolytic recanalization and arteriovenous thromboses in the survival area. In addition, the mean temperatures of the rabbit ear flaps fluctuated over time and showed clear differences between distal and proximal parts. CONCLUSIONS: The area of flap necrosis positively correlates with injection timing of the large volume of hyaluronidase. More importantly, when injection timing is within 4 h, treatment effectiveness will be significantly improved. NO LEVEL ASSIGNED: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Cu(II)Gly2HisGly oxidation by H2O2/ascorbic acid to the CuIII complex and its subsequent decay to alkene peptides.

Protonation and stability constants for Gly2HisGly and its Cu(II) complexes (beta(mhl)), determined at 25.0 degrees C and mu = 0.10 M (NaClO(4)), have values of log beta(011) = 7.90, log beta(021) = 14.51, log beta(031) = 17.55, log beta(101) = 7.82, log beta(1-21) = -0.80, and log beta(1-31) = -12.7 (where the subscripts refer to the number of metal ions, protons, and ligands, respectively). The reaction of CuII(H(-2)Gly(2)HisGly)- with l-ascorbic acid and H(2)O(2) at p[H(+)] 6.6 rapidly generates Cu(III)(H(-2)Gly(2)HisGly) with lambda(max) at 260 and 396 nm, which is separated chromatographically. The Cu(III) complex decomposes to give alkene peptide isomers of glycylglycyl-alpha,beta-dehydrohistidylglycine that are separated chromatographically and characterized. These alkene peptide species are present as geometric isomers with imidazole tautomers that have distinct spectral and chemical characteristics. The proposed major isomeric form (94%), Z-N(tau)-H, has a hydrogen on the tau nitrogen of the imidazole ring and three conjugated double bonds. It has absorption bands at 295 and 360 nm at p[H+] 6.6 in the absence of copper. The proposed minor isomeric form (6%) is E-N(pi)-H with a hydrogen on the pi nitrogen of the imidazole ring. This isomer has four conjugated double bonds and strongly binds Cu(II) to give a complex with intense absorption bands at 434 and 460 nm.