Ultrawide-range radiation detection based on dynamic identification and analysis of the response of a monolithic active pixel sensor.

In this paper, we present an ultrawide-range radiation detection method based on dynamic recognition and analysis of the response signal of a monolithic active pixel sensor (MAPS). Our analysis of the MAPS response mechanism determined that adaptive adjustment of the sensor's integral time is key to quantification of ionizing radiation in an ultrawide range. We also determined that different data processing methods are required for accurate quantification of high and low radiation dose rates. The results of experiments conducted after calibration demonstrate that our technique is capable of radiation detection across five orders of magnitude (ranging from milligrays per hour to hundreds of grays per hour), with errors of less than 5%. Chip-based nuclear radiation detection can be realized using our technique, enabling MAPS to be used as a supplement to traditional detectors in characterization of unknown and complex radiation environments.

Efficacy and safety of dual versus mono antiplatelet therapy in patients with stroke or transient ischemic attack: An updated meta-analysis of 18 randomized controlled trials.

The optimal duration of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) as a routine treatment in stroke patients is still controversial. The efficacy and safety of DAPT may vary with different regiments, initiating treatment time and race. Our study assessed the efficacy and safety of DAPT in patients with stroke and to determine the factors influencing the efficacy and safety of DAPT. Relevant studies published up to May 2019 from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library. Randomized controlled trials comparing DAPT with mono antiplatelet therapy (MAPT) for stroke secondary prevention were included. The primary endpoints were stroke recurrence, ischemic stroke recurrence and all-cause death. Subgroup analysis was made according to regiment, initiating treatment time and race. Eighteen studies (n=33353) were included. Comparing with MAPT, short-term DAPT reduced stroke recurrence (RR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.60-0.77) and ischemic stroke recurrence (RR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.59-0.77) but increased major bleeding (RR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.11-2.98). Long-term DAPT had no superiority compared with MAPT. Aspirin plus clopidogrel comparing with aspirin and early initiating treatment time comparing with MAPT decreased stroke recurrence (RR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.67-0.83; RR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.61-0.78) and ischemic stroke recurrence ( RR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.64-0.79; RR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.59-0.77) but also increased major bleeding (RR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.38-2.09; RR = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.07-2.85). DAPT reduced stroke and ischemic stroke recurrence in non-Asian group but only reduced ischemic stroke recurrence in Asian group. As stroke secondary prevention, short-term DAPT rather than long-term DAPT could be a better choice. Patients could benefit more from aspirin plus clopidogrel or given DAPT within 72 h after symptoms onset. Race may be a factor influencing the efficacy of DAPT.

[Clinical features of imported schistosomiasis mansoni in Beijing City：a report of 6 cases].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical features of 6 patients with imported schistosomiasis mansoni, including the epidemic history, clinical manifestations, laboratory tests and therapeutic effect, so as to provide references for improving the levels of diagnosis and treatment of physicians. METHODS: The clinical data of 6 patients with imported schistosomiasis mansoni from January 2009 to July 2016 were collected and analyzed. RESULTS: All the 6 imported patients with schistosomiasis mansoni had a clear history of cercarial infested water exposure. The main manifestations were continuous fever and eosinophilia. Three (50%) patients were accompanied with diarrhea. Anti-Schistosoma japonicum IgG antibody were cross positive in 2 (33.3%) patients, while live eggs of S. mansoni were explored in intestinal mucosa specimens of all the patients. CD3+CD8+ T cell ratio was decreased significantly but B cell ratio was elevated in all the patients, and the main immunoglobulin of the patients was IgG. Hydroperitoneum and splenomegaly signs were discovered by abdominal ultrasonography in 16.6% (1/6) of the patients. Multiple liver nodules and wall thickening of rectum and sigmoid colon were revealed by pelvic MR scan in 16.6% (1/6) of the patients. Colitis was found in all the patients, and 66.6% (4/6) of the patients were combined with multiple colonic ulcers by the electronic colonoscopy examination. Chronic inflammation and eosinophil infiltration were found in all the patients by rectum pathology. All 6 patients were cured with chemotherapy named praziquantel. CONCLUSIONS: Comprehensive analysis of clinical data including epidemiological history, specific manifestations, laboratory tests and intestinal mucosa pathology may be benefit of the management of schistosomiasis mansoni.