[Distribution Prediction of Soil Heavy Metals Based on Remote Sensing Temporal-Spatial-Spectral Features and Random Forest Model].

Obtaining soil heavy metal content characteristics and spatial distribution is crucial for preventing soil pollution and formulating environmental protection policies. We collected 304 surface soil samples (0-20 cm) in the Changqing district. At the same time, the spectral, temporal, and spatial features of soil heavy metals were derived from multi-remote sensing data; the temporal-spatial-spectral features closely related to soil heavy metals were selected via correlation analysis and used as input independent variables. The measured soil arsenic (As) content was used as the dependent variable to establish a spatial prediction model based on the random forest (RF) algorithm. The results showed the following:the As content in the soils exceeded the background value by 43.17% but did not exceed the risk screening values and intervention values, indicating slight heavy metal pollution in the soil. The accuracy ranking of the spatial prediction models with one feature type from high to low was spatial features (ratio of performance to inter-quartile range (RPIQ)=3.87)>temporal features (RPIQ=2.57)>spectral features (RPIQ=2.50). The spatial features were the most informative for predicting soil heavy metals. The models using temporal-spatial, temporal-spectral, and spatial-spectral features were superior to those using only one feature type, and the RPIQ values were 4.81, 4.21, and 4.70, respectively. The RF model with temporal-spatial-spectral features achieved the highest spatial prediction accuracy (R2=0.90; root mean square error (RMSE)=0.77; RPIQ=5.68). The As content decreased from the northwest to the southeast due to Yellow River erosion and industrial activities. The spatial prediction of soil heavy metals incorporating remote sensing temporal-spatial-spectral features and the random forest model provides effective support for soil pollution prevention and environmental risk control.

Case report: 177Lu DOTA-TATE: a new scheme for the treatment of prostate neuroendocrine cancer.

Background: Most instances of small cell carcinoma originate from the lungs, while the gastrointestinal tract serves as a secondary site. Only a minuscule proportion of cases manifest within the urogenital system. Prostate small cell carcinoma (SCCP) represents an exceedingly uncommon pathological subtype within the realm of prostate cancer, displaying significant rarity in clinical settings. This scarcity has resulted in a paucity of adequate foundational and clinical research for SCCP treatment. While investigations have unveiled a certain therapeutic efficacy of radiotherapy and chemotherapy for SCCP, clinical practice has revealed suboptimal treatment outcomes. We hereby present a case report detailing the utilization of 177Lu-DOTA-TATE in the treatment of SCCP, aiming to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of 177Lu-DOTA-TATE for SCCP. Case presentation: A male patient in his 80s presented with elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels and underwent a biopsy that revealed prostate adenocarcinoma. The patient received CAB (bicalutamide + goserelin) therapy. One year later, disease progression was detected, and a second biopsy confirmed the presence of prostate small cell carcinoma. Following the diagnosis of prostate small cell carcinoma, the patient underwent two cycles of 177Lu-DOTA-TATE treatment. Subsequent to the treatment, the original lesions showed shrinkage, metastatic lesions disappeared, and there was significant improvement, approaching complete remission. Conclusion: SCCP exhibits a high degree of malignancy and aggressive invasiveness, currently lacking effective therapeutic modalities. The treatment course of this patient serves as compelling evidence for the efficacy of 177Lu-DOTA-TATE in managing SCCP, thereby opening new avenues for future SCCP treatments.

Harm Avoidance is Correlated with the Reward System in Adult Patients with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study.

Objective: Hypoactivity in the reward system among patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a well-known phenomenon. Whether the activity in the reward pathway is related to harm avoidance, such as in sensitivity to punishment, is unclear. Evidence regarding the potential difference between ADHD patients and controls in terms of this association is scarce. Methods: Event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging was conducted on subjects performing the Iowa gambling test. Fourteen adults with ADHD and 14 controls were enrolled in the study. Results: Harm avoidance was found to be positively correlated with the activities of the bilateral orbitofrontal cortex and right insula in individuals with ADHD. A group difference was also confirmed. Conclusion: Understanding the roles of harm avoidance and brain activation during risk tasks is important.

Bone flare after initiation of novel hormonal therapy in patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer: A case report.

BACKGROUND: The 2020 European Association of Urology prostate cancer guidelines recommend androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in combination with apalutamide and enzalutamide, a new generation of androgen receptor antagonists, as first-line therapy. A decrease in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels may occur in the early stages of novel hormonal therapy; however, radionuclide bone imaging may suggest disease progression. During follow-up, PSA, radionuclide bone imaging, and prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography - computed tomography (PET-CT) are needed for systematic evaluation. CASE SUMMARY: We admitted a 56-year-old male patient with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. Initial radionuclide bone imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and PSMA PET-CT showed prostate cancer with multiple bone metastases. Ultrasound-guided needle biopsy of the prostate revealed a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the prostate with a Gleason score: 5+4 = 9. The final diagnosis was a prostate adenocarcinoma (T4N1M1). ADT with novel hormonal therapy (goseraline sustained-release implant 3.6 mg monthly and apalutamide 240 mg daily) was commenced. Three months later, radionuclide bone imaging and MRI revealed advanced bone metastasis. However, PSMA PET-CT examination showed a significant reduction in PSMA aggregation on the bone, indicating improved bone metastases. Considering that progressive decrease in the presenting lumbar pain, treatment strategies were considered to be effective. CONCLUSION: ADT using novel hormonal therapy is effective for treating patients with prostate adenocarcinoma. Careful evaluation must precede treatment plan changes.

A pilot study on the association between the blood oxygen level-dependent signal in the reward system and dopamine transporter availability in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

BACKGROUND: It is well-known that attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with changes in the dopaminergic system. However, the relationship between central dopaminergic tone and the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal during receipt of rewards and penalties in the corticostriatal pathway in adults with ADHD is unclear. METHODS: Single-photon emission computed tomography with [99mTC]TRODAT-1 was used to assess striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) availability. Event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging was conducted on subjects performing the Iowa Gambling Test. RESULT: DAT availability was found to be associated with the BOLD response, which was a covariate of monetary loss, in the medial prefrontal cortex (r = 0.55, P = .03), right ventral striatum (r = 0.69, P = .003), and right orbital frontal cortex (r = 0.53, P = .03) in adults with ADHD. However, a similar correlation was not found in the controls. CONCLUSIONS: The results confirmed that dopaminergic tone may play a different role in the penalty-elicited response of adults with ADHD. It is plausible that a lower neuro-threshold accompanied by insensitivity to punishment could be exacerbated by the hypodopaminergic tone in ADHD.

Orbitofrontal dysfunction during the reward process in adults with ADHD: An fMRI study.

OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to detect differences in the reward response between adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and healthy controls (HCs) using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). METHODS: The Iowa gambling task (IGT) was designed to explore participants' reward-related decision-making in relation to selections during risky behaviors. Twenty adults with ADHD and 20 HCs were enrolled. fMRI with a modified IGT was performed. RESULTS: The adults with ADHD showed a poorer performance in terms of avoidance during risky behaviors. The fMRI results indicated that the adults with ADHD had significantly lower orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) activation. A positive correlation between performance in the IGT and brain activation in the OFC was detected. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggested that the adults with ADHD exhibited abnormal OFC responses during decision-making. SIGNIFICANCE: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to use fMRI to collect brain activation data while performing the IGT in adults with ADHD. Our findings suggest that deficits in reward processing in ADHD are still present during adulthood.

Superconductivity and phase stability of potassium-doped biphenyl.

Phenyl molecules are proposed as potential high-temperature superconductors due to exhibiting interesting properties. Here, we report the discovery of superconductivity with the critical temperature (Tc) of ∼7.2 Kelvin in potassium (K)-doped biphenyl (C12H10). The dc magnetic susceptibility measurements provide solid evidence for the presence of the Meissner effect in KxC12H10. The Raman spectra detected bipolaronic characteristics in this superconducting state, which are proposed to account for the electron pairing. Theoretical simulations provided the information of the crystal structure of KxC12H10. Combining XRD data with formation energy, we suggest that the superconducting phase corresponds to K2C12H10 or with a small charge fluctuation in a layered structure. The discovery of superconductivity in K-doped biphenyl vastly expands the potential applications in the superconducting field.

Expression of TET and 5-HmC in Trophoblast Villi of Women with Normal Pregnancy and with Early Pregnancy Loss.

Increasing evidence suggests that epigenetic dysfunction may influence the stability of normal pregnancy. The ten-eleven translocation (TET) family and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) were found to be linked with epigenetic reprogramming. The present study aimed to examine the expression of the TET family and 5-hmC in the villi of human embryos and compared their expression between normal pregnancy and early pregnancy loss (EPL). Embryonic villi were collected from normal pregnant women (control) experiencing medical abortion and from EPL patients at gestation ages of 6, 7 and 8 weeks. The mRNAs of TET family were analysed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and TET proteins using Western blotting and immunohistochemical analysis. The MethylFlash™ Kit was used to quantify the absolute amount of 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) and 5-hmC. Our results showed that the expression of the TETs and 5-hmC in the normal villus decreased with increasing gestational age. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the TET proteins were expressed in the cytoplasm of trophoblasts and their expression was the highest in the 6-week tissue samples, which was consistent with the qPCR and Western blot results. The expression of TET1, TET2, and TET3 was lower in the villi in EPL group than in normal pregnancy group (P<0.05 for all). It was concluded that the TET family and 5-hmC are critical in epigenetic reprogramming of human embryo. The findings also suggest that a deficiency of TETs in the villus might be associated with human EPL.

[Nitrogen flow characteristic and use efficiency in mixed crop-livestock system in North China Plain: Hebei Jinlong Circular Agriculture Farm as an example]. / åŽåŒ—å¹³åŽŸç§å »ä¸€ä½“è§„æ¨¡åŒ–å†œåœºæ°®ç´ æµåŠ¨ç‰¹å¾åŠåˆ©ç”¨æ•ˆçŽ‡­­ä»¥æ²³åŒ—津龙循环农业园区为例.

Scale and intensive development of mixed crop-livestock agriculture is inevitable in North China Plain (NCP), and nitrogen (N) is one of the key elements that linked the crop and livestock production. Here, we used Hebei Jinlong Circular Agriculture Farm as an example, to analyze the N flow and use efficiency, by using data from literature, on-farm survey and modeling. Further, several on-farm N management improvement practices were proposed and evaluated through scenario analysis, to supply technical support and scientific basis not only for achieving higher N use efficiency and productivity at the farm level, but also providing a new model of circular agriculture in NCP. Our results indicated that manure and purchased fertilizer were the main N input in crop production, which amounted to 674.6 kg N·hm-2·a-1 and accounted for 88.3% of the total N input. Of all the N input in crop production system, only 41.5% ended up in the crop products and around 190.7 kg N·hm-2·a-1 surplus. The excess input of synthetic fertilizer was the main reason for low N use efficiency and high N surplus for crop system. Purchased feed was the main N input pathway in livestock production system, and accounted for 83.2% of the total N input. The annual N excretion rate was 776.6 t N, and around 36.3% of the excreted N was recycled to the crop system. The N use efficiency was 19.7% for livestock production system. The N use efficiency was 40.7% at the whole farm level. The scenarios analysis showed that reducing purchased fertilizer N input by 50% (scenario 1) and increasing the total maize production via adjustment of cropping structure (scenario 2) would increase the N use efficiency in cropping system by 18.7% and 9.8%, respectively. The whole farm use efficiency could be increased by 19.1% through optimizing the feed compositions and regimes (scenario 3). Therefore, reducing purchased fertilizer N input, adjustment of cropping structure and optimizing the feed compositions could increase the N production capacity and achieve an environmental friendly mixed crop-livestock production system simultaneously in NCP.