RESUMEN
In this case report, a patient with Tourette syndrome was admitted to the emergency department with nonrhythmic, continuous, generalized hyperkinetic movements associated with muscle contractions in the trunk, neck, and upper and lower limbs caused by depletion of the deep brain stimulation battery.
Asunto(s)
Estimulación Encefálica Profunda , Tics , Síndrome de Tourette , Humanos , Síndrome de Tourette/complicaciones , Síndrome de Tourette/terapia , Tics/etiología , Tics/terapia , Estimulación Encefálica Profunda/efectos adversos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Globo Pálido/fisiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) can be challenging, especially in the early stages, albeit its updated and validated clinical criteria. Recent developments on neuroimaging in PD, altogether with its consolidated role of excluding secondary and other neurodegenerative causes of parkinsonism, provide more confidence in the diagnosis across the different stages of the disease. This review highlights current knowledge and major recent advances in magnetic resonance and dopamine transporter imaging in aiding PD diagnosis. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to review current knowledge about the role of magnetic resonance imaging and neuroimaging of the dopamine transporter in diagnosing Parkinson's disease. METHODS: We performed a non-systematic literature review through the PubMed database, using the keywords "Parkinson", "magnetic resonance imaging", "diffusion tensor", "diffusion-weighted", "neuromelanin", "nigrosome-1", "single-photon emission computed tomography", "dopamine transporter imaging". The search was restricted to articles written in English, published between January 2010 and February 2022. RESULTS: The diagnosis of Parkinson's disease remains a clinical diagnosis. However, new neuroimaging biomarkers hold promise for increased diagnostic accuracy, especially in earlier stages of the disease. CONCLUSION: Future validation of new imaging biomarkers bring the expectation of an increased neuroimaging role in the diagnosis of PD in the following years.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Transporte de Dopamina a través de la Membrana Plasmática , Enfermedad de Parkinson , Biomarcadores , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Neuroimagen/métodos , Enfermedad de Parkinson/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedad de Parkinson/patologíaRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Background: the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) can be challenging, especially in the early stages, albeit its updated and validated clinical criteria. Recent developments on neuroimaging in PD, altogether with its consolidated role of excluding secondary and other neurodegenerative causes of parkinsonism, provide more confidence in the diagnosis across the different stages of the disease. This review highlights current knowledge and major recent advances in magnetic resonance and dopamine transporter imaging in aiding PD diagnosis. Objective: This study aims to review current knowledge about the role of magnetic resonance imaging and neuroimaging of the dopamine transporter in diagnosing Parkinson's disease. Methods: We performed a non-systematic literature review through the PubMed database, using the keywords "Parkinson", "magnetic resonance imaging", "diffusion tensor", "diffusion-weighted", "neuromelanin", "nigrosome-1", "single-photon emission computed tomography", "dopamine transporter imaging". The search was restricted to articles written in English, published between January 2010 and February 2022. Results: The diagnosis of Parkinson's disease remains a clinical diagnosis. However, new neuroimaging biomarkers hold promise for increased diagnostic accuracy, especially in earlier stages of the disease. Conclusion: Future validation of new imaging biomarkers bring the expectation of an increased neuroimaging role in the diagnosis of PD in the following years.
RESUMO Antecedentes: O diagnóstico da doença de Parkinson (DP) pode ser desafiador, principalmente nas fases iniciais da doença, embora tenha critérios clínicos atualizados e validados. Os avanços recentes em neuroimagem na DP, além do seu papel já consolidado de excluir causas secundárias e outras causas neurodegenerativas de parkinsonismo, tem contribuído para uma maior confiabilidade no diagnóstico em diferentes estágios da doença. Nesta revisão, nós destacamos os principais avanços de ressonância magnética e imagem do transportador de dopamina em auxiliar o diagnóstico de DP. Objetivo: realizar uma revisão acerca do conhecimento atual sobre o papel da ressonância magnética e imagem do transportador de dopamina no diagnóstico de doença de Parkinson. Método: Realizamos uma revisão não sistemática da literatura através da base de dados PubMed, utilizando as palavras-chave "Parkinson", "magnetic resonance imaging", "diffusion tensor", "diffusion-weighted", "neuromelanin", "nigrosome-1", "single-photon emission computed tomography", "dopamine transporter imaging". A busca foi restrita a artigos escritos em inglês, publicados entre janeiro de 2010 e fevereiro de 2022. Resultados: O diagnóstico de doença de Parkinson continua sendo um diagnóstico clínico, contudo, novos biomarcadores de neuroimagem são promissores para o aumento da acurácia diagnóstica, especialmente em fases mais precoces da doença. Conclusão: A validação futura de novos biomarcadores de imagem traz a expectativa de um maior papel da neuroimagem no diagnóstico de doença de Parkinson nos próximos anos.