Sensorless control in full speed domain of interior permanent magnet synchronous motor based on hybrid observer.

Aiming at the problem that an Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (IPMSM) cannot be smoothly started in zero-low speed range and smoothly transitioned to medium-high speed range by a single observer. This paper proposes a full-speed range control algorithm based on the fusion of pulsating high-frequency injection and back electromotive force (EMF) position error information. In the low-speed range or at start-up, a square-wave high-frequency signal is injected, and the obtained high-frequency current signal is processed to obtain the rotor position error information. The phase shift due to the introduction of a filter is reduced, which improves the control bandwidth and reduces the noise. To ensure smooth switching of the observer, the observer uses a dual second-order generalized integrator module to output the angular frequency in the low-speed range. A higher-order sliding mode observer based on an inverse EMF model obtains rotor position error information at high speeds. During switching, the rotor position information is processed by a fusion strategy, and the obtained hybrid information is fed into the system to improve the stability of the motor operation. A 0.2 kW IPMSM position sensorless vector control system verifies the algorithm's accuracy.

Sn4+ Alloying and Chiral Incorporation into Tellurium Halides Triggering Tunable Luminescence Emission and Second-Harmonic Generation.

Recently, chiral organic-inorganic hybrid metal halides have attracted considerable interest as promising multifunctional materials, benefiting from their diverse structures and tunable photophysical properties. Herein, by introducing the chiral ligand methylbenzylamine (R-/S-MBA) and alloying Sn4+ cation, a series of tellurium-based halides R-/S-MBA2SnxTe1-xCl6 (x = 0, 0.125, 0.2, 0.365 and 0.54) with second-harmonic generation (SHG) effect and photoluminescence (PL) properties are successfully synthesized. Their optical bandgaps are determined to be 2.48-2.6 eV. Specifically, the introduction of chiral organic cations could break the structural symmetry and cause the tellurium halide to crystallize in the chiral space group. The incorporation of isovalent Sn4+ into the chiral host tellurium halides results in the increase in octahedral distortion, thereby promoting host intrinsic self-trapped emission that originates from the interconfigurational 3P0,1 → 1S0 transitions of Te4+. Consequently, the as-prepared Sn4+ doped halides, R-/S-MBA2SnxTe1-xCl6 (x = 0.365, 0.54), exhibit not only SHG response but also bright orange fluorescence. This study provides an effective strategy for designing chiral multifunctional materials.

Chromosome-level genome assemblies of two littorinid marine snails indicate genetic basis of intertidal adaptation and ancient karyotype evolved from bilaterian ancestors.

Living in the intertidal environment, littorinid snails are excellent models for understanding genetic mechanisms underlying adaptation to harsh fluctuating environments. Furthermore, the karyotypes of littorinid snails, with the same chromosome number as the presumed bilaterian ancestor, make them valuable for investigating karyotype evolution from the bilaterian ancestor to mollusks. Here, we generated high-quality, chromosome-scale genome assemblies for 2 littorinid marine snails, Littorina brevicula (927.94 Mb) and Littoraria sinensis (882.51 Mb), with contig N50 of 3.43 Mb and 2.31 Mb, respectively. Comparative genomic analyses identified 92 expanded gene families and 85 positively selected genes as potential candidates possibly associated with intertidal adaptation in the littorinid lineage, which were functionally enriched in stimulus responses, innate immunity, and apoptosis process regulation and might be involved in cellular homeostasis maintenance in stressful intertidal environments. Genome macrosynteny analyses indicated that 4 fissions and 4 fusions led to the evolution from the 17 presumed bilaterian ancestral chromosomes to the 17 littorinid chromosomes, implying that the littorinid snails have a highly conserved karyotype with the bilaterian ancestor. Based on the most parsimonious reconstruction of the common ancestral karyotype of scallops and littorinid snails, 3 chromosomal fissions and 1 chromosomal fusion from the bilaterian ancient linkage groups were shared by the bivalve scallop and gastropoda littorinid snails, indicating that the chromosome-scale ancient gene linkages were generally preserved in the mollusk genomes for over 500 million years. The highly conserved karyotype makes the littorinid snail genomes valuable resources for understanding early bilaterian evolution and biology.

EXPRESS:Molecular Mechanisms of Ferroptosis in Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Investigated via Bioinformatics Analysis and Animal Experiments.

Kidney transplantation is a pivotal treatment for end-stage renal disease (ESKD). However, renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) during surgery significantly impacts graft function. Despite unclear molecular mechanisms, no specific therapies or preventative measures are available. Gene expression profiles from renal biopsies before and after IRI were downloaded from public databases. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test and weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Ferroptosis-associated genes were screened using the FerrDb database. The genes with the highest connectivity were identified via the PPI network, and upstream regulatory miRNAs were found through the gene-miRNA network. A mouse renal IRI model was constructed for transcriptome sequencing and qRT-PCR validation to elucidate the relationship between key ferroptosis genes and regulatory miRNAs in renal IRI. Differential analysis identified 15 ferroptosis-associated genes (TNFAIP3, IL6, KLF2, EGR1, JUN, ZFP36, GDF15, CDKN1A, HSPB1, BRD2, PDK4, DUSP1, SLC2A3, DDIT3, CXCL2) involved in renal IRI regulation. In animal experiments, ferroptosis-related genes were also upregulated in the model group. Enrichment analysis and H&E pathological staining suggested these genes are primarily involved in renal inflammatory responses. PPI network analysis revealed IL6 as the gene with the highest connectivity, and the gene-miRNA network indicated IL6 might be regulated by miR-let-7a. Animal experiments revealed decreased miR-let-7a and increased IL6 levels in the model group, identifying potential therapeutic targets. MiR-let-7a regulates ferroptosis in renal IRI by targeting IL6, highlighting IL6 as a crucial gene in the ferroptosis process of renal IRI.

[Research Progress in Complement Receptor of the Immunoglobulin Superfamily in Regulating Liver Immunity].

Kupffer cells (KC),an important subset of immune cells in the liver,are essential for maintaining tissue homeostasis and responding quickly to liver damage.The complement receptor of the immunoglobulin superfamily (CRIg) is a receptor protein on the KC membrane.CRIg can not only capture pathogens in the blood flowing through the liver by complement binding but also mediate immune responses by regulating immune cells in the liver.Recent studies have confirmed the role of CRIg in regulating liver immunity.This article reviews the main modes of action of CRIg and the research progress of CRIg in regulating liver immunity.

Unraveling the distribution pattern and driving forces of soil microorganisms under geographic barriers.

The Altai Mountains (ALE) and the Greater Khingan Mountains (GKM) in northern China are forest regions dominated by coniferous trees. These geographically isolated regions provide an ideal setting for studying microbial biogeographic patterns. In this study, we employed high-throughput techniques to obtain DNA sequences of soil myxomycetes, bacteria, and fungi and explored the mechanisms underlying the assembly of both local and cross-regional microbial communities in relation to environmental factors. Our investigation revealed that the environmental heterogeneity in ALE and GKM significantly affected the succession and assembly of soil bacterial communities at cross-regional scales. Specifically, the optimal environmental factors affecting bacterial Bray-Curtis similarity were elevation and temperature seasonality. The spatial factors and climate change impact on bacterial communities under the geographical barriers surpassed that of local soil microenvironments. The assembly pattern of bacterial communities transitions from local drift to cross-regional heterogeneous selection. Environmental factors had a relatively weak influence on myxomycetes and fungi. Both soil myxomycetes and fungi faced considerable dispersal limitation at local and cross-regional scales, ultimately leading to weak geographical distribution patterns.IMPORTANCEThe impact of environmental selection and dispersal on the soil microbial spatial distribution is a key concern in microbial biogeography, particularly in large-scale geographical patterns. However, our current understanding remains limited. Our study found that soil bacteria displayed a distinct cross-regional geographical distribution pattern, primarily influenced by environmental selection. Conversely, the cross-regional geographical distribution patterns of soil myxomycetes and fungi were relatively weak. Their composition exhibited a weak association with the environment at local and cross-regional scales, with assembly primarily driven by dispersal limitation.

Sustainable protein/polysaccharide aerogel for the simultaneous and efficient removal of multiple organic contaminants: Insights from DFT calculations and phenomenological mass-transfer modeling.

Wastewater contains various organic contaminants that pose great hazards to human health and the environment. A protein/polysaccharide-derived aerogel, namely, ICMA, was developed as a high-performance adsorbent for the simultaneous and efficient removal of diverse contaminants from wastewater, including melanoidin (MLE), Congo red (CR), and diclofenac (DIC). Metal organic framework (UiO-66-NH2), as a regulatory factor, significantly improved the porosity and pore volume of the ICMA to enhance the capture performance of contaminants. The ICMA exhibited outstanding adsorption efficiency owing to the incorporation of ample polyamine functional groups and its well-developed pore structure, large porosity and pore volume, and remarkable heat resistance. The equilibrium capture capacities of the ICMA were 1364, 2031, and 539 mg/g for MLE, CR, and DIC, respectively, with corresponding removal efficiencies all exceeding 90%. Furthermore, the ICMA can capture cationic dyes through MLE/CR/DIC-bridging interactions. After five cycles, the used ICMA can still maintain a high contaminant removal rate/amount, demonstrating good reusability. The classic adsorption model showed that the capture of contaminants by the ICMA is a double-layered and heterogeneous adsorption orientation. A brand new LWAMTM model demonstrated that the adsorption mass-transfer process is jointly determined by the external mass conveyance, pore diffusion, and adsorption on the active site. Multiple characterizations indicated that the contaminant adsorption onto the ICMA was mainly facilitated by charge interactions, with H-bonds playing a secondary role. Quantum chemical theory simulations further provide insights into the atomic-level mechanisms involved in the capture of contaminants. Hirshfeld surface analysis revealed that the ICMA functions as both an H-bond acceptor and a donor during contaminant adsorption. Scale-up and upgrade adsorption were performed to treat actual/simulated wastewater, establishing the groundwork for the industrial implementation of the ICMA.

Inbreeding in Chinese fir: Insights into the adaptive growth traits of selfed progeny from mRNA, miRNA, and copy number variation.

PREMISE: The impact of inbreeding on biological processes is well documented in individuals with severe inbreeding depression. However, the biological processes influencing the adaptive growth of normal selfed individuals are unknown. Here, we aimed to investigate how inbreeding affects gene expression for adaptive growth of normal selfed seedlings from a self-fertilizing parent in Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata). METHODS: Using RNA-seq data from above- and underground tissues of abnormal and normal selfed seedlings, we analyzed GO biological processes network. We also sequenced small RNAs in the aboveground tissues and measured the copy number variations (CNV) of the hub genes. RESULTS: Phenotypic fitness analysis revealed that the normal seedlings were better adapted than their abnormal counterparts. Upregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were associated with development processes, and downregulated DEGs were mainly enriched in fundamental metabolism and stress response. Results of mRNA-miRNA parallel sequencing revealed that upregulated target genes were predominantly associated with development, highlighting their crucial role in phosphorylation in signal transduction networks. We also discovered a moderate correlation (0.1328 < R2 < 0.6257) between CNV and gene expression levels for three hub genes (TMKL1, GT2, and RHY1A). CONCLUSIONS: We uncovered the key biological processes underpinning the growth of normal selfed seedlings and established the relationship between CNV and the expression levels of hub genes in selfed seedlings. Understanding the candidate genes involved in the growth of selfed seedlings will help us comprehend the genetic mechanisms behind inbreeding depression in the evolutionary biology of plants.

Advancing oil-water separation: Design and efficiency of amphiphilic hyperbranched demulsifiers.

HYPOTHESIS: An innovative strategy for designing high-performance demulsifiers is proposed. It hypothesizes that integrating mesoscopic molecular simulations with macroscopic physicochemical experiments can enhance the understanding and effectiveness of demulsifiers. Specifically, it is suggested that amphiphilic hyperbranched polyethyleneimine (CHPEI) could act as an efficient demulsifier in oil-water systems, with its performance influenced by its adsorption behaviors at the oil-water interface and its ability to disrupt asphaltene-resin aggregates. EXPERIMENTS: Several coarse-grained models of oil-water systems, with CHPEI, are constructed using dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulation. Following the insights gained from the simulations, a series of CHPEI-based demulsifiers are designed and synthesized. Demulsification experiments are conducted on both simulated and crude oil emulsions, with the process monitored using laser scanning confocal microscopy. Additionally, adsorption kinetics and small angle X-ray scattering are employed to reveal the inherent structural characteristics of CHPEI demulsifiers. FINDINGS: CHPEI demonstrates over 96.7 % demulsification efficiency in high acid-alkali-salt systems and maintains its performance even after multiple reuse cycles. The simulations and macroscopic experiments collectively elucidate that the effectiveness of a demulsifier is largely dependent on its molecular weight and the balance of hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups. These factors are crucial in providing sufficient interfacial active functional groups while avoiding adsorption sites for other surfactants. Collaborative efforts between DPD simulation and macroscopic measurements deepen the understanding of how demulsifiers can improve oil-water separation efficiency in emulsion treatment.

[Psychological nursing contributes to the prognosis of the male patients with urethral riding injury treated by ureteroscopic urethral catheter implantation].

Objective： To explore the effect of psychological nursing on the prognosis of male patients with urethral riding injury treated by ureteroscopic urethral catheter implantation (UCI). METHODS: This study included 63 male patients with urethral straddle injury treated in the General Hospital of Southern Theater Command from February 2020 to March 2023. We divided the patients into a control (n = 29) and an experimental group (n = 34) according to the odd- or even-numbered days of admission and treated them by ureteroscopic UCI. Meanwhile those of the former group received routine nursing care and the latter underwent psychological nursing intervention in addition. We obtained the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) scores of the patients, recorded their postoperative pain scores, catheter-removal time, hospitalization days, postoperative complications and overall recovery status, and compared the data collected between the two groups. RESULTS: At 3 days after surgery, both the SAS and SDS scores were significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control (SAS: 45.2 ± 2.9 vs 50.4 ± 3.6, P< 0.05; SDS: 41.9 ± 2.5 vs 48.3 ± 4.0, P< 0.05), and so were the pain scores at 24 hours (6.2 ± 0.6 vs 6.8 ± 0.9, P< 0.05), 48 hours (4.9 ± 0.7 vs 6.1 ± 0.8, P< 0.05) and 72 hours after surgery (2.5 ± 0.6 vs 3.9 ± 0.9, P< 0.05). The hospitalization time was remarkably shorter in the experimental than in the control group (ï¼»14.1 ± 2.9ï¼½ vs ï¼»16.1 ± 3.4ï¼½ d, P< 0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference in the time of postoperative catheterization between the two groups of patients (ï¼»19.3 ± 3.7ï¼½ vs ï¼»19.6 ± 4.4ï¼½ d, P > 0.05). A 30-day postoperative follow-up found 2 cases of difficult urination in the control group but no complications in the experimental group. CONCLUSION: Ureteroscopic UCI is a safe, effective and minimally invasive treatment method for male urethral riding injury, and psychological nursing helps not only shorten the time of catheterization and hospitalization but also avoid postoperative complications.

Community structure and assembly of myxomycetes in northern Chinese forests under geographic barriers.

The study of myxomycete biogeography has a long-standing history and has consistently drawn scholarly interest. Nevertheless, studies focusing specifically on the spatial and temporal distribution patterns of myxomycete diversity are relatively limited, with even fewer investigating the mechanisms driving the generation and maintenance of myxomycete diversity. Therefore, this study selected two geographically distant sampling sites within northern Chinese forests to investigate myxomycete species composition, community structure, environmental drivers, and assembly patterns under geographic barriers. We established plots in the Altai Mountains (ALE) and the Greater Khingan Mountains (GKM), gathered bark and litter, and conducted 80-day moist chamber cultures of myxomycetes. Additionally, myxomycete specimens were collected in the field simultaneously to supplement the data set. This study collected 541 myxomycete specimens belonging to 73 species from 28 genera, spanning 12 families and eight orders. The ALE and the GKM had 20 identical species, accounting for 27% of the total species. Myxomycetes from both regions exhibited abundant occurrence 18 days after cultivation, with the quantity on bark substrates notably higher than on litter. Arcyria pomiformis and Comatricha elegans were the most common species in moist chamber cultures. Mantel test outcomes revealed that environmental factors had no significant impact on myxomycete community similarity between the two areas, aligning with findings from the neutral community model analysis, indicating a predominant influence of stochastic processes on myxomycete community structure in moist chamber cultures. This study represents the first application of a quantitative framework to analyze myxomycete community assembly cultivated in moist chambers.

Primary and Orthotopic Murine Models of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Reveal Molecular Mechanisms Underlying its Malignant Progression.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), a squamous cell carcinoma originating in the nasopharynx, is a leading malignancy in south China and other south and east Asia areas. It is frequently associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, while there are also some NPC patients without EBV infection. Here, it is shown that the EBV+ (EBV positive) and EBV- (EBV negative) NPCs contain both shared and distinct genetic abnormalities, among the latter are increased mutations in TP53. To investigate the functional roles of NPC-associated genetic alterations, primary, orthotopic, and genetically defined NPC models were developed in mice, a key tool missed in the field. These models, initiated with gene-edited organoids of normal nasopharyngeal epithelium, faithfully recapitulated the pathological features of human disease. With these models, it is found that Trp53 and Cdkn2a deficiency are crucial for NPC initiation and progression. And latent membrane protein1 (LMP1), an EBV-coding oncoprotein, significantly promoted the distal metastasis. Further, loss of TGFBR2, which is frequently disrupted both in EBV- and EBV+ NPCs, dramatically accelerated the progression and lung metastasis of NPC probably by altering tumor microenvironment. Taken together, this work establishes a platform to dissect the genetic mechanisms underlying NPC pathogenesis and might be of value for future translational studies.

Near Ultraviolet-Excitable Cyan-Emissive Hybrid Copper(I) Halides Nonlinear Optical Crystals with Near-Unity Photoluminescence Quantum Yield and High-Efficiency X-ray Scintillation.

Designing and synthesizing multifunctional hybrid copper halides with near ultraviolet (NUV) light-excited high-energy emission (<500 nm) remains challenging. Here, a pair of broadband-excited high-energy emitting isomers, namely, α-/ß-(MePh3P)2CuI3 (MePh3P=methyltriphenylphosphonium), were synthesized. α-(MePh3P)2CuI3 with blue emission peaking at 475 nm is firstly discovered wherein its structure contains regular [CuI3]2- triangles and crystallizes in centrosymmetric space group P21/c. While ß-(MePh3P)2CuI3 featuring distorted [CuI3]2- planar triangles shows inversion symmetry breaking and crystallizes in the noncentrosymmetric space group P21, which exhibits cyan emission peaking at 495 nm with prominent near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield and the excitation band ranging from 200 to 450 nm. Intriguingly, ß-(MePh3P)2CuI3 exhibits phase-matchable second-harmonic generation response of 0.54×KDP and a suitable birefringence of 0.06@1064 nm. Furthermore, ß-(MePh3P)2CuI3 also can be excited by X-ray radioluminescence with a high scintillation light yield of 16193 photon/MeV and an ultra-low detection limit of 47.97 nGy/s, which is only 0.87 % of the standard medical diagnosis (5.5 µGy/s). This work not only promotes the development of solid-state lighting, laser frequency conversion and X-ray imaging, but also provides a reference for constructing multifunctional hybrid metal halides.

Type-3 fuzzy logic and Lyapunov approach for dynamic modeling and analysis of financial markets.

Chaos theory offers a new way to investigate variations in financial markets data that cannot be obtained with traditional methods. The primary approach for diagnosing chaos is the existence of positive small Lyapunov views. The positive Lyapunov index indicates the average instability and the system's chaotic nature. The negativity indicates the average rate of non-chaoticness. In this paper, a new approach on basis of type-3 fuzzy logic systems is introduced for modeling the chaotic dynamics of financial data. Also, the attracting dimension tests and the Lyapunov views in the reconstructed dynamics are used for examinations. The simulations on case-study currency market show the applicability and good accuracy of the suggested approach.

A multiscale analysis of coralline algae Lithophylloideae (Corallinophycidae, Rhodophyta) shedding new light on understanding cryptic diversity.

Cryptic diversity abounds in many biological species, posing challenges to our understanding of biological diversity, conservation and management. Taking the common coralline algae, the subfamily Lithophylloideae as an illustration, this study delved into the implications of cryptic diversity through global-level phylogenetic and geographical analysis based upon Lithophylloideae molecular data worldwide, as well as a multi-locus time-calibrated phylogeny to elucidate their possible evolutionary process. The multiscale analysis revealed the polyphyly in current concept of the genus Lithophyllum. Geographic isolation resulting from the Tethys terminal event (TTE) has led to two distinct distribution regions for this so-called cosmopolitan genus: one regionally distributed along European coasts/Mediterranean that should include the taxonomical Lithophyllum; others widely distributed, particularly among pan-tropic waters, suggesting at least five groups to be rediscovered within the subfamily Lithophylloideae. Meanwhile, the cryptic genus Titanoderma, lacking morphological identification features with Lithophyllum, exhibited differences in distribution and evolutionary patterns consistent with their ecological habits, thus supporting their separation. This study provided useful hints for cryptic diversity, which advocated an integrative thinking to investigating global cryptic diversity and exploring the broad linkages between phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary origin, biogeography, morphological and ecological traits to achieve a more comprehensive understanding of biodiversity.

Prediction model of malnutrition in hospitalized patients with acute stroke.

OBJECTIVE: The prognosis of stroke patients is greatly threatened by malnutrition. However, there is no model to predict the risk of malnutrition in hospitalized stroke patients. This study developed a predictive model for identifying high-risk malnutrition in stroke patients. METHODS: Stroke patients from two tertiary hospitals were selected as the objects. Binary logistic regression was used to build the model. The model's performance was evaluated using various metrics including the receiver operating characteristic curve, Hosmer-Lemeshow test, sensitivity, specificity, Youden index, clinical decision curve, and risk stratification. RESULTS: A total of 319 stroke patients were included in the study. Among them, 27% experienced malnutrition while in the hospital. The prediction model included all independent variables, including dysphagia, pneumonia, enteral nutrition, Barthel Index, upper arm circumference, and calf circumference (all p < 0.05). The AUC area in the modeling group was 0.885, while in the verification group, it was 0.797. The prediction model produces greater net clinical benefit when the risk threshold probability is between 0% and 80%, as revealed by the clinical decision curve. All p values of the Hosmer test were > 0.05. The optimal cutoff value for the model was 0.269, with a sensitivity of 0.849 and a specificity of 0.804. After risk stratification, the MRS scores and malnutrition incidences increased significantly with escalating risk levels (p < 0.05) in both modeling and validation groups. CONCLUSIONS: This study developed a prediction model for malnutrition in stroke patients. It has been proven that the model has good differentiation and calibration.

Morphological and phylogenetic analyses reveal four species of myxomycetes new to China.

Four species of myxomycetes (Arcyria pseudodenudata, Diderma europaeum, Lycogala irregulare, and Trichia armillata) new to China were observed via light microscope and scanning electron microscope, and detailed descriptions and illustrations are provided, along with comparisons with related species. Among them, A. pseudodenudata was discovered for the first time outside of the type locality, D. europaeum was discovered for the first time outside of Europe, and L. irregulare and T. armillata were reported again after being named. Phylogenetic analyses based on nuclear 18S rDNA and elongation factor-1 alpha sequences or nuclear 18S rDNA and cytochrome oxidase subunit I sequences was performed to provide a molecular basis for morphological identification. These specimens were deposited in the Herbarium of Fungi of Nanjing Normal University.

Multifunctional electromagnetic wave absorbing carbon fiber/Ti3C2TX MXene fabric with superior near-infrared laser dependent photothermal antibacterial behaviors.

Developing multifunctional materials which could simultaneously possess anti-bacterial ability and electromagnetic (EM) absorption ability during medical care is quite essential since the EM waves radiation and antibiotic-resistant bacteria are threatening people's health. In this work, the multifunctional carbon fiber/Ti3C2Tx MXene (CM) were synthesized through repeated dip-coating and following in-situ growth method. The as-fabricated CF/MXene displayed outstanding EM wave absorption and highly efficient photothermal converting ability. The minimum reflection loss (RL) of -57.07 dB and ultra-broad absorption of 7.74 GHz could be achieved for CM composites. By growth of CoNi-layered double hydroxides (LDHs) sheets onto MXene, the absorption bandwidth for carbon fiber/Ti3C2Tx MXene layered double hydroxides (CML) could be reach 5.44 GHz, which could cover the whole Ku band. The excellent photothermal effect endow the CM composites with excellent antibacterial performance. The antibacterials tests indicated that nearly 100 % bactericidal efficiency against E. acoil and S. aureus was obtained for the CM composite after exposure to near-infrared region (NIR) irradiation. This work provides a promising candidate to combat medical device-related infections and EM pollution.

Fluoride impairs vascular smooth muscle A7R5 cell lines via disrupting amino acids metabolism.

Given the insidious and high-fatality nature of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), the emergence of fluoride as a newly identified risk factor demands serious consideration alongside traditional risk factors. While vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play a pivotal role in the progression of CVDs, the toxicological impact of fluoride on VSMCs remains largely uncharted. In this study, we constructed fluorosis model in SD rats and A7R5 aortic smooth muscle cell lines to confirm fluoride impaired VSMCs. Fluoride aggravated the pathological damage of rat aorta in vivo. Then A7R5 were exposed to fluoride with concentration ranging from 0 to 1200 µmol/L over a 24-h period, revealing a dose-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation and migration. The further metabolomic analysis showed alterations in metabolite profiles induced by fluoride exposure, notably decreasing organic acids and lipid molecules level. Additionally, gene network analysis underscored the frequency of fluoride's interference with amino acids metabolism, potentially impacting the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Our results also highlighted the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters pathway as a central element in VSMC impairment. Moreover, we observed a dose-dependent increase in osteopontin (OPN) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) mRNA level and a dose-dependent decrease in ABC subfamily C member 1 (ABCC1) and bestrophin 1 (BEST1) mRNA level. These findings advance our understanding of fluoride as a CVD risk factor and its influence on VSMCs and metabolic pathways, warranting further investigation into this emerging risk factor.

Highly Selective Protic-Solvent-Mediated Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Cuprous Bromides Achieving Structural Transformation.

The potential application of stimuli-responsive hybrid copper halides in information storage and switch devices has generated significant interest. However, their transformation mechanism needs to be further studied deeply. Herein, two zero-dimensional (0D) organic-inorganic hybrids, namely, (TBA)CuBr2 (1) with linear [CuBr2]- units and (TBA)2Cu4Br6 (2) with [Cu4Br6]2- clusters (TBA+ = (C4H9)4N+), are synthesized using simple solvent evaporation approaches. Interestingly, upon exposure to distinct protic solvents, such as methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, or hot water, 1 undergoes a transformation into 2 with varying degrees of transition, accompanied by a change in luminescence color from cyan to orange (or mixed color) under high-energy emission (e.g., 254 nm) excitation. Hot water can trigger 1 to completely transform into 2 because of its large contact angle difference in the solvents. Furthermore, 2 can be converted back to 1 through a simple solid-state mechanochemical reaction. Additionally, the structure of 2 remains unchanged even after immersion in 80 °C H2O for 168 h due to the dense organic framework. This study provides valuable insights for exploring reversible structural transformation materials in the 0D metal halide system.