RESUMEN
Traditional plants have played a significant role in human culture and medicine throughout history. These plants have the capability to synthesize a diverse range of chemical compounds that serve essential biological functions. This study's objective was to analyze the phytochemical composition of five traditional plants, namely Emilia sonchifolia, Chloranthus erectus, Caesalpinia mimosoides, Acacia concinna, and Tacca chantrieri, native to northern Thailand, using LC-QTOF/MS analysis and assess their potential bioactivity through various assays including DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, ferric ion reducing antioxidant power, total phenolic compounds, and total flavonoid content. The findings revealed the presence of natural bioactive compounds in each plant extract, which exhibited pharmacological activity. Notably, Caesalpinia mimosoides displayed the highest antioxidant capacity across all plant extracts (IC50 in DPPH with the methanol extract was 0.03 and 898.18 mg AAE/100 g with the ethanol extract), along with elevated levels of total phenolic and flavonoid content, which showed the highest TFC at 46.79 µgRE/g in the methanol extract. In conclusion, traditional plants possess notable biological constituents and antioxidant properties, suggesting their potential for bioactive applications. Based on these findings, these indigenous plants can serve as a valuable resource in traditional medicine, offering the possibility of uncovering new products with similar capabilities and additional therapeutic attributes worthy of future exploration.
RESUMEN
Gymnema inodorum (Lour.) Decne is a vegetable local to Chiang Mai Province of Northern Thailand. This study aimed to analyze the antioxidant and phytochemical potential of G. inodorum found in Chiang Mai Province; antioxidant compounds of G. inodorum were tested via DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays, and total phenolic compound and total flavonoid contents were analyzed. Anti-inflammatory effects were focused on regarding pharmacological potential. The gymnemic acid level was analyzed by HPLC-UV, and other potential chemicals were analyzed by LC-QTOF/MS. The quantifications of gymnemic acid contents analyzed using HPLC-UV showed that the highest gymnemic acid concentrations were found in the air-dried and roasted 1-day-fermented leaf extracts (0.1258 ± 0.0157 µg/mg). The highest free radical scavenging activity via DPPH assay was found in baked leaf extract, with an IC50 of 8.99 mg/mL, and via ABTS assay in baked and roasted leaf extracts, with an IC50 of 1.05 mg/mL. FRAP assays showed the highest free radical scavenging activity for the baked leaf extract, with 0.0085 ± 0.008 mM Fe2+/g sample. The total phenolic contents of fresh G. inodorum leaf extracts obtained with ethanol, methanol and water were 0.19 ± 0.0004, 0.21 ± 0.0010 and 0.10 ± 0.0008 µg GAE/g, respectively. The total flavonoid contents of fresh G. inodorum leaf extracts obtained with ethanol, methanol and water were 74.56 ± 28.00, 71.88 ± 16.11 and 10.74 ± 3.63 µg QE/g, respectively. The LC-QTOF/MS analysis of the fresh G. inodorum leaf extract showed that 6-hydroxykaempferol 7-rutinoside was the most abundant compound. In the study, G. inodorum, a plant local to Northern Thailand, is shown to be a useful plant with high antioxidant and phytochemical potential properties.
RESUMEN
The Smilacaceae family has been used as a food source and herbal medicine for a long time. This study aims to identify the phytochemicals extracted from Smilax glabra and Smilax corbularia by using LC-QTOF/MS analysis and determine their bioactive potential. Compounds were identified from S. glabra and S. corbularia extracts by LC-QTOF-MS and it was found that longistylin A and CAY10435 have higher degrees of matching compounds (99.66% and 99.87%). Smilax glabra showed antioxidant capacity, i.e., DPPH and ABTS at percentage inhibitions of 71.94 ± 1.46% and 59.84 ± 4.80%, respectively, and FRAP at 730.69 ± 33.62 mg AAE/100 g sample. The total phenolic compound contents of the ethanol, methanol, and water extracts were 0.017 ± 0.001, 0.015 ± 0.001, and 0.016 ± 0.001 mg GAE/g, respectively, while the total flavonoid contents were 0.043 ± 0.002, 0.033 ± 0.002, and 0.006 ± 0.003 mg QE/g, respectively. The anti-inflammatory capacity showed 97.26% protection and 2.74% hemolysis. The antimicrobial activity can inhibit Gram-positive bacteria with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 62.5 mg/mL and a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 500 mg/mL. Smilax corbularia showed antioxidant capacity, i.e., DPPH and ABTS at percentage inhibitions of 72.24 ± 0.64% and 39.87 ± 2.37%, respectively, and FRAP at 208.33 ± 50.80 mg AAE/100 g sample. The total phenolic compound contents of the ethanol, methanol, and water extracts were 0.006 ± 0.000, 0.007 ± 0.002, and 0.002 ± 0.001 mg GAE/g, respectively, while the total flavonoid contents of the ethanol and methanol extracts were 0.012 ± 0.001 and 0.008 ± 0.000 mg QE/g, respectively. The anti-inflammatory capacity showed 96.64% protection and 3.36% hemolysis. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts can inhibit Gram-positive bacteria with a MIC of 31.25 mg/mL and MBC of 125 mg/mL for the ethanol extract and a MIC of 125 mg/mL and MBC of 62.5 mg/mL for the methanol extract. In conclusion, Smilax glabra and Smilax corbularia were found to contain several phytochemicals that can be used for further study. Both Smilax species can also be used as sources of antioxidants and herbal medicines for killing Gram-positive bacteria.
