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1.
J Colloid Interface Sci ; 674: 353-360, 2024 Jun 24.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38941929

RESUMEN

Electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR) offers a cost-effective and environmentally friendly method to simultaneously yield valuable NH3and alleviate NO3-pollution under mild operating conditions.However, this complicated eight-electron reaction suffers from low selectivity and Faradaic efficiency, which highlight the importance of developing efficient catalysts, but still a critical challenge. Here, a theoretical screening is performed on transition metal-tetragonal carbon nitride (TM@T-C2N) as active and selective electrocatalysts for NO3RR, where detailed reaction mechanisms and activity origins are explored. In addition, five-step screening criteria and volcano plots enable fast prescreening among numerous candidates.We identify that V@T-C2N and Cr@T-C2N are promising candidates with low overpotentials and high selectivity and stability. In particular, a significant negative correlation between the adsorption strength ofnitrate and the Gibbs free energy for the last proton-electron coupling step (*NH2→*NH3) was existed, which is considerably advantaged to track the activity trend and reveal the origin of activity. This work provides theoretical insights into the rational design of TM-N4/C catalysts for NO3RR andpaves a valuable electrochemical screening framework for other multi-step reactions.

2.
Phytomedicine ; 130: 155660, 2024 Jul 25.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38815407

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Xiaoyao pills (XYP) is a commercial Chinese patent medicine used in the treatment of depression. However, the mechanisms underlying its therapeutic effects, as well as the patients who can benefit from XYP, have not been evaluated so far. OBJECTIVES: To this end, we conducted a double-blinded, random, and placebo-controlled clinical trial of orally administered XYP in patients with depression. METHODS: The 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17) scores were recorded at baseline, and every 2 weeks after the start of treatment. To further elucidate the epigenetic mechanism of XYP, we performed mRNA sequencing and genome-wide DNA methylation sequencing using peripheral blood leukocytes of patients and healthy. RESULTS: XYP effectively alleviated the symptoms in patients with mild or moderate depressive disorders, particularly that of psychomotor retardation. XYP restored aberrant gene expression and DNA methylation patterns associated with depression, and the normalization of DNA methylation correlated with downregulation of several genes. In addition, altered DNA methylation levels in the XYP-treated samples were attributed to increased expression of the DNA methyltransferase DNMT1. CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides new insights into the epigenetic mechanism underlying depression and the therapeutic effects of XYP, along with an experimental basis for using XYP in the treatment of depression. TRIAL REGISTRATION INFORMATION: The name of the registry and number: U.S. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRY: The link to the registration: ClinicalTrials.gov ISRCTN12746343 (https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN12746343). The name of the trial register is "Efficacy and safety of the Xiaoyao pill for improving the clinical symptoms of stagnation of liver qi (chi) and spleen deficiency". The clinical trial registration number is ISRCTN12746343.


Asunto(s)
Metilación de ADN , Depresión , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Humanos , Metilación de ADN/efectos de los fármacos , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/farmacología , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/uso terapéutico , Método Doble Ciego , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto , Depresión/tratamiento farmacológico , ADN (Citosina-5-)-Metiltransferasa 1/genética , Epigénesis Genética/efectos de los fármacos , Antidepresivos/uso terapéutico , Antidepresivos/farmacología
3.
J Colloid Interface Sci ; 669: 14-22, 2024 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38703577

RESUMEN

Single-atom catalysts (SACs), due to their maximum atomic utilization rate, show tremendous potential for application in the electrocatalytic synthesis of ammonia from nitrate. Yet, the development of superior supports that preserve the high selectivity, activity, and stability of SACs remains an imperative challenge. In this work, based on first-principles calculations and tight-binding (TB) model analysis, a new two-dimensional (2D) carbon nitride monolayer, C7N6, is proposed. The C7N6 structure exhibits a strong covalent network, with dynamical, thermal, and mechanical stability. Surprisingly, the structural transition from C9N4 to C7N6 corresponds to a semimetallic state transition. Further symmetry analysis unveils that the Dirac states in C7N6 are protected by space-time inversion symmetry, and the physical origin of the Dirac cone was confirmed using the TB model. Additionally, a non-zero Z2 invariant and significant topological edge states demonstrate its topologically nontrivial nature. Considering the excellent structural and topological properties of C7N6, a three-step screening strategy is designed to identify eligible SACs for electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR), and Ti@C7N6 is identified as possessing the best activity, with the last proton-electron coupling step *NH2→*NH3 being the potential-determining step (PDS), for which the limiting potential is 0.48 V. Moreover, a free energy diagram shows that the *NOH reaction pathway is energetically preferred on Ti@C7N6, and ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) calculations at 500 K confirm its good thermal stability. Our study not only provides excellent CN-based support material but also offers theoretical guidance for constructing highly active and selective SACs for nitrate reduction.

4.
J Colloid Interface Sci ; 667: 679-687, 2024 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38670011

RESUMEN

The development ofhighly efficient oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts based on more cost-effective and earth-abundant elements is of great significance and still faces a huge challenge. In this work, a series of transition metal (TM)embedding a newly-defined monolayer carbon nitride phase is theoretically profiled and constructed as a catalytic platform for OER studies. Typically, a four-step screening strategy was proposed to rapidly identified high performance candidates and the coordination structure and catalytic performance relationship was thoroughly analyzed. Moreover, the eliminating criterion was established to condenses valid range based on the Gibbs free energy of OH*. Our results reveal that the as-constructed 2FeCN/P exhibits superior activity toward OER with an ultralow overpotential of 0.25 V, at the same time, the established 3FeCN/S configuration performed well as abifunctional OER/ORR electrocatalysis with extremely low overpotential ηOER/ηORR of 0.26/0.48 V. Overall, this work provides an effective framework for screening advanced OER catalysts, which can also be extended to other complex multistep catalytic reactions.

5.
Math Biosci Eng ; 21(1): 392-414, 2024 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38303428

RESUMEN

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a psychiatric disorder that affects an increasing number of people worldwide. The mechanisms of BD are unclear, but some studies have suggested that it may be related to genetic factors with high heritability. Moreover, research has shown that chronic stress can contribute to the development of major illnesses. In this paper, we used bioinformatics methods to analyze the possible mechanisms of chronic stress affecting BD through various aspects. We obtained gene expression data from postmortem brains of BD patients and healthy controls in datasets GSE12649 and GSE53987, and we identified 11 chronic stress-related genes (CSRGs) that were differentially expressed in BD. Then, we screened five biomarkers (IGFBP6, ALOX5AP, MAOA, AIF1 and TRPM3) using machine learning models. We further validated the expression and diagnostic value of the biomarkers in other datasets (GSE5388 and GSE78936) and performed functional enrichment analysis, regulatory network analysis and drug prediction based on the biomarkers. Our bioinformatics analysis revealed that chronic stress can affect the occurrence and development of BD through many aspects, including monoamine oxidase production and decomposition, neuroinflammation, ion permeability, pain perception and others. In this paper, we confirm the importance of studying the genetic influences of chronic stress on BD and other psychiatric disorders and suggested that biomarkers related to chronic stress may be potential diagnostic tools and therapeutic targets for BD.


Asunto(s)
Trastorno Bipolar , Humanos , Trastorno Bipolar/genética , Trastorno Bipolar/diagnóstico , Trastorno Bipolar/psicología , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Biología Computacional , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Expresión Génica
6.
Front Neurol ; 14: 1243453, 2023.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37915379

RESUMEN

Background: Despite continuous advances in microsurgical and endovascular techniques, the treatment of complex aneurysms remains challenging. Aneurysms that are dilemmatic for conventional clipping or endovascular coiling often require bypass as part of a strategy to reduce the risk of ischemic complications. In anatomically favorable sites, the intracranial-intracranial in situ bypass may be an appealing choice. This article details the surgical strategies, operative nuances, and clinical outcomes of this technique with a consecutive series in our department. Methods: A retrospective review of a prospectively maintained neurosurgical patient database was performed to identify all patients treated with side-to-side in situ bypass from January 2016 to June 2022. In total, 12 consecutive patients, including 12 aneurysms, were identified and included in the series. The medical records, surgical videos, neuroimaging studies, and follow-up clinic notes were reviewed for every patient. Results: Of the 12 aneurysms, there were 5 middle cerebral artery aneurysms, 4 anterior cerebral artery aneurysms, and 3 posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysms. The morphology of the aneurysms was fusiform in 8 patients and saccular in the remaining 4 patients. There were 3 patients presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage. The treatment modality was simple in situ bypass in 8 cases and in situ bypass combined with other modalities in 4 cases. Bypass patency was confirmed in all cases by intraoperative micro-doppler probe and (or) infrared indocyanine green (ICG) video angiography intraoperatively and with digital subtraction angiography (DSA) or computed tomography angiography (CTA) postoperatively. None of the patients developed a clinically manifested stroke due to the procedure though a callosomarginal artery was intentionally removed in one patient. The median follow-up period was 16.2 months (6-36). All patients had achieved improved or unchanged modified Rankin scale scores at the final follow-ups. Conclusion: Cerebral revascularization technique remains an essential skill for the treatment of complex aneurysms. The in situ bypass is one of the most effective techniques to revascularize efferent territory when vital artery sacrifice or occlusion is unavoidable. The configuration of in situ bypass should be carefully tailored to each case, with consideration of variations in anatomy and pathology of the complex aneurysms.

8.
J Colloid Interface Sci ; 651: 149-158, 2023 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37542890

RESUMEN

Single-atom catalysts with particular electronic structures and precisely regulated coordination environments delivering excellent activity for oxygen-evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen-reduction reaction (ORR) are highly desirable for renewable energy applications. In this work, a novel tetragonal carbon nitride T-C2N monolayer with remarkable stability was predicted by using the RG2 method. Inspired by the well-defined atomic structures and just right N4 aperture of T-C2N substrate, the electrocatalytic performance of a series of transition metal single-atoms anchored on porous T-C2N matrix (TM@C2N) have been systematically investigated. In addition, machine learning (ML) method was employed with the gradient boosting regression GBR model to deeply explore the complex controlling factors and offer direct guidance for rational discovery of desirable catalysts. On this basis, the coordination environment of the central TM active sites has been tailored by incorporating heteroatoms. Impressively, the Co@C2N/B-C, Rh@C2N/SC and Rh@C2N/SN exhibit significantly enhanced OER/ORR activity with notably low ηOER/ηORR of 0.39/0.32, 0.26/0.35 and 0.37/0.27 V, respectively. Our work provides insights into the rational design, data-driven, performance regulation, mechanism analysis and practical application of TMNC catalysts. Such a systematic theoretical framework can also be expanded to many other kinds of catalysts for energy storage and conversion.

9.
Phytomedicine ; 116: 154844, 2023 Jul 25.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37163902

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Xiaoer Chaige Tuire Oral Liquid (XCT) is a preparation composed of 7 traditional Chinese medicines including Bupleuri Radix, Puerariae Lobatae Radix, Scutellariae Radix, Gypsum Fibrosum, Artemisiae Annuae Herba, Paeoniae Radix Alba and Glycyrrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma Praeparata Cum Melle in proportion. According to traditional Chinese medicine theory, it has the function of dispelling wind evil and relieving exterior syndrome, clearing summer heat and dampness, and reducing internal heat. So, it is indicated for pediatric upper respiratory tract infection caused by exogenous wind-heat. Modern pharmacological studies have indicated that XCT has a variety of activities such as anti-inflammation and antivirus. PURPOSE: To screen potential quality markers (Q-markers) of XCT by tracking in vivo bioactive compounds concomitantly using in vitro sequential metabolism and in vivo biopharmaceutical analysis. METHODS: In vitro metabolic models including artificial gastric juice, intestinal juice, intestinal microbiota, Caco-2 cell monolayer and liver S9 were employed to simulate metabolism of main compounds of XCT in the body. High performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD) was used to quantitatively determine main components of XCT preparation and its sequential metabolism samples. Ultra performance liquid chromatography with QExactive Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-QExactive-HF-x-Orbitrap-MS) was used to qualitatively determine in vivo components of XCT preparation in rat plasma and metabolites obtained with liver S9 fraction of rats. RESULTS: Twenty-five compounds were identified from the preparation of XCT. Sequential in vitro metabolism studies indicated that most of these compounds except baicalin and baicalein were stable in artificial gastric juice, albiflorin, glycyrrhizic acid, gallic acid and baicalein were unstable in artificial intestinal juice, daidzin, liquiritin and genistin were hydrolyzed into their aglycones daidzein, liquiritigenin and genistein by intestinal microbiota, and 7 compounds thereout including benzoic acid, puerarin, 3'-methoxypuerarin, paeoniflorin, scopoletin, daidzein and liquiritigenin were shown to be well absorbed with Caco-2 cell monolayer model. These 7 compounds were demonstrated to be metabolized via hydroxylation and glycosylation by liver S9 system. Ten components of XCT preparation including puerarin, baicalin, wogonoside, benzoic acid, daidzein, baicalein, wogonin, oroxylin A, isoscopoletin and isoliquiritigenin were identified from rat plasma by in vivo biopharmaceutical analysis. Most of the compounds screened with both in vitro and in vivo metabolic studies were shown to be active against inflammation and influenza virus. CONCLUSIONS: A screening strategy for potential quality markers (Q-markers) of XCT preparation based on tracking in vivo bioactive compounds using the combination of in vitro sequential metabolism and in vivo biopharmaceutical analysis was established. With this strategy, a total of 12 compounds including puerarin, daidzein, benzoic acid, baicalin, baicalein, wogonoside, wogonin, oroxylin A, 3'-methoxypuerarin, paeoniflorin, scopoletin and liquiritigenin were screened to be potential Q-markers of XCT, which provides a material basis for quality control and development of XCT.


Asunto(s)
Productos Biológicos , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Humanos , Ratas , Animales , Células CACO-2 , Escopoletina/análisis , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/química , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos
10.
Huan Jing Ke Xue ; 44(4): 1974-1984, 2023 Apr 08.
Artículo en Chino | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37040948

RESUMEN

In August 2020, the observations of total peroxy radical concentrations were carried out in the western suburb site of Hefei using a peroxy radical chemical amplifier (PERCA) instrument. The ozone production and its sensitivity were characterized with the measured O3 and its precursors. The results showed that the daily variation in total peroxy radical concentrations exhibited an obvious convex tend, with the highest value at approximately 12:00; the average peak peroxy radical concentration was 43.8×10-12; and the concentrations of the peroxy radical and ozone were driven by strong solar radiation and high temperature. The photochemical ozone production rate could be determined with peroxy radical and NO concentration. The average ozone peak production rate in summer was 10.6×10-9 h-1, which was more sensitive to NO concentration. Based on the ratio of the radical loss rate due to reactions with NOx to the radical loss rate (Ln/Q), the characteristics of O3 production in the western suburb of Hefei in summer were analyzed. The results showed that O3 production sensitivity varied greatly during the day. The summer O3 production regime shifted from the VOC-sensitive chemistry in the early morning to NOx-sensitive chemistry in the afternoon, and this regime transition typically occurred in the morning.

11.
Dalton Trans ; 51(42): 16383-16388, 2022 Nov 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36250583

RESUMEN

Five 15-nuclearity lanthanide clusters were obtained under solvothermal conditions based on N-tris(hydroxymethyl)methylglycine (H5thmmg) with molecular formulas Ln15(OH)20(H4thmmg)10(H2O)10·xCl·(15 - x)NO3 (Ln = Dy, x = 15 (1); Ln = Tb, x = 11 (2); Ln = Eu, x = 13 (3); Ln = Sm, x = 15 (4); and Ln = Ho, x = 15 (5)). They have the same pentagram-type metal cores made up of five cubane-like [Ln4(µ3-OH)4] units by sharing vertical Ln3+ ions and their peripheries are all protected by ten H4thmmg- ligands and ten coordinated H2O. Such structural Sm15 and Ho15 clusters are reported for the first time. For 1, 4 and 5, these metal-hydroxide cores are further stabilized only by free Cl- ions, whereas NO3- and Cl- ions both operate as anionic templates for 2 and 3 to balance the positive charge and to promote lanthanide metal ion aggregation. These are the first reported Ln15 clusters self-assembled by NO3- and Cl- anion templates. The luminescence behaviors of 2 and 3 show the characteristic emissions of the corresponding Ln3+ (Ln = Tb, Eu) ions. The temperature-dependent luminescence of 2 and 3 reveals that their emission intensities increase as the temperature drops, and good linear relationships exist in the 120-300 K range, so 2 and 3 are potential luminescent molecular thermometers. Moreover, 2 and 3 exhibit high quantum yields (QYs) (58.05% for 2 and 17.34% for 3) and long luminescence lifetimes (τ = 934 µs for 2, τ = 242 µs for 3). In addition, 1 displays slow magnetic relaxation behavior.

12.
Clin Neurol Neurosurg ; 222: 107465, 2022 11.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36201899

RESUMEN

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: As the largest concentrated region of neural stem cells in the adult brain, the subventricular zone (SVZ) is considered to have a close relationship with the origin of gliomas. An in-depth study of the characteristic manifestations associated with SVZ involvement in glioma may provide new ideas for individualized diagnosis and treatment of this fatal disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All 279 patients with glioma who underwent surgical treatment in our department from January 2016 to December 2021 were included. Clinical and imaging data were collected, and telephonic follow-up was conducted to analyze the overall survival and progression-free survival. Prognostic factors including SVZ involvement on glioblastoma patients' survival were analyzed. Next, the relationship between SVZ involvement, a set of unique imaging features and gene status were determined respectively. The chi-squared test, logistics regression, and Cox regression were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The patients were divided into the SVZ involvement group (n = 198, 70.97 %) and SVZ non-involvement group (n = 81, 29.03 %). The median overall survival and progression-free survival were 13 months and 7 months for the SVZ involvement group, but 25 months and 17 months for the SVZ non-involvement group, respectively. In multivariate Cox survival analysis, MRI SVZ involvement proved an independent risk factor for the survival of patients with glioblastoma. The patients with SVZ involvement sign had a lower rate of cystic lesion (32.32 % vs. 48.48 %, p = 0.029), and a larger mean maximum diameter (5.88 ± 1.28 vs. 3.28 ± 1.65 cm). Compared with high grade gliomas (HGG), T1 enhancement (25.25 % vs. 10.42 %, p = 0.041) and homogeneous signal on T2WI (14.14 % vs. 43.75 %, p = 0.025) were independently associated with SVZ involvement in WHO grade 2 gliomas(LGG). In the gene status analysis, the SVZ involvement group showed the lower rate of MGMT promoter methylation (57.58 % vs. 79.17 %, p = 0.017). CONCLUSION: SVZ involvement in MRI at diagnosis is an independent negative prognostic indicator for the survival of glioblastoma patients. Some image signs are associated with SVZ involvement in HGG and LGG respectively. The unique imaging and gene features of gliomas with SVZ involvement indicate that this kind of tumor maybe a unique subgroup of gliomas.


Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Encefálicas , Glioblastoma , Glioma , Adulto , Humanos , Ventrículos Laterales/diagnóstico por imagen , Ventrículos Laterales/patología , Glioblastoma/patología , Neoplasias Encefálicas/diagnóstico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Glioma/diagnóstico por imagen , Glioma/patología , Pronóstico , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos
13.
RSC Adv ; 12(41): 26580-26587, 2022 Sep 16.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36275150

RESUMEN

Cemented carbide (WC-Co) is applied as the substrate instead of conventional ones such as Si, Ti, and Nb, on which nanocrystalline BDD films are deposited by hot filament chemical vapor deposition. Then the WC-Co/BDD electrodes are investigated by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Micro-Raman Spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), a four-point probe method, accelerated life test (ALT), and electrochemical analysis. According to the results, the BDD films deposited on the WC-Co substrate are highly uniform and pinhole-free with a grain size of 100 nm and a low compressive stress. The WC-Co/BDD electrode has a wide potential window of 3.8 V and low background currents in 0.5 mol L-1 H2SO4 electrolytes and shows a quasi-reversible behavior in the K3[Fe(CN)6] redox system. The electrode has a service life of more than 400 h in the ALT with 3 mol L-1 H2SO4 electrolytes at a constant current density of 1 A cm-2. These electrochemical performances of BDD films on the WC-Co substrate is similar to or even slightly better than that on the commonly used substrates. Finally, phenol is used as a pollutant to test the activity of the WC-Co/BDD electrode. The results of replicated experiments show that the average COD reduces from the initial 5795 to 85 mg L-1, and the average current efficiency is about 46%. This suggests that the WC-Co/BDD electrode has a good mineralization capacity in phenol with a high concentration.

14.
Front Pharmacol ; 13: 904190, 2022.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35770096

RESUMEN

Background: Paeoniflorin (PF) represents the major bioactive constituent of the traditional Chinese medicine plant Paeonia suffruticosa (Ranunculaceae), which has a long history as a folk medicine in Asian. Paeoniflorin, a bitter pinene monoterpene glycoside, has antidepressant effects, but its potential therapeutic mechanism has not been thoroughly explored. Methods: Experimental depression in rats was established by the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) combined with orphan method, and the efficacy of paeoniflorin on depression was evaluated by the sucrose preference test and open field test. The antidepressant mechanism of paeoniflorin was investigated by metabolomic and network pharmacology. The relevant pathways of biomarkers highlighted in metabolomics were explored, and the possible targets of paeoniflorin in the treatment of depression were further revealed through network analysis. The binding activity of paeoniflorin to key targets was verified by molecular docking. Results: Metabolomics showed that rats with CUMS-induced depression had urine metabolic disorders, which were reversed by paeoniflorin through the regulation of metabolic pathways. Metabolites that play a key role in the function of paeoniflorin include citric acid, thiamine monophosphate, gluconolactone, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and stachyose. Key predicted targets are SLC6A4, TNF, IL6 and SLC6A3. An important metabolic pathway is the Citrate cycle (TCA cycle). Conclusion: Network integrative analysis in this study showed that paeoniflorin could improve depressive-like symptoms in model rats with CUMS-induced depression and overall correct the disordered metabolic profile through multiple metabolic pathways.

15.
Chin Med ; 17(1): 60, 2022 May 24.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35610650

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Many studies about depression have focused on the dysfunctional synaptic signaling in the hippocampus that drives the pathophysiology of depression. Radix Bupleuri has been used in China for over 2000 years to regulate liver-qi. Extracted from Radix Bupleuri, Saikosaponin D (SSD) is a pharmacologically active substance that has antidepressant effects. However, its underlying mechanism remains unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) paradigm was used as a rat model of depression. SD rats were randomly assigned to a normal control (NC) group or one exposed to a CUMS paradigm. Of the latter group, rats were assigned to four subgroups: no treatment (CUMS), fluoxetine-treated (FLU), high-dose and low-dose SSD-treated (SSDH and SSDL). SSD was orally administrated of 1.50 mg/kg and 0.75 mg/kg/days for three weeks in the SSDH and SSDL groups, respectively. Fluoxetine was administrated at a dose of 2.0 mg/kg/days. SSD's antidepressant effects were assessed using the open field test, forced swim test, and sucrose preference test. Glutamate levels were quantified by ELISA. Western blot and immunochemical analyses were conducted to quantify proteins in the Homer protein homolog 1 (Homer1)-metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways in the hippocampal CA1 region. To measure related gene expression, RT-qPCR was employed. RESULTS: CUMS-exposed rats treated with SSD exhibited increases in food intake, body weight, and improvements in the time spent in the central are and total distance traveled in the OFT, and less pronounced pleasure-deprivation behaviors. SSD also decreased glutamate levels in CA1. In CA1 region of CUMS-exposed rats, SSD treatment increased mGluR5 expression while decreasing Homer1 expression. SSD also increased expressions of postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) and synapsin I (SYP), and the ratios of p-mTOR/mTOR, p-p70S6k/p70S6k, and p-4E-BP1/4E-BP1 in the CA1 region in CUMS-exposed rats. CONCLUSIONS: SSD treatment reduces glutamate levels in the CA1 region and promotes the expression of the synaptic proteins PSD-95 and SYP via the regulation of the Homer1-mGluR5 and downstream mTOR signaling pathways. These findings suggest that SSD could act as a natural neuroprotective agent in the prevention of depression.

16.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35463084

RESUMEN

Chinese acupuncture therapy has demonstrated good clinical effects on neurological diseases and is widely used internationally. In the past 20 years, an increasing number of researchers around the world have devoted themselves to the study of the effect and mechanism of acupuncture for the treatment of central nervous system cell apoptosis. To discover the current research status of acupuncture-induced antiapoptosis in the central nervous system, we used the method of scientometric research and data visualization software to visually analyse 155 articles. The findings are as follows. First, the antiapoptosis effects of acupuncture in the central nervous system have received increasing attention overseas and domestically. China and the United States have leading positions in this research field. Second, 5 stable and high-yielding research teams have been formed in the field of acupuncture-induced antiapoptosis. The main research directions of these teams are electroacupuncture (EA) pretreatment for the central nervous system cell apoptosis, acupuncture for antineuronal apoptosis in vascular dementia, EA regulation of related signalling pathways, EA regulation of nerve cell apoptosis and autophagy after stroke, and EA regulation of the MAPK signalling pathway. Researchers on teams with more extensive cooperation have more research results and better research continuity. Third, there are diversified research hotspots. The original research hotspots are still receiving attention, and new hotspots have emerged in recent years.

17.
Front Pharmacol ; 13: 843412, 2022.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35401216

RESUMEN

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer-delimited particles released by cells, which play an essential role in intercellular communication by delivering cellular components including DNA, RNA, lipids, metabolites, cytoplasm, and cell surface proteins into recipient cells. EVs play a vital role in the pathogenesis of depression by transporting miRNA and effector molecules such as BDNF, IL34. Considering that some herbal therapies exhibit antidepressant effects, EVs might be a practical delivery approach for herbal medicine. Since EVs can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), one of the advantages of EV-mediated herbal drug delivery for treating depression with Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) is that EVs can transfer herbal medicine into the brain cells. This review focuses on discussing the roles of EVs in the pathophysiology of depression and outlines the emerging application of EVs in delivering CHM for the treatment of depression.

18.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr ; 31(1): 87-96, 2022 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35357107

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Overconsumption of drinks containing fructose increases the risk for hyperuricemia and gout. Comparative analysis evaluating the indicators of serum uric acid (SUA) load caused by natural food-derived fructose and pure fructose in sweeteners is lacking. We aimed to uncover the effect of fructose from apple and honey and pure fructose powder on the SUA concentration of healthy young Chinese individuals. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: Two randomized crossover trials were performed. The participants were randomly assigned to consume apple or honey (test food) or pure fructose powder (reference food); one week later, the groups' dietary intervention was switched. Blood samples were collected at 0, 30, 60, and 120 min after meal to measure the SUA and blood glucose concentrations. RESULTS: At 30 and 60 min, the SUA concentration in participants consuming apple or honey was lower than in those consuming fructose powder. At 120 min, the SUA concentration of participants consuming apple returned to baseline. The areas under the curve (AUC) within 2 h (2h- AUCs) of SUA exhibited the trend of fructose >honey >apple. The 2h-AUC ratio between test food and reference food was determined using the uric acid index to assess the efficiency of food-derived fructose in increasing the SUA concentration. The uric acid index of honey was higher than that of apple. Men had higher postprandial SUA concentration than women. CONCLUSIONS: Food-derived fructose caused a lighter load on uric acid metabolism than pure fructose. Uric acid index can be useful for distinguishing fructose-containing foods.


Asunto(s)
Miel , Malus , China , Estudios Cruzados , Femenino , Fructosa/farmacología , Humanos , Masculino , Ácido Úrico
19.
Food Funct ; 13(8): 4399-4420, 2022 Apr 20.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35297435

RESUMEN

Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the colon with a continuously remitting and relapsing course. Its etiology is closely related to abnormal interactions between host and gut microbiota. The mucus barrier lining the gastrointestinal tract is necessary to coordinate host and gut microbiota interaction by nourishing and modulating the microbiota. Differential effects of the anti-inflammatory fatty acids docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on UC progression in mice were firstly addressed by our previous work; here, the mechanism for their respective effects were further uncovered from host-microbiome crosstalk based on mucus barrier modulation to pave the way for UC therapy. Methods: Assessment of the disease activity index and histopathology score was conducted in mice with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis pre-treated with different doses of EPA and DHA. Mucin generation, glycosylation and secretion were evaluated by a combination of electron microscopy, specific mucous staining, and qPCR. Western blotting was used to analyze the underlying molecular events. Fecal short chain fatty acids were detected using gas chromatography, and the gut microbial composition was analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing. Results: Compared with DHA, the more potent inhibitory effect of high dose EPA on DSS-induced colitis was reconfirmed, which was underlain by a reinforced mucus layer as indicated by increased mucin granule release, mucus layer stratification and markedly upregulated expression of the key modulators involved in goblet cell differentiation. In turn a remarkably enhanced mucus barrier in the EPA group functioned to modulate the gut microbiome, as demonstrated by the enriched abundance of the phylum Bacteroidetes and mucin-degrading bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila producing acetic and propionic acids. Conclusions: EPA and DHA differentially coordinate the interaction between the host and the gut microbiota and relieve mucus barrier disruption in DSS-induced colitis. EPA may develop into a promising adjunctive therapy for UC.


Asunto(s)
Colitis Ulcerosa , Colitis , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Animales , Colitis/inducido químicamente , Colitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Colitis/microbiología , Colitis Ulcerosa/tratamiento farmacológico , Colon/metabolismo , Sulfato de Dextran/efectos adversos , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Ácidos Docosahexaenoicos/farmacología , Ácido Eicosapentaenoico/farmacología , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Mucinas/metabolismo , Moco/metabolismo , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , ARN Ribosómico 16S/metabolismo , Verrucomicrobia
20.
Arch Microbiol ; 204(2): 126, 2022 Jan 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34997845

RESUMEN

The mechanism of berberine hydrochloride (BBH) inhibiting the biofilm formation of Hafnia alvei was investigated in this study. The antibiofilm potential of BBH was evaluated by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) as well as crystal violet staining. The quorum-sensing (QS) inhibition was revealed by determination of QS-related genes expression and related signal molecules production using real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The binding of BBH to receptor proteins was simulated by molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. It was found that BBH at sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) significantly reduced the biofilm formation of H. alvei in a dose dependent manner. BBH inhibited the bacterial swimming motility, decreased the transcription of halI and halR genes, and reduced the production of signal molecule C14-HSL. It bound to HalR protein mainly through Van der Waals force and electrostatic interaction force. Based on these results, it was concluded that BBH inhibits the biofilm formation of H. alvei and the mechanism is related to its interference with QS through down-regulating the expression of halI and halR genes.


Asunto(s)
Berberina , Hafnia alvei , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Berberina/farmacología , Biopelículas , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Percepción de Quorum
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