Investigation of The Effectiveness of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy in Patients Diagnosed with Plantar Fasciitis: Comparison of Radial and Focus Applications.

The aim of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of radial and focus (extracorporeal shock wave therapy) ESWT treatment on pain, function and size of the calcaneal spur in patients with clinical and radiological diagnosis of plantar fasciitis. A total of 112 patients aged between 18 and 95 years, were divided into 2 groups; group 1, rESWT (2.4 bar 12 hz 2000 beats), group 2 received fESWT (0.14 bar 14 hz 1000 beats) 3 times a week for 3 weeks. All patients were evaluated using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS)-pain and Foot Function Index before and after the treatment, at 4 week and 12 weeks. Calcaneal spur size was measured radiographically in the patients before and after the treatment at the 12th week follow-up. According to our records, VAS scores were found to be similar between the groups before treatment and at follow-ups (all p > .05). In both groups, a significant decrease in VAS scores was found in the follow-ups compared to before treatment (p < .001). FFI total, pain, activity and disability scores were found to be similar between the groups before treatment and at follow-up (all p > .05). In both groups, a significant decrease in Foot Function Index scores was found in the follow-ups compared to before treatment (p < .001). Both of rESWT and fESWT were effective in plantar fasciitis treatment there were no significant difference between 2 modalities in long term.

The effect of medium-tension bandage and stump stocking on residual limb maturation in earthquake survivors.

BACKGROUND: Residual limb maturation is a crucial stage in postamputation care. OBJECTIVE: It was aimed to examine the effect of medium tension bandages and stump stockings on postamputation stump maturation in patients who underwent lower extremity amputations. STUDY DESIGN: In this prospective observational study, patients who were earthquake survivors and had undergone emergency amputation of their lower extremities were included. METHODS: Medium-tension elastic bandage or personalized stump stockings were used for stump maturation. Residual limb volume was measured once a week for 3 weeks. RESULTS: The study included 23 patients and 29 amputated limbs. Because of the larger stump volume of transfemoral amputations and the higher number of these patients in the stocking group ( p < 0.001), the stump volume differed across groups before and during the follow-up ( p < 0.001). There was no difference in mean volumetric measurement between the bandage and stocking groups over time ( p = 0.272). Although the group interaction was significant (p < 0.001), the group × time interaction was not ( p = 0.306). CONCLUSION: Medium-tension bandages and stump stockings had a similar effect on postamputation stump maturation in patients with lower extremity amputations. So, depending on the patient's and physician's preferences, both procedures can be used for stump maturation.

Radiation-induced lumbosacral plexopathy and pelvic insufficiency fracture: A case report of unique coexistence of complications after radiotherapy for prostate cancer.

Case reports of plexopathy after prostate cancer are usually neoplastic. Radiation-induced lumbosacral plexopathy and insufficiency fractures have clinical significance due to the need to differentiate them from tumoral invasions, metastases, and spinal pathologies. Certain nuances, including clinical presentation and screening methods, help distinguish radiation-induced plexopathy from tumoral plexopathy. This case report highlights the coexistence of these two rare clinical conditions. Herein, we present a 78-year-old male with a history of radiotherapy for prostate cancer who developed right foot drop, severe lower back and right groin pain, difficulty in standing up and walking, and tingling in both legs over the past month during remission. The diagnosis of lumbosacral plexopathy and pelvic insufficiency fracture was made based on magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, and electroneuromyography. The patient received conservative symptomatic treatment and was discharged with the use of a cane for mobility. Radiation-induced lumbosacral plexopathy following prostate cancer should be kept in mind in patients with neurological disorders of the lower limbs. Pelvic insufficiency fracture should also be considered if the pain does not correspond to the clinical findings of plexopathy. These two pathologies, which can be challenging to diagnose, may require surgical or complex management approaches. However, in this patient, conservative therapies led to an improvement in quality of life and a reduction in the burden of illness.

Clinical properties and rehabilitation needs of earthquake survivors in a subacute rehabilitation setting.

BACKGROUND: This descriptive analysis examines the victims of the February 6, 2023, earthquakes in Kahramanmaras and Elbistan, Türkiye. It aims to detail the injury profiles related to neuro-musculoskeletal trauma, assess the rehabilitation needs of patients, and propose a comprehensive rehabilitation approach. METHODS: The study included patients injured in the Kahramanmaras-centered earthquake on February 6, 2023, who were transported to our hospital based on their rehabilitation needs. Data from patients treated at our hospital were recorded retrospectively. This included demographic information, accompanying pathologies, laboratory findings, rehabilitation programs, and treatments received during their hospital stay. Statistical analyses were conducted to examine the data. RESULTS: A total of 141 patients with musculoskeletal injuries were admitted due to injuries sustained from the earthquake. The mean age of the participants was 39.76 years, with a slight female predominance (56.7%). The majority of patients sustained injuries while trapped under debris (90.1%), with an average duration of 10 hours under rubble. Fractures were the most common form of injury (53.2%), predominantly affecting the lower extremities. Peripheral nerve injuries were present in 41.1% of patients, and amputations were observed in 30.5%. Complications included compartment syndrome (46.1%), crush syndrome (36.2%), and various infections. Pain was prevalent among patients, with somatic pain being the most reported type. Individualized rehabilitation programs were implemented, incorporating physical therapy, wound care, pain management, and psychosocial support. CONCLUSION: This study highlights the critical rehabilitation needs of earthquake survivors and emphasizes the importance of early and comprehensive rehabilitation interventions. Multidisciplinary rehabilitation programs were crucial in addressing medical issues, functional limitations, and psychological challenges faced by the survivors. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of earthquake-related injuries and underscore the significance of well-coordinated rehabilitation strategies in disaster responses.

Evaluation of forward head posture and thoracic kyphosis in migraine.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of the current study was to investigate the forward head posture (FHP), thoracic kyphosis and their relationships between individuals with migraine and healthy controls using the DIERS Formetric 4D motion imaging system. METHODS: In this observational case-control study, a total of 39 migraine patients and 44 healthy subjects were enrolled. FHP and thoracic kyphosis were assessed by using the 4D Formetric DIERS system. The visual analogue scale (VAS) and Neck Disability Index (NDI) was used to evaluate neck pain and neck disability. Headache status were evaluated through Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS) and Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) questionnaires. RESULTS: The fleche cervicale (57.72 ± 13.72 mm vs. 40.00 ± 4.75 mm; p < 0.001) and kyphotic angle (57.39 ± 8.76° vs. 38.21 ± 5.67°; p < 0.001) were significantly higher in patients with migraine compared to control group. When NDI categories were compared, the migraine group showed significantly increase in the number of patients with moderate or severe disability (p < 0.001). A positive correlation was found between fleche cervicale and thoracic kyphosis (r = 0.71, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed that patients with migraine exhibited a greater FHP and thoracic kyphosis compared to the control group. A 3-dimensional objective measurement may be a reliable diagnostic tool to evaluate posture analysis in clinical practice in the future.

Effects of kinesiology taping on swallowing functions in newborns with swallowing difficulties: a randomized controlled pilot study.

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the efficacy of kinesiology taping application in premature infants with dysphagia. METHODS: A total of 60 premature newborns (born ≤37weeks' gestational age who reached the age ≥34 weeks of postmenstrual age) with sucking and swallowing problems were randomly assigned to the kinesiology taping group [n=31; 18 males, 13 females; mean postmenstrual age 35.4 weeks (SD 0.9 weeks, range 34-38 weeks)] or control group without kinesiology taping application [n=29; 16 males, 13 females; mean postmenstrual age age 35.6 weeks (SD 1.4 weeks, range 34-40 weeks)]. RESULTS: Kinesiology taping group yielded significant improvement in the oral reflexes (p<0.001) and in the sucking functions including tongue movement, sucking power, number of sucks and sucking pause, maintenance of alertness, jaw movement, tongue cupping, and maintenance of rhythm (p<0.001, p=0.011, p=0.002, and p=0.001, respectively). There was a significant difference in favor of the taping group with respect to the number of neonates whose feeding improved (26 (84%) vs. 7 (24%), p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The results of this study show that kinesiology taping can be applied as a safe and effective method to improve feeding functions in premature infants with sucking and swallowing difficulties.

The effect of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on motor recovery and gait parameters in chronic incomplete spinal cord injury: A randomized-controlled study.

Objectives: This study aims to examine the effect of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on gait parameters and lower extremity motor recovery in a more specific sample of individuals with chronic and traumatic incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI). Patients and methods: This double-blind, sham-controlled, randomized study included a total of 28 individuals (20 males, 8 females; mean age: 35.7±12.1 years; range, 18 to 45 years) with chronic (>1 year) traumatic iSCI. The participants were randomly allocated to either sham rTMS group (n=14) or real rTMS group (n=14). We compared the groups based on the lower extremity motor scores (LEMS), the temporal-spatial gait measurements using three-dimensional gait analysis, the Walking Index for SCI-II (WISCI-II), and 10-m walking test at baseline, three weeks (post-treatment) and five weeks (follow-up) after the treatment. Results: The real rTMS group revealed a significant improvement in walking speed, LEMS score, and 10-m walking test after the treatment compared to baseline (p=0.001, p=0.002, and p=0.023, respectively). Changes in the LEMS score were significantly increased in the real rTMS group compared to the sham group at both three and five weeks (p=0.001 and p=0.001, respectively). No significant difference was observed in the other variables between the groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: Our study findings support the therapeutic effectiveness of rTMS on motor recovery in chronic iSCI. The rTMS can be used as an adjuvant therapy to conventional physiotherapy in the rehabilitation of patients with iSCI.

The effects of Robot-assisted gait training and virtual reality on balance and gait in stroke survivors: A randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Stroke survivors often experience balance and gait problems, which can affect their quality of life and independence in daily living activities. Robot-assisted gait training, such as Lokomat with virtual reality, has been found to be effective in improving gait and balance. However, the specific effects of each virtual reality application on balance and spatiotemporal parameters of gait are not yet established. This study aims to investigate the effects of different virtual reality applications on these parameters. RESEARCH QUESTION: What are the specific effects of each Lokomat augmented performance feedback application on balance and spatiotemporal parameters of gait in stroke survivors? METHODS: The study is a randomized controlled trial conducted with four groups: Control Group, Endurance Group, Attention and Motivation Group, and Activity Timing Group. All participants received six weeks of physiotherapy, and Lokomat groups had additional robot-assisted gait training with Lokomat for three days a week. The Endurance group used Lokomat with Faster, Attention and Motivation Group with Gabarello and Smile, and Activity Timing Group with Curve Pursuit, Treasures, and High Flyer applications. Various tests were used to assess walking and balance in the study (gait analysis, 6-minute walk test, 10-meter walk test, Berg Balance Scale, postural stability, and limits of stability). RESULTS AND SIGNIFICANCE: The study involved 56 male stroke survivors (mean age: 60.02 ± 6.83 years, post-stroke time: 238.88 ± 40.88 days). All groups improved walking speed and distance significantly, but Endurance was better (p < 0.001). Balance improved significantly in all groups, but Attention and Motivation was superior in Berg Balance Scale, postural stability, and limits of stability (p < 0.001). The selection of virtual reality applications during robot-assisted gait training according to rehabilitation goals is important for successful rehabilitation, as these applications may have varying effects on balance and walking.

The effects of functional electrical stimulation cycling on gait parameters in diplegic cerebral palsy: a single-blind randomized controlled trial.

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of functional electrical stimulation cycling (FES-C) training in addition to conventional physical therapy on gait, muscle strength, gross motor function, and energy expenditure in ambulatory children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty children with diplegic cerebral palsy were randomly assigned to FES-C group (n = 10) or control group (n = 10). Subjects trained 3 days/week for 8 weeks. Control group received conventional physical therapy. The FES-C group additionally received FES-C training. The functional muscle test was used for muscle strength assessment. Vicon-3D system was used for gait analysis. Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-88) was used for motor function assessment and calorimeter was used for energy expenditure. Measurements were performed at the baseline, at the eight week and at the sixteenth week. RESULTS: Functional muscle strength, gross motor function, and energy expenditure improved more in the FES-C group after training and follow up (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference found between the changes in gait parameters of the two groups after treatment and follow up (p > 0.05). Pelvic tilt while walking decreased after training in the FES-C group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: FES-C applied in addition to conventional physical therapy in children with diplegic cerebral palsy is more effective than conventional physical therapy for increasing functional muscle strength, improving gross motor function functions, and reducing energy expenditure.HighlightsFES-C improves lower extremity functional muscle strength, gross motor function, and energy expenditure in ambulatory children with spastic dCP.The use of FES-C in combination with conventional physiotherapy methods may be beneficial in outpatients with spastic dCP.

The effects of augmented and virtual reality gait training on balance and gait in patients with Parkinson's disease.

OBJECTIVE: Augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) facilitate motor learning by enabling the practice of task-specific activities in a rich environment. Therefore, AR and VR gait training may improve balance and gait in Parkinson's Disease (PD). METHODS: Thirty patients with PD were randomly divided into study (n = 15) and control (n = 15) groups. The study group was given AR and VR gait training combined with conventional training. The control group was given conventional training only. The training was applied to both groups 3 days a week for 6 weeks. Motor symptoms with the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale-Motor Examination (UPDRS-III), balance with posturography and Berg Balance Scale (BBS), perceived balance confidence with Activity-Specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC), gait with spatio-temporal gait analysis, and functional mobility with Timed Up and Go Test (TUG) were assessed. RESULTS: At the end of the study; UPDRS-III, posturography measurements, BBS, ABC, spatio-temporal gait parameters, and TUG improved in the study group (p < 0.05), while BBS, ABC, and only spatial gait parameters (except for step width) improved in the control group (p < 0.05). There was no change in posturography measurement, temporal gait parameters, and TUG in control group (p > 0.05). When the developed parameters in both groups were compared, the amount of improvement in BBS and ABC was found similar (p > 0.05), while the improvement in the other parameters was found higher in the study group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: It was concluded that AR and VR gait training provides the opportunity to practice walking with different tasks in increasingly difficult environments, thus improving balance and walking by facilitating motor learning.

Comparison of the effectiveness of anti-gravity treadmill exercises and underwater walking exercises on cardiorespiratory fitness, functional capacity and balance in stroke patients.

INTRODUCTION: Aerobic exercise training after stroke has positive effects on quality of life, motor recovery, and aerobic endurance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of anti-gravity treadmill gait training and underwater walking therapy on cardiorespiratory fitness, gait and balance in stroke survivors. METHODS: The study included 39 patients with a history of stroke who were admitted to our center between July 2017 and January 2018. The patients were randomly assigned to anti-gravity treadmill training, underwater walking therapy, or a control group. The aerobic capacity of the participants was evaluated with the 6-min walk test and cycle ergometer testing before and after the treatment. Balance was examined using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS). RESULTS: There was a statistically significant increase from pre- to post-treatment with regard to maximum heart rate and length of walking distance during 6-min walk test parameters in patients who underwent anti-gravity treadmill training (p < 0.05). The cycle ergometer training results showed significant improvements compared to baseline after treatment in patients who underwent anti-gravity training in terms of maximum heart rate attained during exercise stress testing, time to complete the test, rates of metabolic equivalents of task scores and peak oxygen consumption (p < 0.05). Improvements were also observed in ventricular repolarization indices including corrected QT intervals (QTc), Tp-e interval and Tp-e/QT, Tp-e/QTc ratio in the anti-gravity group (p < 0.05). BBS results showed no statistically significant difference in all groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The data of this study showed that anti-gravity treadmill training has favorable effects on cardiorespiratory fitness in stroke survivors.

Motor neuron disease in a patient with overlap syndrome (rheumatoid arthritis; systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjogren's syndrome).

Autoimmune rheumatic diseases have their own specific clinical presentation, and can affect multiple systems. Neurological involvement of autoimmune rheumatic diseases may involve both the central and peripheral nervous systems. Inflammation of neural tissue, autoantibody-mediated reactions, and small vessel vasculitis may be effective in the pathogenesis of neuropathy in autoimmune rheumatological diseases. Autoimmune rheumatic disease with pure motor neuron involvement is very rare in the literature. The case is here presented of a 58-year-old female patient who presented with the complaints of increasing pain and weakness in the extremities and was diagnosed with lower motor neuron disease and overlap syndrome. The patient was treated with cyclophosphamide, pulse steroid, hydroxychloroquine and intravenous immunoglobulin. After 3 months of treatment, a significant improvement was observed in the patient's clinical complaints and laboratory parameters. In conclusion, some patients with undiagnosed autoimmune rheumatic diseases may have neurological complaints. Clinicians should investigate patients with such neurological complaints for autoimmune rheumatic diseases.

Effect of yoga-based exercises on functional capacity, dyspnea, quality of life, depression, anxiety, and sleep of infected healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A prospective clinical trial.

Objectives: The study aimed to investigate the effect of yoga-based exercises on functional capacity, dyspnea, quality of life, depression, anxiety, and sleep quality following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Patients and methods: Forty-one COVID-19-infected healthcare professionals (35 females, 6 males; mean age: 39.7±6.5 years; range, 28 to 55 years) who were actively working during the subacute period were included in the prospective controlled study between March 2021 and September 2021. The participants were divided into two groups: the yoga-based exercise group (YBEG; n=26) and the nonintervention group (n=15). Besides routine recommendations, the YBEG performed stretching, relaxation, isometric strengthening, breathing, and meditation exercises of 60 min twice a week for eight weeks. Clinical outcome was measured with flexibility tests (shoulder flexibility and sit and reach tests), hand grip strength, 6-min walk test, dyspnea score, Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventory, Short Form 36 (SF-36) quality of life, Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) before and after eight weeks in both groups. Results: Beck anxiety scores, IPAQ scores, PSQI, SF-36 pain, and social functioning subparameters were positively statistically significant in the YBEG (p<0.05). The only parameter found to be insignificant in time and between groups was the SF-36 mental health subparameter (p>0.05). In addition, the YBEG had significant improvements in muscle strength, flexibility, functional capacity, physical activity level, quality of life, anxiety, depression levels, and sleep scores between before and after the eight-week intervention period (p<0.05). Conclusion: Yoga programs have led to an increase in functional capacity and physical performance, a decrease in anxiety and depression complaints, and an increase in the quality of life in healthcare professionals who were in the process of returning to work during the post-COVID-19.

The relationship between dietary total antioxidant capacity, clinical parameters, and oxidative stress in fibromyalgia syndrome: A novel point of view.

Objectives: This study aims to reveal the relationship between serum total antioxidant status (TAS), clinical parameters, and nutrition (dietary total antioxidant capacity [TAC]) in patients with fibromyalgia. Patients and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with a total of 60 female participants (mean age: 44.7±9.7 years; range, 18 to 50 years) at Gaziler Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Hospital between July 2020 and February 2021. Thirty female patients with fibromyalgia were compared with 30 age-, sex-, and body mass index-matched healthy individuals. The short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire, Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), and Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index were used. Total antioxidant status, total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) were measured. Dietary TAC was calculated using the ferric reducing ability of plasma according to a food frequency questionnaire. Results: Total antioxidant status showed no significant difference between groups (p=0.080). Total oxidant status and OSI were significantly higher in the patient group (p<0.001 and p=0.005, respectively). The mean dietary TAC was 16.5±6.5 in the patient group and 17.2±6.2 in the control group, and it was similar between groups (p=0.492). Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index global score was significantly higher in the patient group than in the control group (p<0.001). Dietary TAC showed a moderate positive correlation with serum TAS in both groups (r=0.373, p=0.042 for the patient group, and r=0.380, p=0.038 for the control group). In the patient group, TOS and OSI showed a moderate positive correlation with FIQ total scores (r=0.420, p=0.021 and r=0.450, p=0.013, respectively). The mean polyunsaturated fatty acid and omega-6 intake of the patient group was significantly lower than the control group (p=0.025 for both). Dietary antioxidant intake from vegetables (p=0.025), legumes/nuts (p=0.049), and meat (p<0.001) was significantly lower, whereas dietary antioxidant intake from cereal and potatoes was significantly higher in the patient group compared to the control group (p=0.028). Conclusion: The results indicate that oxidative stress can be reduced by increasing dietary antioxidant intake in fibromyalgia.

Relationship between diet, oxidative stress, and inflammation in ankylosing spondylitis.

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the relationship between disease activity, dietary phytochemical index (DPI), and serum total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant status (TAS) in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Patients and methods: Between August 2020 and January 2021, a total of 37 patients (23 males, 14 females; mean age: 39.3±9.4 years; range, 21 to 61 years) with AS and 36 age-, sex-, and body mass index-matched healthy individuals (24 males, 12 females; mean age: 37.9±8.9 years; range, 20 to 60 years) were included. Serum TAS (µmoLTroloxEq/L) and TOS (µmoL H2O2Eq/L) measurements were performed and the oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated. Dietary evaluation was made from a one-day dietary record and DPI was calculated. Results: Serum TAS level in AS patients was significantly lower than the healthy group (p=0.003). Serum TOS level was similar in both groups. The OSI of patients was significantly higher than the controls (p=0.035). The mean DPI, polyunsaturated fatty acid, n-3 fatty acid, and vitamin C intake of patients were significantly lower than controls (p=0.042, p=0.033, and p=0.022, respectively). A moderate positive correlation was found between the TAS level and DPI of the control group (r=0.352, p=0.035). According to medications, no significant difference was seen between the groups in terms of patients' characteristics, DPI, and laboratory tests and there was no correlation between DPI, TAS, TOS, and OSI. Conclusion: Lower DPI and lower n-3 fatty acid and vitamin C intake in patient group demonstrated that patients with AS should pay more attention to their diet to increase serum antioxidant status.

The inter-rater reliability of the Turkish version of Aphasia Rapid Test for stroke.

BACKGROUND: The Aphasia Rapid Test (ART) is a short bedside aphasia screening test developed originally in French for use with post-stroke patients in the acute phase of recovery. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to assess the inter-rater reliability of the Turkish version of the ART in stroke patients (ICTRP ID: NCT04386837). METHODS: The French ART was translated into Turkish. Inter-rater reliability was assessed in 30 post-stroke patients with aphasia by two independent speech-language pathologists blind to each other's ratings. RESULTS: 30 patients (18 men, 12 women; mean age 64.43 ± 16.60 years) were included within 10 days of stroke onset, as assessed by clinical examination and confirmed by CT and/or MRI. The mean (± SD) ART value was 16.26 (± 8.05) for rater 1 and 16.43 (±8.14) for rater 2. The inter-rater concordance coefficient was 0.997 (95% CI 0.994-0.999; p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Findings indicate that the Turkish version of the original ART was successfully administered in Turkish-speaking patients.

The effectiveness of high-intensity laser therapy in the treatment of post-stroke patients with hemiplegic shoulder pain: a prospective randomized controlled study.

To evaluate clinical and ultrasonographic efficacy of high-intensity laser therapy (HILT) in patients with hemiplegic shoulder pain (HSP) accompanied by partial thickness rotator cuff tear (PTRCT). The study was designed as a prospective, randomized, controlled trial. Patients with HSP accompanied by PTRCT (n = 44) were randomly assigned to HILT and control groups. Both groups were treated with a multidisciplinary stroke rehabilitation and a therapeutic exercise program to the affected shoulder supervised by physiotherapists. In addition, HILT group received 3 sessions of the intervention per week for 3 weeks. Primary outcome measure was visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain. Secondary outcome measures were range of motion (ROM) of the shoulder joint, Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI), Brunnstrom Recovery Stage (BRS), Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), Nottingham Health Profile (NHP), Functional Independence Measure (FIM), and ultrasonographic PTRCT size. Participants were assessed at pre- and post-treatment. A total of 41 patients completed the study. A statistically significant improvement was observed in VAS, ROM, FIM, SPADI, NHP, and PTRCT parameters in HILT group at post-treatment compared to pre-treatment (all P < 0.05). However, control group indicated significant improvement only in VAS, ROM, and SPADI parameters (all P < 0.05). When differences in clinical parameters at pre- and post-treatment assessment were compared between two groups, change in VAS, FIM, BRS, SPADI, NHP, and PTRCT in HILT group was significantly better than control group (all P < 0.05). HILT combined with therapeutic exercise seems to be clinically and ultrasonographically more effective in the treatment of patients with HSP accompanied by PTRCT than therapeutic exercise alone in the short term. Further studies are needed with long-term follow-up. CinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04669405.

Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of Function in Sitting Test (FIST-T) in stroke.

BACKGROUND: Trunk control in sitting position after stroke is one of the most important determinants of independence in daily living activities and there is no gold standard assessment used to measure sitting postural control. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to determine the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of Function in Sitting Test (FIST-T). METHODS: After translation was conducted, Function in Sitting Test, Berg Balance Scale, Functional Independent Measure and Trunk Impairment Scale were applied to 72 stroke patients (mean age was 59.26 ± 16.38 years; post-stroke time was 95.93 ± 59.64 days). For reliability and validity analysis the spearman correlation analysis was used. RESULTS: A positive, high correlation was found between the first application and repetition of Function in Sitting Test-T (ICC = 0.97, r = 0.95, p = .001). The internal consistency was high (Cronbach Alpha = 0.97), interrater correlation was high (Cronbach Alpha = 0.98) and a positive, high correlation was found with the scores obtained from the Berg Balance Scale (r = 0.82, p = .001), Functional Independent Measure (r = 0.84, p = .001) and Trunk Impairment Scale (r = 0.80, p = .001). CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that the Turkish version of Function in Sitting Test is a valid and reliable scale for use in stroke patients, in clinical and scientific researches.