Rhubarb Peony Decoction Downregulates the Expression of c-Fos after Intestinal Epithelial Cells Hypoxia-reoxygenation Injury.

BACKGROUND: Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury occurs in several clinical situations and after intestinal transplantation. This study aimed to examine the role of rhubarb peony decoction (RPD) in intestinal I/R injury. METHODS: Different concentrations of RPD were set to treat IEC-6 and Caco-2 cells. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were measured by CCK-8 and flow cytometry assays. High-throughput transcriptome sequencing was performed on IEC-6 cells treated with hypoxia-reoxygenation (HR) or HR and RPD. RESULTS: RPD treatment significantly promoted the proliferation of IEC-6 and Caco-2 cells and inhibited apoptosis. Sequencing results identified 109 significantly up-regulated genes and 36 significantly down-regulated genes in the RPD group. In addition, the results of western blot suggested that HR induced the expression of c-Fos, and the treatment of RPD prevented the HR-induced c- Fos expression. Importantly, knockdown of c-Fos rescued the HR-inhibited cell proliferation and HR-induced apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, RPD was beneficial in protecting the survival of intestinal epithelial cells under HR stress. Furthermore, the increase in c-Fos expression after HR stress was closely related to the proliferation and apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells.

Venous malformations with severe localized intravascular coagulopathy treated with microwave ablation.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the safety and feasibility of microwave ablation for treating venous malformations (VMs) with severe localized intravascular coagulopathy (LIC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Data for patients with the diagnosis of VMs coupled with severe LIC who underwent color Doppler-guided microwave dynamic ablation between January 2017 and June 2019 were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. All patients had previously received sclerotherapy or other treatments with poor outcomes and gradual aggravation of coagulation abnormalities. Microwave treatment with "dynamic ablation" was performed with real-time color Doppler monitoring and was repeated if necessary after 3 months. Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) was used to control consumptive coagulopathy. The therapeutic efficacy including coagulation function and lesion size was evaluated using the four-level scale developed by Achauer. RESULTS: Among 15 patients with extensive diffuse or multiple VMs, 10 patients presented with lesions in a single lower extremity, one in both lower extremities and the perineum, one in both upper extremities and the trunk, and three with multiple lesions. The patients underwent a total of 74 microwave ablation sessions, with an average of 4.9 sessions per person. Coagulation abnormalities were temporarily aggravated in 59 sessions within the first seven days post-ablation but improved to grade II (fair) a week later. From six months to three years after the ablation, the lesions improved to grade IV (excellent) in one patient, grade III (good) in six patients, and grade II (fair) in eight patients. Moreover, the coagulation function improved to grade IV in four patients, grade III in eight patients, and grade II in three patients, resulting in an efficiency rate of 80% (12/15). Post-ablation complications included fever, hemoglobinuria, and elevations in aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and alanine aminotransferase. The patients with fever and hemoglobinuria recovered after specific therapeutic measures, but elevations in aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and alanine aminotransferase recovered spontaneously without further interventions. CONCLUSIONS: Ablation coupled with anticoagulation can effectively treat VMs in patients with severe LIC and improve the long-term coagulation function.

Network of Interactions Between Gut Microbiome, Host Biomarkers, and Urine Metabolome in Carotid Atherosclerosis.

Comprehensive analyses of multi-omics data may provide insights into interactions between different biological layers concerning distinct clinical features. We integrated data on the gut microbiota, blood parameters and urine metabolites of treatment-naive individuals presenting a wide range of metabolic disease phenotypes to delineate clinically meaningful associations. Trans-omics correlation networks revealed that candidate gut microbial biomarkers and urine metabolite feature were covaried with distinct clinical phenotypes. Integration of the gut microbiome, the urine metabolome and the phenome revealed that variations in one of these three systems correlated with changes in the other two. In a specific note about clinical parameters of liver function, we identified Eubacteriumeligens, Faecalibacteriumprausnitzii and Ruminococcuslactaris to be associated with a healthy liver function, whereas Clostridium bolteae, Tyzzerellanexills, Ruminococcusgnavus, Blautiahansenii, and Atopobiumparvulum were associated with blood biomarkers for liver diseases. Variations in these microbiota features paralleled changes in specific urine metabolites. Network modeling yielded two core clusters including one large gut microbe-urine metabolite close-knit cluster and one triangular cluster composed of a gut microbe-blood-urine network, demonstrating close inter-system crosstalk especially between the gut microbiome and the urine metabolome. Distinct clinical phenotypes are manifested in both the gut microbiome and the urine metabolome, and inter-domain connectivity takes the form of high-dimensional networks. Such networks may further our understanding of complex biological systems, and may provide a basis for identifying biomarkers for diseases. Deciphering the complexity of human physiology and disease requires a holistic and trans-omics approach integrating multi-layer data sets, including the gut microbiome and profiles of biological fluids. By studying the gut microbiome on carotid atherosclerosis, we identified microbial features associated with clinical parameters, and we observed that groups of urine metabolites correlated with groups of clinical parameters. Combining the three data sets, we revealed correlations of entities across the three systems, suggesting that physiological changes are reflected in each of the omics. Our findings provided insights into the interactive network between the gut microbiome, blood clinical parameters and the urine metabolome concerning physiological variations, and showed the promise of trans-omics study for biomarker discovery.

Analysis of 18 complex diffuse arteriovenous malformation cases treated with percutaneous radiofrequency ablation.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the short-term efficacy and feasibility of radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of complex diffuse arteriovenous (AV) malformations. METHODS: The data of 18 patients (8 male and 10 female) with complex AV malformations treated between December 2014 and June 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. The lesion area was 10 × 7 cm ~ 28 × 30 cm. Under duplex ultrasound guidance, the site with the most abundant blood flow signals in the lesion was percutaneously punctured with the radiofrequency ablation needle (electrode). The impedance automatic adjustment mode was adopted, and ablation was monitored usingduplex ultrasoundduring the entire process. RESULTS: Of the included patients, 1 had a high fever after two rounds of treatment, 2 had transient hemoglobinuria, and 1 had tissue necrosis in the original ruptured tumor area as well as a penetrating defect in the cheek, which was repaired with a pedicled trapezius myocutaneous flap. In 9 patients who experienced bleeding, the bleeding stopped after one round of treatment. During the follow-up period of 1-5 years, there were 0 grade I (poor) cases, 0 grade II (medium) cases, 7 grade III (good) cases, and 11 grade IV (excellent) cases. CONCLUSION: The "high power and continuous" radiofrequency ablation technique conducted under real-time duplex ultrasoundmonitoring can completely destroy the deep core lesions of AV malformations and effectively control life-threatening massive hemorrhage; it is an effective alternative treatment method for complex diffuse AV malformations in which interventional embolization, sclerotherapy, and surgery are ineffective.

Assessing inflammation in Chinese subjects with subtypes of heart failure: an observational study of the Chinese PLA Hospital Heart Failure Registry.

BACKGROUND: Inflammation is an important element of the pathophysiological process of heart failure (HF) and is correlated with subtypes of HF. The association between multiple biomarkers of inflammation and HF subtypes in Chinese subjects remains unclear. This study aimed to compare the differences in inflammation biomarkers among Chinese patients with different subtypes of HF who have been identified to date. METHODS: We included 413 consecutive patients with HF, including 262 with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), 55 with middle-ranged ejection fraction (HFmrEF) and 96 with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Ten inflammation biomarkers were analyzed and compared according to the HF subtypes. One hundred contemporary non-HF subjects were also recruited as the control group. Moreover, the correlations between the inflammatory biomarkers and left ventricular ejection fraction of the HF subtypes were assessed. RESULTS: The mean age of the HF patients was 65.0 ± 12.0 years, 65.8% were male. Distinct subtypes of HF demonstrated different inflammation biomarker panels. IL-6, PTX-3, ANGPTL-4 and TNF-α were correlated with HFrEF; IL-1ß and PTX-3 were correlated with HFmrEF; and IL-1ß and IL-6 were correlated with HFpEF. The multivariable logistic regression showed that IL-1ß [relative ratio (RR) = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.02-1.15, P = 0.010], IL-6 (RR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01-1.06, P = 0.016), PTX-3 (RR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.11-1.55, P = 0.001), and ANGPTL-4 (RR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.02-1.07, P < 0.001) were independently associated with HF, while IL-6 (RR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01-1.04, P = 0.019), PTX-3 (RR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.06-1.43, P = 0.007), and ANGPTL-4 (RR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01-1.06, P = 0.005) were independently associated with the HF subtype. CONCLUSIONS: Diverse inflammation biomarkers have multifaceted presentations according to the subtype of HF, which may illustrate the diverse mechanisms of inflammation in Chinese HF patients. IL-6, PTX-3, and ANGPTL-4 were independent inflammation factors associated with HFrEF and HF.

Repeated measurement of growth-differentiation factor-15 in Chinese Han patients with post-myocardial infarction chronic heart failure.

BACKGROUND: Growth-differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is a promising prognostic biomarker in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Comparatively little is known about the value of repeated measurement of GDF-15 with CHF in Chinese Han population. This study sought to identify the clinical value of repeated measurement of GDF-15 in Chinese Han patients with post-myocardial infarction CHF. METHODS: In total, 232 consecutive Chinese Han patients with post-myocardial infarction CHF were enrolled prospectively from January 2014 to June 2016.The plasma concentration of GDF-15 was determined on admission and over 12 months. Patients were followed up for all-cause death and a composite outcome of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) included all-cause death, myocardial infarction and first heart failure (HF) re-hospitalization. Association with other clinical variables and adverse outcomes of repeated measurement of GDF-15 was explored. RESULTS: The median baseline GDF-15 level was 2025 ng/L. Baseline GDF-15 was moderately associated with baseline N-terminal pro-B type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) (coefficient 0.561, P < 0.001). During a median follow-up of 20 months, there were 53 deaths and 100MACE. GDF-15 remained an independent predictor of all-cause death (adjusted hazard ratio 1.826 per 1 Ln U, 95% CI: 1.037-8.360; P = 0.037) and MACE (adjusted hazard ratio 2.243 per 1 Ln U, 95% CI: 1.181-1.775; P < 0.001) adjusted for established risk factors. Repeated measurement of GDF-15 was performed in 173 survivals over 12months. Increase of GDF-15 over 12 months was associated with dilatation of left ventricle and acted as an independent predictor of subsequent all-cause death (adjusted HR = 3.164, 95% CI: 1.245-0.041; P = 0.015). In the joint model, GDF-15 was also shown to be a risk factor for all-cause death (HR = 2.749, 95% CI: 1.667-3.831; P < 0.001) and MACE (HR = 2.434, 95% CI: 1.425-3.443; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Repeated measurements of GDF-15 have promising prognostic value of the risk of all-cause death in Chinese Han patients with CHF post-myocardial infarction. GDF-15 may influence the post-myocardial infarction CHF through the path physiological pathway of myocardial remodeling.