Asunto(s)
Brotes de Enfermedades/estadística & datos numéricos , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos , Infecciones Estreptocócicas , Streptococcus pyogenes , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/epidemiología , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/microbiología , Humanos , Japón/epidemiología , Infecciones Estreptocócicas/epidemiología , Infecciones Estreptocócicas/microbiologíaRESUMEN
The Asian Dust Storm (ADS) aggravates symptoms and pulmonary dysfunction in adult asthma patients. Our objective was to investigate the association of air pollutants and metals in desert dust with worsening of asthma symptoms during the ADS. A telephone survey was performed to investigate the upper and lower respiratory tract symptoms, ocular symptoms and skin symptoms of asthma patients during the ADS in March between 2007 and 2010. Four surveys were conducted in 46 patients. Two patients noted worsening of lower respiratory tract symptoms in all four surveys, as well as 2 patients in three surveys, 7 patients in two surveys, and 9 patients in one survey. There was no worsening of lower respiratory tract symptoms in 26 patients. In each patient, the influence of the ADS on lower respiratory tract symptoms varied between surveys. In 2010, the level of suspended particulate matter was highest in all four years, but the smallest number of patients noted worsening of lower respiratory tract symptoms. Among pollutants, only the maximum concentration of nitrogen dioxide during the ADS was significantly associated with the worsening of lower respiratory tract symptoms. The influence of the ADS on lower respiratory tract symptoms of adult asthma patients is variable.
RESUMEN
An electrochemical P-450 model system using meso-tetraphenylporphyrinatomanganese(III) chloride (MnTPP), imidazole and acetic acid was tested in an acetonitrile solution, and epoxide was obtained with a good current efficiency. The results of cyclic voltammetry revealed that acid plays an important role in the second electron transfer.
