Two new cytochalasins from the endophytic fungus Xylaria sp. GDGJ-77B.

Two new open-chain cytochalasins, xylarchalasins A and B (1 and 2), together with six known analogues (3-8), were isolated from the endophytic fungus Xylaria sp. GDGJ-77B from the Chinese medicinal plant Sophora tonkinensis. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of comprehensive spectroscopic analysis. Compound 2 displayed moderate antibacterial activities against Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli with MIC values of 25 and 12.5 µg/mL, respectively.

Cycloaspeptide H, a cyclopentapeptide from the endophytic fungus Penicillium virgatum.

One new cyclopentapeptide, cycloaspeptide H (1), featuring a serine residue, along with seven known compounds (2-8), was isolated from the endophytic fungus Penicillium virgatum GDGJ-227. The planar structure of 1 was elucidated by a comprehensive analysis of NMR and MS spectroscopic spectra, and the absolute configuration was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (Cu Kα) analysis. Compounds 7 and 8 displayed antibacterial activities against Bacillus subtilis and Enterobacter aerogenes with MIC values ranging from 12.5 to 50 µg/mL.

Three new andrastin derivatives from the endophytic fungus Penicillium vulpinum.

Three new andrastin derivatives, 10-formyl andrastone A (1), 10-demethylated andrastone A (2) and andrastin G (3), together with four known andrastin analogues (4-7) were isolated from an endophytic fungus Penicillium vulpinum. Their structures were determined by 1 D, 2 D NMR, and the absolute configurations were further determined by experimental and calculated ECD spectra. Compound 5 exhibited significant antibacterial activity against Bacillus paratyphosus B with an MIC value of 6.25 µg·mL-1. Compounds 2 and 6 showed remarkable inhibitory activities against Bacillus megaterium with the MIC value of 6.25 µg·mL-1, respectively.

Anti-Vibrio Indole-Diterpenoids and C-25 Epimeric Steroids From the Marine-Derived Fungus Penicillium janthinellum.

A systematic chemical exploration of the marine-derived fungus Penicillium janthinellum led to the isolation of four indole-diterpenoid derivatives (1-4), including new penijanthines C and D (1 and 2), and a pair of new steroidal epimers, penijanthoids A and B (5 and 6). The calculated ECD spectra and Snatzke's method for the new compound 1 were carried out to determine its absolute configuration. The absolute configuration of 3 was established by X-ray diffraction and calculated ECD methods for the first time. DP4plus approach was used to elucidate the absolute configurations of the C-25 epimeric steroids 5 and 6. 25-Epimeric 5 and 6 represent the first examples of steroids forming a five-membered lactone between C-23 and C-27 from marine fungi. Compounds 1, 2, 5, and 6 displayed significant anti-Vibrio activity (Minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC values ranging from 3.1 to 50.0 µM) against three pathogenic Vibrio spp.

Xylapeptide A, an Antibacterial Cyclopentapeptide with an Uncommon L-Pipecolinic Acid Moiety from the Associated Fungus Xylaria sp. (GDG-102).

Two new cyclopentapeptides, xylapeptide A (1) with an uncommon L-pipecolinic acid moiety, and xylapeptide B (2) having a common L-proline residue were identified from an associated fungus Xylaria sp. isolated from the Chinese medicinal plant Sophora tonkinensis. Their planar structures were elucidated by a comprehensive analysis of NMR and MS spectroscopic spectra. The absolute configurations were determined by Marfey's method and single-crystal X-ray diffraction (Cu Kα) analysis. Xylapeptide A (1) is the first example of cyclopentapeptide with L-Pip of terrestrial origin and showed strong antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis and B. cereus with MIC value of 12.5 µg/mL.

Nigrodiquinone A, a Hydroanthraquinone Dimer Containing a Rare C-9-C-7' Linkage from a Zoanthid-Derived Nigrospora sp. Fungus.

One new hydroanthraquinone dimer with a rare C-9-C-7' linkage, nigrodiquinone A (1), and four known anthraquinone monomers 2-5, were isolated from a fungus Nigrospora sp. obtained from the zoanthid Palythoa haddoni collected in the South China Sea. The structure of 1 was established through extensive NMR spectroscopy, and the absolute configuration was elucidated by comparing computed electronic circular dichroism (ECD) and optical rotations (OR) with experimental results. All the compounds were evaluated for antiviral activity, and 1 was also evaluated for antibacterial activity. Compound 4 displayed mild antiviral activity against coxsackie virus (Cox-B3) with the IC50 value of 93.7 µM, and 5 showed an IC50 value of 74.0 µM against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).

A new flavane acid from the fruits of Illicium verum.

A new compound, illiciumflavane acid (1), along with 13 known compounds (2-14), were isolated from the fruits of Illicium verum Hook. F. Their structures were elucidated through various spectroscopic methods, including 1D NMR ((1)H NMR, (13)C NMR), 2D NMR (HMQC, HMBC and NOESY) and HRMS. The stereochemistry at the chiral centres was determined using CD spectrum as well as analyses of coupling constants and optical rotation data. Cytotoxicity evaluation of four compounds showed that illiciumflavane acid and (E)-1,2-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)ethene exhibited potential against A549 activities with IC50 values of 4.63 µM and 9.17 µM, respectively.

Anti-hepatitis B virus lignans from the root of Streblus asper.

Four new lignans, strebluslignanol F (1), (7'R,8'S,7″R,8″S)-erythro-strebluslignanol G (2), isomagnaldehyde (3) and isostrebluslignanaldehyde (4), along with 12 known lignans (5-16) were isolated from the ethyl acetate-soluble part of MeOH extract of the root of Streblus asper. Their structures were elucidated through various spectroscopic methods, including 1D NMR ((1)H NMR, (13)C NMR), 2D NMR (HMQC, HMBC and NOESY) and HRMS. The stereochemistry at the chiral centers was determined using CD spectra, as well as analyses of coupling constants and optical rotation data. The isolated lignans were evaluated for their anti-HBV activities in vitro using the HBV transfected HepG2.2.15 cell line. The most active lignans, (7'R,8'S,7″R,8″S)-erythro-strebluslignanol G, magnolol, isomagnolol and isolariciresinol, exhibited significant anti-HBV activities with IC50 values of 1.58, 2.03, 10.34 and 3.67 µM, respectively, for HBsAg with no cytotoxicity, and of 3.24, 3.76, 8.83 and 14.67 µM, respectively, for HBeAg with no cytotoxicity. (7'R,8'S,7″R,8″S)-erythro-Strebluslignanol G and magnolol showed significant anti-HBV activities to inhibit the replication of HBV DNA with the IC50 values of 9.02 and 8.67 µM, respectively.

Anti-hepatitis B virus constituents from the stem bark of Streblus asper.

Seven compounds, (7'S,8'S)-trans-streblusol A, (7'R,8'S)-erythro-streblusol B, (7'S,8'S)-threo-streblusol B, 8'R-streblusol C, streblusquinone, (8R,8'R)-streblusol D, and streblusol E, along with 15 known compounds (8-22) were isolated from the n-butanol-soluble part of the MeOH extract of stem bark of Streblus asper. Their structures were elucidated through application of extensive spectroscopic methods, including ESI-MS and 2D NMR spectroscopy (HMQC and HMBC). The stereochemistry at the chiral centers was determined using CD spectra, as well as analyses of coupling constants and optical rotation data. The isolated lignans and allylbenzene derivatives were evaluated for their anti-HBV activities in vitro using the HBV transfected Hep G2.2.15 cell line. The most active compounds, magnolol and 9-ß-xylopyranosyl-isolariciresinol, exhibited significant anti-HBV activities with IC(50) values of 2.03 and 6.58µM for secretion of HBsAg, with no cytotoxicity, and of 3.76 and 24.86µM for secretion of HBeAg, with no cytotoxicity.

Water-soluble constituents of the heartwood of Streblus asper.

A new lignan, (7'R,8'R)-threo-strebluslignanol-2-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, along with 8 known compounds (2-9) were isolated from the water-soluble part of the MeOH extract of the heartwood of Streblus asper. Their structures were elucidated through various spectroscopic methods, including 1D NMR (1H NMR, 13C NMR), 2D NMR (HMQC, HMBC, and NOESY), and HRMS. The stereochemistry at the chiral centers was determined using the CD spectrum, as well as analyses of coupling constants and optical rotation data. In the preliminary bioassay, the isolated compounds did not show anti-HBV activities in vitro using the HBV transfected HepG2.2.15 cell line.

Antibacterial bisabolane-type sesquiterpenoids from the sponge-derived fungus Aspergillus sp.

Four new bisabolane-type sesquiterpenoids, aspergiterpenoid A (1), (-)-sydonol (2), (-)-sydonic acid (3), and (-)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-(2',6',6'-trimethyltetrahydro-2H- pyran-2-yl)phenol (4) together with one known fungal metabolite (5) were isolated from the fermentation broth of a marine-derived fungus Aspergillus sp., which was isolated from the sponge Xestospongia testudinaria collected from the South China Sea. Four of them (1-4) are optically active compounds. Their structures and absolute configurations were elucidated by using NMR spectroscopic techniques and mass spectrometric analysis, and by comparing their optical rotations with those related known analogues. Compounds 1-5 showed selective antibacterial activity against eight bacterial strains with the MIC (minimum inhibiting concentrations) values between 1.25 and 20.0 µM. The cytotoxic, antifouling, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities of these compounds were also examined.

Anti-HBV activities of Streblus asper and constituents of its roots.

The extracts from leaves, heartwood, barks and roots of the Streblus asper were investigated for anti-HBV activities, separately. The results suggested that the MeOH extracts of the heartwood, barks, and roots exhibited good anti-HBV activities. Further investigations displayed that ethyl acetate and n-butanol soluble parts of their MeOH extracts showed more significant anti-HBV activities. Moreover, a new lignan, together with 11 known compounds, was isolated from n-butanol-soluble part of MeOH extract of the roots of S. asper. The structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including 1D NMR ((1)H NMR, (13)C NMR), 2D NMR (HMQC, HMBC) and HR-EI-MS experiments. Compounds 1-3 were evaluated for their anti-HBV activities. Honokiol showed significant anti-HBV activity with IC(50) values of 3.14µM and 4.74µM for HBsAg and HBeAg with no cytotoxicity respectively, while lamivudine (3TC, positive control) exhibited weak anti-HBV activity with IC(50) values of 11.81µM and 25.80µM for HBsAg and HBeAg respectively.

Lignans from the heartwood of Streblus asper and their inhibiting activities to hepatitis B virus.

Three new lignans, erythro-strebluslignanol (1), threo-7'-methoxyl strebluslignanol (2) and erythro-7'-methoxyl strebluslignanol (3), together with twelve known compounds were isolated from the n-butanol and chloroform fractions of the heartwood of Streblus asper. Their structures were elucidated through extensive spectroscopic methods, including MS and 2D NMR experiments (HMQC and HMBC). The stereochemistry at the chiral center was determined using CD spectra, as well as analysis of coupling constants and optical rotation data, respectively. Primary bioassays showed that 6-hydroxyl-7-methoxyl-coumarin (5) and ursolic acid (10) showed anti-HBV activities, with IC(50) values of 29.60 µM and 89.91 µM for HBsAg at no cytotoxicity, and IC(50) values of 46.41 µM and 97.61 µM for HBeAg at no cytotoxicity, respectively.

Hypoglycemic effects and constituents of the barks of Cyclocarya paliurus and their inhibiting activities to glucosidase and glycogen phosphorylase.

The various fractions of the barks of Cyclocarya paliurus were systematically tested for hypoglycemic effects in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The results showed that the chloroform fraction of the 75% EtOH extract of the barks of this plant exhibited significant blood sugar reducing activity, most of which were significantly higher than that of positive-drug metformin hydrochloride. A new compound, together with nine known compounds, was isolated from the most active fraction. The structure elucidation was based on spectroscopic methods, including two-dimensional NMR experiments (¹H-¹H COSY, HMQC, and HMBC). All of the isolates were evaluated for their α-glycosidase and glycogen phosphorylase inhibitory activities.

5α-Pregna-1,20-dien-3-one.

The title compound, C(21)H(30)O, was isolated from the soft coral Sinularia sp. The mol-ecule contains four alicyclic rings, all trans-fused, among which three six-membered rings are in different distorted chair conformations while a five-membered ring assumes an envelope form.

[Alkaloid metabolites of mangrove endophytic fungus ZZF42 from the South China Sea].

Four compounds, apicidin (1), N-methylharman (2), cylo (Phe-Tyr) (3) and indole-3-acetic acid (4) were isolated from the mangrove endophytic fungus ZZF42 from the South China Sea. Their structures were elucidated by spectral data. Compound 1 was first isolated from the marine fungus. Compound 2 was firstly isolated from marine microorganism. Compound 1 exhibited selective in vitro cytotoxicity towards KB ahd KBv200 with IC50 values of less than 0.78 microg/ml.

[Identification and domestic investigation of Bel subtypes].

In order to study the serological characteristics and genetic background of Bel subtypes, A, B and H antigens on the surface of red blood cells of the proband as well as his family and the anti-A, anti-B antibodies in their serum samples were detected by hemagglutination test; the A, B, H substances in saliva were determined by inhibitory agglutination test. The results indicated that the proband, his mother and his daughter all were identified to be Bel phenotype; his two sisters were identified to be ABel phenotype; his father, son and spouse were identified to be A, B and B phenotype respectively. It is concluded that the Bel subtype exists as family genetic characteristics in China.

Lactones from a brown alga endophytic fungus (No. ZZF36) from the South China Sea and their antimicrobial activities.

Two new metabolites named 6-oxo-de-O-methyllasiodiplodin (1) and (E)-9-etheno-lasiodiplodin (2), with three known compounds lasiodiplodin (3), de-O-methyllasiodiplodin (4), and 5-hydroxy-de-O-methyllasiodiplodin (5), were isolated from the mycelium extracts of a brown alga endophytic fungus (No. ZZF36) obtained from the South China Sea. Their structures were elucidated using spectroscopic methods, mainly 1D and 2D NMR. Additionally, the structure of compound 1 was confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The antimicrobial activities of lasiodiplodins, and the 13-acetyl and 12,14-dibromo derivatives of lasiodiplodin were tested for the first time and the results were compared to each other.

[Study on the sterols from a brown alga endophytic fungus (NO. ZZF36) from the South China Sea].

Four sterols were isolated from a brown alga endophytic fungus NO. ZZF36 from the South China Sea. Their structures were identified as brassicaterol(2), ergosterol(2), ergosterol peroxide(3),7,22(E)-ergostadiene-beta,5alpha,6beta-triol(4) by spectroscopic methods.