Calcaneus as a Rare Location of Solitary Osteochondromas: Two Case Reports.

Osteochondromas are the most common benign bone tumors, with an incidence of 36% to 41% among benign bone tumors. They can be caused by genetics, trauma, and growth defects. The incidence of all osteochondromas in the hands and feet is approximately 10%, and they are extremely rare in the calcaneus. They generally arise from the metaphysis and metaphyseal-diaphyseal region of the long bones. Osteochondromas, which are generally painless, are noted with signs of inflammation in the bursa, vascular and nerve compression, pain caused by joint deterioration, swelling in the subcutaneous tissue, or gait disturbance. The incidence of malignant transformation of solitary osteochondromas is 1%. We present two cases, an 11-year-old male patient and a 32-year-old male patient, diagnosed with osteochondroma in the calcaneus.

Role of Intraoperative Clean Surgical Margin Determined With Lesion Size and Duration to Obtain Apropriate Histological Clean Surgical Margin in High-Risk Basal Cell Carcinoma Patients, According to National Comprehensive Cancer Network Criteria.

We aimed to elucidate the role of intraoperative clean surgical margin (iCSM) determined according to lesion size and duration to obtain appropriate histological clean surgical margin (hCSM) in high-risk basal cell carcinoma (BCC) patients evaluated according to National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) criteria considering the tumor size and/or location. The contribution of lesion area to determine iCSM was also evaluated. Patients with high-risk BCC requiring surgical management were included. iCSM, hCSM, and clinical variables including sec, age, longest edge, location and area, and follow-up duration were recorded. In total, 96 lesions were evaluated. Lesions were mostly located in the mask area and other face region (93.8%). Lesions located on the nose comprised 50%, 34.1%, and 26.3% in the BCC-5, BCC-7, and BCC-10 lesions, respectively. The hCSMs were positive in 11.5%, 9.1%, and 3.8% of the BCC-5, BCC-7, and BCC-10 lesions, respectively. The deep surgical margin was positive in 15.4%, 4.5%, and 7.7% of the BCC-5, BCC-7, and BCC-10 lesions, respectively. The calculated risk for the positive surgical margin if the BCC-10 lesions were done like the BCC-7 was 15.4%. No recurrence was during follow-up duration. As supported by the findings of the present study, to obtain an adequate hCSM in the high-risk BCC lesions, the iCSM determined according to NCCN recommendations may not be optimal. Nevertheless, after their categorization according to lesion size and disease duration for excision with 5-, 7-, and 10-mm iCSMs, it is possible to obtain a small but important improvement in the outcome of patients.

Gleason Score Correlation Between Prostate Needle Biopsy and Radical Prostatectomy Materials.

OBJECTIVE: Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men. Digital rectal examination, transrectal ultrasonography and serum prostate specific antigen represents a diagnostic triad for the detection of prostatic carcinoma. About 50 years ago, Dr. Donald Gleason created a grading system for prostate cancer based on its histologic patterns. Currently, this system maintains its validity with various changes. New updates were made in 2005 and 2014 by the International Society of Urological Pathology. The goal of biopsies is to determine the Gleason score and prognosis in prostatectomy material. The aim of this study was to determine the concordance of the Gleason score, tumor volume and tumor laterality between prostate needle biopsy and prostatectomy materials. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The study was performed with 112 patients who had biopsy and prostatectomy materials. The Gleason grades of the tumors have been evaluated with the new grading system. Tumor volumes were calculated by the number of positive blocks while tumor laterality was evaluated as unilateral or bilateral. Statistical analysis was performed on the obtained data. RESULTS: Gleason score, tumor volume and tumor laterality discordance between needle biopsy and prostatectomy materials was found to be statistically significant. However, the concordance increased as the Gleason score and tumor volume increased. CONCLUSION: Digital examination, serum prostate specific antigen value and needle biopsy together are very sensitive for a prostate adenocarcinoma diagnosis. The Gleason score, localization and volume of the tumors are important for patient follow-up, treatment and prognosis.