Hydrogen-Bonded Organic Frameworks for Antibiotic Fluorescent Sensing Artificial Intelligence-Enhanced Anticounterfeiting.

The paramount importance of anticounterfeiting measures in safeguarding consumers from counterfeit products lies in their ability to ensure product safety and reliability. Advanced luminescent anticounterfeiting materials, particularly those responsive to multiple stimuli, afford a dynamic and multilayered security assurance. This study presents the synthesis of a novel material, Eu/Tb@GC-3, via postsynthetic modification, which exhibits notable photoluminescent properties with emission at 544 and 614 nm. The material demonstrates high selectivity and sensitivity in detecting Nitrofural and Enrofloxacin, with limits of detection at 0.0122 and 0.0280 µM, respectively. Furthermore, multistimulus responsive luminescent fibers and inks were developed, facilitating intelligent anticounterfeiting labels. The integration of these labels with back-propagation neural networks (BPNNs) significantly enhances pattern recognition and authentication capabilities, providing an efficacious strategy to combat counterfeit products and ensure consumer safety.

Determination of Free Fatty Acids in Krill Oil during Storage Based on NH2-MMS.

In this study, amino-modified micro-mesoporous silica (NH2-MMS) with hierarchical pores was prepared by modifying micro-mesoporous silica ZSM-5 with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and used as an adsorbent in solid-phase extraction to analyze free fatty acids (FFAs) in krill oil during storage for an initial time. The Brunner Emmet Teller adsorption experiment and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy demonstrate that NH2-MMS, with a hierarchical pore structure, was successfully synthesized. The adsorption experiments, especially static adsorption, indicate that the absorption ability of the prepared NH2-MMS, with a hierarchical pore structure, toward FFAs was better than that of traditional amino-modified mesoporous silica (SBA-15) with a mesoporous structure at all temperature and concentrations. Fairly low limits of detection (0.06-0.15 µg g-1), acceptable recoveries (85.16-94.31%), and precision (0.08-5.26%) were attained under ideal circumstances. Moreover, NH2-MMS has the advantages of easy preparation and being environmentally friendly. As a result, this method offers an alternative to the current method for determining FFAs in different kinds of oil specimens.

Radiofrequency field inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation in RAW264.7 cells via modulating the NF-κB signaling pathway.

In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of radiofrequency exposure on RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation in RAW264.7 cells, along with the underlying mechanisms. RAW264.7 cells were subjected to radiofrequency exposure at three distinct power densities: 50 µW/cm2, 150 µW/cm2, and 450 µW/cm2. The results showed that, among the three dosage levels, exposure to 150 µW/cm2 of radiofrequency radiation significantly reduced the proliferation capacity of RAW264.7 cells. RF exposure at three power densities resulted in significant increases in the level of osteoclast apoptosis and notable decreases in osteoclast differentiation. Notably, the most pronounced effects on apoptosis, differentiation in RAW 264.7 cells were observed at the 150 µW/cm2 power density. These effects were accompanied by concurrent decreases in mRNA and protein levels of osteoclast-specific genes, including RANK, NFATc1, and TRACP. Furthermore, radiofrequency exposure at power density of 150 µW/cm2 induced a significant decrease in cytoplasmic NF-κB protein levels while increasing its nuclear fraction, thereby counteracting the effects of RANKL-induced NF-κB activation. These data suggest that radiofrequency exerts inhibitory properties on RANKL-induced NF-κB transcriptional activity, subsequently indirectly suppressing the expression of downstream NF-κB target genes, such as NFATc1 and TRACP. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that radiofrequency radiation effectively inhibits osteoclast differentiation by modulating the NF-κB signaling pathway. These findings have important implications for potential therapeutic interventions in osteoporosis.

Osteoporosis is a common bone disease where bones become weak and brittle, often leading to fractures. It frequently occurs in older adults, especially postmenopausal women, due to low estrogen levels and inadequate calcium intake. This causes increased activity of bone cells called osteoclasts which break down bone tissue, resulting in severe bone loss. Currently, the primary treatment is long-term use of medications like bisphosphonates. However, these drugs can have side effects. The main adverse reactions include fever, vomiting, rash, diarrhea, dizziness, abdominal pain, musculoskeletal pain, headache, allergic-like reactions, indigestion, edema, and ocular symptoms.This study explored using radiofrequency (RF) radiation as a safe, non-invasive alternative therapy for osteoporosis. RF radiation is a type of energy used in communications like cell phones and WiFi. We tested whether exposure to 900MHz RF radiation could inhibit the formation and activity of osteoclasts to prevent excessive bone breakdown.We treated osteoclast precursor cells with RANKL, a protein that stimulates osteoclast formation. Cells were then exposed to RF radiation at various intensities. The results showed that medium-level RF radiation (150 µW/cm²) significantly suppressed RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption capacity. This effect was like the osteoclast inhibition seen with estrogen treatment.Further analysis revealed that RF radiation blocks the activation of NF-κB, a key signaling molecule that promotes osteoclast formation when RANKL is present. This in turn reduced production of downstream signals like NFATc1 and TRACP which are essential for osteoclast differentiation.In summary, this study demonstrates that medium-intensity RF radiation could potentially prevent excessive osteoclastic bone resorption in osteoporosis patients by interfering with NF-κB signaling cascade. The research highlights RF radiation's promise as a novel, non-invasive osteoporosis therapy.

Regulation of corticosteroid-binding globulin release in murine leydig tumor cell line mLTC-1 by luteinizing hormone and interleukin-6.

Exogenous assaults interfere with homeostatic processes in the body by inducing stress responses. Corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) binds to stress hormone glucocorticoids to transport and dynamically control their availability to target tissues. In our previous study, we confirmed that CBG is locally produced by Leydig cells in the testes. Here, we explored the potential regulators of CBG using a murine Leydig tumor cell line (mLTC-1). Results indicated that luteinizing hormone (LH) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were important factors stimulating the release of CBG from mLTC-1 cells. In addition, IL-6 stimulated mLTC-1 cells to release alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT), a serine proteinase inhibitor (serpin) that affects CBG conformation. The results implied that any challenge that altered LH or IL-6 levels also changed the release and binding status of CBG with steroid hormones in the testicular microenvironment and modulated cellular responses to these stress hormones. In addition, secretory proteomic analysis indicated that the extracellular matrix (ECM), cytoskeleton, and proteasomes were essentially produced by the mLTC-1 cells, and LH evoked the secretion of proteins involved in binding and metabolism. These results emphasize that Leydig cells may undertake more functions than just steroidogenesis, and the regulation of Leydig cells by LH is versatile.

Rhodamine and related substances in food: Recent updates on pretreatment and analysis methods.

Rhodamine, a colorant prohibited in various consumer products due to its demonstrated carcinogenic, mutagenic, and toxic properties, necessitates the development of a straightforward, efficient, sensitive, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective analytical method. This review provides an overview of recent advancements in the pretreatment and determination techniques for rhodamine across diverse sample matrices since 2017. Sample preparation methods encompass both commonly used pretreatment techniques such as filtration, centrifugation, solvent extraction, and cloud point extraction, as well as innovative approaches including solid phase extraction, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction, magnetic solid phase extraction, and matrix solid phase dispersion. The analytical techniques encompass high performance liquid chromatography, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, and sensor-based methods. Furthermore, a comprehensive examination is conducted to offer insights for future research on rhodamine regarding the advantages, disadvantages, and advancements in various pretreatment and determination methodologies.

A lightweight network architecture for traffic sign recognition based on enhanced LeNet-5 network.

As an important part of the unmanned driving system, the detection and recognition of traffic sign need to have the characteristics of excellent recognition accuracy, fast execution speed and easy deployment. Researchers have applied the techniques of machine learning, deep learning and image processing to traffic sign recognition successfully. Considering the hardware conditions of the terminal equipment in the unmanned driving system, in this research work, the goal was to achieve a convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture that is lightweight and easily implemented for an embedded application and with excellent recognition accuracy and execution speed. As a classical CNN architecture, LeNet-5 network model was chosen to be improved, including image preprocessing, improving spatial pool convolutional neural network, optimizing neurons, optimizing activation function, etc. The test experiment of the improved network architecture was carried out on German Traffic Sign Recognition Benchmark (GTSRB) database. The experimental results show that the improved network architecture can obtain higher recognition accuracy in a short interference time, and the algorithm loss is significantly reduced with the progress of training. At the same time, compared with other lightweight network models, this network architecture gives a good recognition result, with a recognition accuracy of 97.53%. The network structure is simple, the algorithm complexity is low, and it is suitable for all kinds of terminal equipment, which can have a wider application in unmanned driving system.

[Results of Lung Cancer Screening with Low-dose Computed Tomography 
and Exploration of Risk Factors in Guangzhou].

BACKGROUND: Both of lung cancer incidence and mortality rank first among all cancers in China. Previous lung cancer screening trials were mostly selective screening for high-risk groups such as smokers. Non-smoking women accounted for a considerable proportion of lung cancer cases in Asia. This study aimed to evaluate the outcome of community-based mass screening in Guangzhou and identify the high-risk factors for lung cancer. METHODS: Residents aged 40-74 years in Guangzhou were screened with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) for lung cancer and the pulmonary nodules were classified and managed according to China National Lung Cancer Screening Guideline with Low-dose Computed Tomography (2018 version). The detection rate of positive nodules was calculated. Before the LDCT examination, residents were required to complete a "lung cancer risk factors questionnaire". The risk factors of the questionnaire were analyzed by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) penalized Logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: A total of 6256 residents were included in this study. 1228 positive nodules (19.63%) and 117 lung cancers were confirmed, including 6 cases of Tis, 103 cases of stage I (accounting for 88.03% of lung cancer). The results of LASSO penalized Logistic regression analysis indicated that age ≥50 yr (OR=1.07, 95%CI: 1.06-1.07), history of cancer (OR=3.29, 95%CI: 3.22-3.37), textile industry (OR=1.10, 95%CI: 1.08-1.13), use coal for cooking in childhood (OR=1.14, 95%CI: 1.13-1.16) and food allergy (OR=1.10, 95%CI: 1.07-1.13) were risk factors of lung cancer for female in this district. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlighted that numerous early stages of lung cancer cases were detected by LDCT, which could be applied to screening of lung cancer in women. Besides, age ≥50 yr, personal history of cancer, textile industry and use coal for cooking in childhood are risk factors for women in this district, which suggested that it's high time to raise the awareness of early lung cancer screening in this group.

Sex differences in aberrant functional connectivity of three core networks and subcortical networks in medication-free adolescent-onset major depressive disorder.

Major depressive disorder demonstrated sex differences in prevalence and symptoms, which were more pronounced during adolescence. Yet, research on sex-specific brain network characteristics in adolescent-onset major depressive disorder remains limited. This study investigated sex-specific and nonspecific alterations in resting-state functional connectivity of three core networks (frontoparietal network, salience network, and default mode network) and subcortical networks in adolescent-onset major depressive disorder, using seed-based resting-state functional connectivity in 50 medication-free patients with adolescent-onset major depressive disorder and 56 healthy controls. Irrespective of sex, compared with healthy controls, adolescent-onset major depressive disorder patients showed hypoconnectivity between bilateral hippocampus and right superior temporal gyrus (default mode network). More importantly, we further found that females with adolescent-onset major depressive disorder exhibited hypoconnectivity within the default mode network (medial prefrontal cortex), and between the subcortical regions (i.e. amygdala, striatum, and thalamus) with the default mode network (angular gyrus and posterior cingulate cortex) and the frontoparietal network (dorsal prefrontal cortex), while the opposite patterns of resting-state functional connectivity alterations were observed in males with adolescent-onset major depressive disorder, relative to their sex-matched healthy controls. Moreover, several sex-specific resting-state functional connectivity changes were correlated with age of onset, sleep disturbance, and anxiety in adolescent-onset major depressive disorder with different sex. These findings suggested that these sex-specific resting-state functional connectivity alterations may reflect the differences in brain development or processes related to early illness onset, underscoring the necessity for sex-tailored diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in adolescent-onset major depressive disorder.

Miniaturized Electrochemical Sensing Platforms for Quantitative Monitoring of Glutamate Dynamics in the Central Nervous System.

Glutamate is one of the most important excitatory neurotransmitters within the mammalian central nervous system. The role of glutamate in regulating neural network signaling transmission through both synaptic and extra-synaptic paths highlights the importance of the real-time and continuous monitoring of its concentration and dynamics in living organisms. Progresses in multidisciplinary research have promoted the development of electrochemical glutamate sensors through the co-design of materials, interfaces, electronic devices, and integrated systems. This review summarizes recent works reporting various electrochemical sensor designs and their applicability as miniaturized neural probes to in vivo sensing within biological environments. We start with an overview of the role and physiological significance of glutamate, the metabolic routes, and its presence in various bodily fluids. Next, we discuss the design principles, commonly employed validation models/protocols, and successful demonstrations of multifunctional, compact, and bio-integrated devices in animal models. The final section provides an outlook on the development of the next generation glutamate sensors for neuroscience and neuroengineering, with the aim of offering practical guidance for future research.

Identification and Characterization of Bacterial Alliinase: Resource and Substrate Stereospecificity.

Limited alliinase resources cause difficulties in the biosynthesis of thiosulfinates (e.g., allicin), restricting their applications in the agricultural and food industries. To effectively biosynthesize thiosulfinates, this study aimed to excavate bacterial alliinase resources and elucidate their catalytic properties. Two bacterial cystathionine ß-lyases (MetCs) possessing high alliinase activity (>60 U mg -1) toward L-(-)-alliin were identified from Allium sativum rhizosphere isolates. Metagenomic exploration revealed that cystathionine ß-lyase from Bacillus cereus (BcPatB) possessed high activity toward both L-(±)-alliin and L-(+)-alliin (208.6 and 225.1 U mg -1), respectively. Although these enzymes all preferred l-cysteine S-conjugate sulfoxides as substrates, BcPatB had a closer phylogenetic relationship with Allium alliinases and shared several similar features with A. sativum alliinase. Interestingly, the Trp30Ile31Ala32Asp33 Met34 motif in a cuspate loop of BcPatB, especially sites 31 and 32 at the top of the motif, was modeled to locate near the sulfoxide of L-(+)-alliin and is important for substrate stereospecificity. Moreover, the stereoselectivity and activity of mutants I31V and A32G were higher toward L-(+)-alliin than those of mutant I31L/D33E toward L-(-)-alliin. Using bacterial alliinases and chemically synthesized substrates, we obtained thiosulfinates with high antimicrobial and antinematode activities that could provide insights into the protection of crops and food.

RBM22 regulates RNA polymerase II 5' pausing, elongation rate, and termination by coordinating 7SK-P-TEFb complex and SPT5.

BACKGROUND: Splicing factors are vital for the regulation of RNA splicing, but some have also been implicated in regulating transcription. The underlying molecular mechanisms of their involvement in transcriptional processes remain poorly understood. RESULTS: Here, we describe a direct role of splicing factor RBM22 in coordinating multiple steps of RNA Polymerase II (RNAPII) transcription in human cells. The RBM22 protein widely occupies the RNAPII-transcribed gene locus in the nucleus. Loss of RBM22 promotes RNAPII pause release, reduces elongation velocity, and provokes transcriptional readthrough genome-wide, coupled with production of transcripts containing sequences from downstream of the gene. RBM22 preferentially binds to the hyperphosphorylated, transcriptionally engaged RNAPII and coordinates its dynamics by regulating the homeostasis of the 7SK-P-TEFb complex and the association between RNAPII and SPT5 at the chromatin level. CONCLUSIONS: Our results uncover the multifaceted role of RBM22 in orchestrating the transcriptional program of RNAPII and provide evidence implicating a splicing factor in both RNAPII elongation kinetics and termination control.

Efficient Multi-stimulus-Responsive Luminescent Eu(III)-Modified HOFs Materials: Detecting Thiram and Caffeic Acid and Constructing a Flexible Substrate Anti-counterfeiting Platform.

The powerful capability of multi-stimulus-responsive luminescent hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) to respond to external chemical or physical stimuli in various manners makes them appealing in the luminescence anti-counterfeiting field. Herein, a novel Eu3+-functionalized HOF (Eu@GC-2) that combines the emission of HOFs with the characteristic emission of Eu3+ ions has been successfully synthesized, which can generate various fluorescence at different excitation wavelengths. Eu@GC-2 has enormous potential as a raw material for a paper-based sensor that is designed for detecting the pesticides thiram and caffeic acid in crops with favorable selectivity, anti-interference, and high efficiency. Based on the above excellent properties, Ln3+-functionalized HOFs (Ln@GC-2) were then employed to produce four luminescent anti-counterfeiting inks. With the incorporation of back-propagation neural network and Gray code conversion functions, a multi-stimulus-responsive luminescent anti-counterfeiting platform, coregulated by the excitation light and the chemical reagent, has been constructed. This approach can not only achieve multiple encryptions and fast information identification but also enhance the code-breaking complexity, making it an efficient strategy for information encryption and decryption.

Deciphering the molecular and functional basis of TMexCD1: the plasmid-encoded efflux pump of resistance-nodulation-division superfamily.

Horizontal gene transfer has been demonstrated to be an important driver for the emergency of multidrug-resistant pathogens. Recently, a transferable gene cluster tmexCD1-toprJ1 of the resistance-nodulation-division (RND) superfamily was identified in the plasmids of animal-derived Klebsiella pneumoniae strains, with a higher efflux capacity for various drugs than the Escherichia coli AcrAB-TolC homolog system. In this study, we focused on the differences in the inner membrane pump of these two systems and identified some key residues that contribute to the robust efflux activity of the TMexCD1 system. With the aid of homologous modeling and molecular docking, eight residues from the proximal binding pocket (PBP) and nine from the distal binding pocket (DBP) were selected and subjected to site-directed mutagenesis. Several of them, such as S134, I139, D181, and A290, were shown to be important for substrate binding in the DBP region, and all residues in PBP and DBP showed certain substrate preferences. Apart from the conservative switch loop (L613-623TMexD1) previously identified in the E. coli AcrB (EcAcrB), a relatively unconservative loop (L665-675TMexD1) at the bottom of PBP was proposed as a critical element for the robust activity of TMexD1, due to variations at sites E669, G670, N673, and S674 compared to EcAcrAB, and the significantly altered efflux activity due to their mutations. The conservation and flexibility of these key factors can contribute to the evolution of the RND efflux pumps and thus serve as potential targets for developing inhibitors to block the widespread of the TMexCD1 system.

Radiomics analysis of R2* maps to predict early recurrence of single hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatectomy.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of radiomics analysis with R2* maps in predicting early recurrence (ER) in single hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) following partial hepatectomy. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis involving 202 patients with surgically confirmed single HCC having undergone preoperative magnetic resonance imaging between 2018 and 2021 at two different institutions. 126 patients from Institution 1 were assigned to the training set, and 76 patients from Institution 2 were assigned to the validation set. A least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regularization was conducted to operate a logistic regression, then features were identified to construct a radiomic score (Rad-score). Uni- and multi-variable tests were used to assess the correlations of clinicopathological features and Rad-score with ER. We then established a combined model encompassing the optimal Rad-score and clinical-pathological risk factors. Additionally, we formulated and validated a predictive nomogram for predicting ER in HCC. The nomogram's discrimination, calibration, and clinical utility were thoroughly evaluated. Results: Multivariable logistic regression revealed the Rad-score, microvascular invasion (MVI), and α fetoprotein (AFP) level > 400 ng/mL as significant independent predictors of ER in HCC. We constructed a nomogram based on these significant factors. The areas under the receiver operator characteristic curve of the nomogram and precision-recall curve were 0.901 and 0.753, respectively, with an F1 score of 0.831 in the training set. These values in the validation set were 0.827, 0.659, and 0.808. Conclusion: The nomogram that integrates the radiomic score, MVI, and AFP demonstrates high predictive efficacy for estimating the risk of ER in HCC. It facilitates personalized risk classification and therapeutic decision-making for HCC patients.

Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the heterogeneity of hepatic non-parenchymal cell responses to chronic PFO5DoDA exposure in male mice.

Perfluoroalkyl ether carboxylic acids (PFECA) have emerged as novel alternatives to legacy per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Existing research has revealed hepatoxicity induced by various PFAS, including PFECA. However, these studies have primarily focused on overall changes in whole liver tissue, particularly in hepatocytes, with the impact of PFAS on diverse liver non-parenchymal cells (NPCs) still inadequately understood. In the present study, we examined the heterogeneous responses of hepatic NPCs following exposure to perfluoro-3,5,7,9,11-pentaoxadodecanoic acid (PFO5DoDA), a type of PFECA, by administering PFO5DoDA (5 µg/L)-contaminated water to male mice for one year. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of 15 008 cells from the liver identified 10 distinct NPC populations. Notably, although relative liver weight remained largely unchanged following exposure to 5 µg/L PFO5DoDA, there was an observed increase in proliferating cells, indicating that proliferating NPCs may contribute to the hepatomegaly frequently noted in PFAS-exposed livers. There was also a considerable alteration in the composition of hepatic NPCs. Specifically, the total number of B cells decreased substantially, while many other cells, such as monocytes and macrophages, increased after PFO5DoDA exposure. In addition, interactions among the hepatic NPC populations changed variously after PFO5DoDA exposure. The findings emphasize the heterogeneity in the responses of hepatic NPCs to PFO5DoDA exposure. Taken together, the changes in immune cell populations and their intercellular interactions suggest that PFO5DoDA disrupts immune homeostasis in the liver. These findings offer new insights into the cellular mechanisms of PFAS-induced liver damage.

Physiological Functions of the Cello-Oligosaccharides Binding CebE in the Pathogenic Streptomyces sp. AMCC400023.

Potato common scab, an economically important disease worldwide, is caused by pathogenic Streptomyces strains mainly through the effects of thaxtomin. The cello-oligosaccharides binding protein CebE is proposed as a gateway to the pathogenic development of Streptomyces scabiei. In this study, two functional CebE encoding genes, GEO5601 and GEO7671, were identified in pathogenic Streptomyces sp. AMCC400023. With a higher binding affinity towards signal molecules, the deletion of GEO5601 severely impaired thaxtomin-producing capacity and reduced the strain's pathogenicity. Transcriptional analysis confirmed that CebE5601 is also responsible for the import and provision of carbon sources for cell growth. With lower binding affinity, the pathogenicity island (PAI)-localized CebE7671 may assume a new function of mediating the biological process of sporulation, given the significantly impaired formation of ΔGEO7671 spores. The mechanisms of action of CebE proteins unraveled in Streptomyces sp. AMCC400023 will help pave the way for more effective prevention of the potato common scab disease.

Photodynamic Therapy Derived Personalized Whole Cell Tumor Vaccine Prevents Postsurgery Tumor Recurrence and Metastasis.

In order to avoid the time-consuming and laborious identification of tumor-specific antigens (TSAs) during the traditional vaccine fabrication process, a versatile photodynamic therapy (PDT)-based method is developed to construct a whole-tumor antigen tumor vaccine (TV) from surgically resected tumor tissues for personalized immunotherapy. Mucoadhesive nanoparticles containing small-molecular photosensitizer are fabricated and directly co-incubated with suspended tumor cells obtained after cytoreduction surgery. After irradiation with a 405 nm laser, potent immunogenic cell death of cancer cells could be induced. Along with the release of TSAs, the as-prepared TV could activate safe and robust tumor-specific immune responses, leading to efficient suppression of postsurgery tumor recurrence and metastasis. The as-prepared TV cannot only be applied alone through various administration routes but also synergize with immunoadjuvant, chemotherapeutics, and immune checkpoint blockers to exert more potent immune responses. This work provides an alternative way to promote the clinical translation of PDT, which is generally restricted by the limited penetration of light. Moreover, the versatile strategy of vaccine fabrication also facilitates the clinical application of personalized whole-cell tumor vaccines.

Determination of free fatty acids in edible oil based on hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles.

In our study, ammoniated hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles (NH2-HMSN) with uniform diameter and stable structure were successively prepared via SiO2 core hard template method. Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy revealed that amino group was effectively modified. Adsorption experiments showed that adsorption capacity of NH2-HMSN towards free fatty acids (FFAs) was superior to aminated mesopores or silica microspheres. Following through optimization of extraction conditions, FFAs from edible oil samples were successfully gathered by NH2-HMSN and showed favorable linearities (0.2-90 µg g-1), remarkably low limit of detections (0.03-0.15 nmol g-1), acceptable recoveries (85.08-96.82 %) and relatively accurate precisions (1.64-4.99 %). In comparison to existing adsorbent, NH2-HMSN could be successfully prepared via the chemical reaction of common raw materials under normal pressure and temperature. Furthermore, NH2-HMSN with hollow and mesoporous structure was more effective than the current adsorbents aimed at FFAs analysis in aspect of surface area and adsorption capacity.

An Intelligent and Soluble Microneedle Composed of Bi/BiVO4 Schottky Heterojunction for Tumor Ct Imaging and Starvation/Gas Therapy-Promoted Synergistic Cancer Treatment.

Phototherapy and sonodynamic therapy (SDT) are widely used for the synergistic treatment of tumors and have received considerable attention. However, an inappropriate tumor microenvironment, including pH, H2O2, oxygen, and glutathione levels, can reduce the therapeutic effects of synergistic phototherapy and SDT. Here, a novel Bi-based soluble microneedle (MN) is designed for the CT imaging of breast tumors and starvation therapy/gas therapy-enhanced phototherapy/SDT. The optimized Bi/BiVO4 Schottky heterojunction serves as the tip of the MN, which not only has excellent photothermal conversion ability and CT contrast properties, but its heterojunction can also avoid the rapid combination of electrons and hole pairs, thereby enhancing the photodynamic/sonodynamic effects. A degradable MN with excellent mechanical properties is fabricated by optimizing the ratios of poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(vinyl pyrrolidone), and sodium hyaluronate. Glucose oxidase (GOx) and diallyl trisulfide are loaded into the MN to achieve tumor starvation and gas therapy, respectively; And the controlled release of GOx and H2S can be achieved under ultrasound or near-infrared laser irradiation. The in vitro and in vivo results demonstrate that this multifunctional MN can achieve high therapeutic efficacy through starvation therapy/gas therapy-enhanced phototherapy/SDT. The designed multifunctional MN provides a prospective approach for synergistic phototherapy and SDT.

Overexpression of LINC00853 enhances tumorigenesis and metastasis of gastric cancer.

Gastric cancer (GC) is a rising global health issue, with increasing incidence and mortality rates. The pathogenesis of GC is highly complex and involves a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Therefore, identifying new genes and pathways that contribute to the development and progression of GC is essential for improving diagnosis and treatment outcomes. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have recently emerged as a promising area of research in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying various cancers, including GC. These RNA molecules are longer than 200 nucleotides and do not code proteins. Although initially considered "junk DNA", lncRNAs have been demonstrated to play significant roles in various biological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, as well as in the pathogenesis of various cancers. In this study, we screened clinical specimens for a novel lncRNA, LINC00853, which showed high expression in GC tissues and promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of GC cells. Furthermore, in vivo experiments confirmed its ability to facilitate the growth and metastasis of GC. These results suggest that LINC00853 plays a crucial role in the development and progression of GC.