Signal automatic modulation based on AMC neural network fusion.

With the rapid development of modern communication technology, it has become a core problem in the field of communication to find new ways to effectively modulate signals and to classify and recognize the results of automatic modulation. To further improve the communication quality and system processing efficiency, this study combines two different neural network algorithms to optimize the traditional signal automatic modulation classification method. In this paper, the basic technology involved in the communication process, including automatic signal modulation technology and signal classification technology, is discussed. Then, combining parallel convolution and simple cyclic unit network, three different connection paths of automatic signal modulation classification model are constructed. The performance test results show that the classification model can achieve a stable training and verification state when the two networks are connected. After 20 and 29 iterations, the loss values are 0.13 and 0.18, respectively. In addition, when the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is 25dB, the classification accuracy of parallel convolutional neural network and simple cyclic unit network model is as high as 0.99. Finally, the classification models of parallel convolutional neural networks and simple cyclic unit networks have stable correct classification probabilities when Doppler shift conditions are introduced as interference in practical application environment. In summary, the neural network fusion classification model designed can significantly improve the shortcomings of traditional automatic modulation classification methods, and further improve the classification accuracy of modulated signals.

Real Active Site Identification of Co/Co3O4 Anchoring Ni-MOF Nanosheets with Fast OER Kinetics for Overall Water Splitting.

Doping metals and constructing heterostructures are pivotal strategies to enhance the electrocatalytic activity of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Nevertheless, effectively designing MOF-based catalysts that incorporate both doping and multiphase interfaces poses a significant challenge. In this study, a one-step Co-doped and Co3O4-modified Ni-MOF catalyst (named Ni NDC-Co/CP) with a thickness of approximately 5.0 nm was synthesized by a solvothermal-assisted etching growth strategy. Studies indicate that the formation of the Co-O-Ni-O-Co bond in Ni NDC-Co/CP was found to facilitate charge density redistribution more effectively than the Co-O-Ni bimetallic synergistic effect in NiCo NDC/CP. The designating Ni NDC-Co/CP achieved superior oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity (245 mV @ 10 mA cm-2) and robust long stability (100 h @ 100 mA cm-2) in 1.0 M KOH. Furthermore, the Ni NDC-Co/CP(+)||Pt/C/CP(-) displays pregnant overall water splitting performance, achieving a current density of 10 mA cm-2 at an ultralow voltage of 1.52 V, which is significantly lower than that of commercial electrolyzer using Pt/C and IrO2 electrode materials. In situ Raman spectroscopy elucidated the transformation of Ni NDC-Co to Ni(Co)OOH under an electric field. This study introduces a novel approach for the rational design of MOF-based OER electrocatalysts.

Self-etching assembly of designed NiFeMOF nanosheet arrays as high-efficient oxygen evolution electrocatalyst for water splitting.

2D metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as potential candidates for electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reactions (OER) due to their inherent properties like abundant coordination unsaturated active sites and efficient charge transfer. Herein, a versatile and massively synthesizable self-etching assembly strategy wherein nickel-iron foam (NFF) acts as a substrate and a metal ion source. Specifically, by etching the nickel-iron foam (NFF) surface using ligands and solvents, Ni/Fe metal ions are activated and subsequently reacted under hydrothermal conditions, resulting in the formation of self-supporting nanosheet arrays, eliminating the need for external metal salts. The obtained 33 % NiFeMOF/NFF exhibits remarkable OER performance with ultra-low overpotentials of 188/231 mV at 10/100 mA cm-2, respectively, outperforming most recently reported catalysts. Besides, the built 33 % NiFeMOF/NFF(+)||Pt/C(-) electrolyzer presents low cell voltages of 1.55/1.83 V at 10/100 mA cm-2, superior to the benchmark RuO2 (+)||Pt/C(-), implying good industrialization prospects. The excellent catalytic activity stems from the modulation of the electronic spin state of the Ni active site by the introduction of Fe, which facilitates the adsorption process of oxygen-containing intermediates and thus enhances the OER activity. This innovative approach offers a promising pathway for commercial-scale sustainable energy solutions.

Myo10 tail is crucial for promoting long filopodia.

Filopodia are slender cellular protrusions containing parallel actin bundles involved in environmental sensing and signaling, cell adhesion and migration, and growth cone guidance and extension. Myosin 10 (Myo10), an unconventional actin-based motor protein, was reported to induce filopodial initiation with its motor domain. However, the roles of the multifunctional tail domain of Myo10 in filopodial formation and elongation remain elusive. Herein, we generated several constructs of Myo10-full-length Myo10, Myo10 with a truncated tail (Myo10 HMM), and Myo10 containing four mutations to disrupt its coiled-coil domain (Myo10 CC mutant). We found that the truncation of the tail domain decreased filopodial formation and filopodial length, while four mutations in the coiled-coil domain disrupted the motion of Myo10 toward filopodial tips and the elongation of filopodia. Furthermore, we found that filopodia elongated through multiple elongation cycles, which was supported by the Myo10 tail. These findings suggest that Myo10 tail is crucial for promoting long filopodia.

Precise Anchoring of Fe Sites by Regulating Crystallinity of Novel Binuclear Ni-MOF for Revealing Mechanism of Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution.

Bimetallic metal-organic framework (BMOF) exhibits better electrocatalytic performance than mono-MOF, but deciphering the precise anchoring of foreign atoms and revealing the underlying mechanisms at the atomic level remains a major challenge. Herein, a novel binuclear NiFe-MOF with precise anchoring of Fe sites is synthesized. The low-crystallinity (LC)-NiFe0.33 -MOF exhibited abundant unsaturated active sites and demonstrated excellent electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance. It achieved an ultralow overpotential of 230 mV at 10 mA cm-2 and a Tafel slope of 41 mV dec-1 . Using a combination of modulating crystallinity, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and theoretical calculations, the accurate metal sequence of BMOF and the synergistic effect of the active sites are identified, revealing that the adjacent active site plays a significant role in regulating the catalytic performance of the endmost active site. The proposed model of BMOF electrocatalysts facilitates the investigation of efficient OER electrocatalysts and the related catalytic mechanisms.

Altered anterograde axonal transport of mitochondria in cultured striatal neurons of a knock-in mouse model of Huntington's disease.

Huntington's disease (HD) is a progressive genetic neurodegenerative disease caused by an abnormal expansion of a cytosine-adenine-guanine trinucleotide repeat in the huntingtin gene. One pathological feature of HD is neuronal loss in the striatum. Despite many efforts, mechanisms underlying neuronal loss in HD striatum remain elusive. It was suggested that the mutant huntingtin protein interacts mitochondrial proteins and causes mitochondrial dysfunction in striatal neurons. However, whether axonal transport of mitochondria is altered in HD striatal neurons remains controversial. Here, we examined axonal transport of single mitochondria labelled with Mito-DsRed2 in cultured striatal neurons of zQ175 knock-in mice (a knock-in mouse model of HD). We observed decreased anterograde axonal transport of proximal mitochondria in HD striatal neurons compared with wild-type (WT) striatal neurons. Decreased anterograde transport in HD striatal neurons was prevented by overexpressing mitochondrial Rho GTPase 1 (Miro1). Our results offer a new insight into mechanisms underlying neuronal loss in the striatum in HD.

Ultrastable High Internal Phase Pickering Emulsions: Forming Mechanism, Processability, and Application in 3D Printing.

High internal phase Pickering emulsions (HIPPEs) are versatile platforms for various applications owing to their low-density, solid-like structure, and large specific surface area. Here, naturally occurring polysaccharide-protein hybrid nanoparticles (PPH NPs) were used to stabilize HIPPEs with an internal phase fraction of 80% at a PPH NP concentration of 1.5%. The obtained HIPPEs displayed a gel-like behavior with excellent stability against centrifugation (10000g, 10 min), temperature (4-121 °C), pH (1.0-11.0), and ionic strength (0-500 mM). Confocal laser scanning microscope and cryo-scanning electron microscopy results showed that PPH NPs contributed to the stability of HIPPEs by effectively adsorbing and anchoring on the surface of the emulsion droplets layer by layer to form a dense 3D network barrier to inhibit droplet coalescence. The rheological analysis showed that the HIPPEs possessed a higher viscosity and lower frequency dependence with increasing PPH NP concentration, suggesting the potential application of such HIPPEs in three-dimensional (3D) printing, which was subsequently confirmed by a 3D printing experiment. This work provides highly stable and processable HIPPEs, which can be developed as facile and reusable materials for numerous applications. They can also be directly used for future food manufacturing, drug and nutrient delivery, and tissue reconstruction.

Panax Notoginseng polysaccharide stabilized gel-like Pickering emulsions: Stability and mechanism.

In this work, the polysaccharide from Panax Notoginseng (SPNP), a traditional herb in China, was used as an outstanding Pickering stabilizer to fabricate Pickering emulsions. The SPNP was characterized to be a porous network structure with a rough surface surrounded by some nanoparticles. Rheological measurement of the obtained Pickering emulsions demonstrated the formation of emulsion gels. Moreover, the emulsions exhibited excellent storage (14 days), pH (1.0-11.0), ionic strength (0-500 mM), and temperature (4-50 °C) stabilities. In addition, the Pickering emulsions showed a freeze-thaw stability, which is beneficial in food, cosmetic or biomedical applications when they may require freezing for storage and melting before use. Confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) and cryo-scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM) results showed that SPNPs effectively adsorbed at the oil-water interface by forming a compact three-dimensional (3D) network structure and multilayer anchoring on the surface of the emulsion droplets, thus inhibiting the droplet coalescence and flocculation. This study provides a kind of Pickering emulsions applicable in food, biomedical and cosmetic industries.

The Optimum Dietary Phenylalanine Requirement of Hybrid Grouper (Epinephelusfuscoguttatus ♀ × Epinepheluslanceolatus ♂) Juveniles: Effects on Growth Performance, Gut Micromorphology, and Antioxidation.

The optimum phenylalanine (Phe) requirement for hybrid grouper (Epinephelusfuscoguttatus ♀ × Epinepheluslanceolatus ♂) juveniles was determined through an 8-week growth trial. A total of seven isoenergetic (340 kcal per 100 g of dry matter), isonitrogenous, and isolipidic diets were made, containing 8.2 (Phe 8.2), 9.2 (Phe 9.2), 10.1 (Phe 10.1), 11.2 (Phe 11.2), 13.3 (Phe 13.3), 15.2 (Phe 15.2), and 17.3 g/kg (Phe 17.3), respectively. Triplicate tanks of juvenile fish (about 16.7 g/fish) were fed each experimental diet twice daily until apparent satiation. The results indicated that different dietary Phe levels significantly influenced weight gain percentage (WG), feed efficiency (FE), protein efficiency ratio (PER), as well as, productive protein value (PPV). Fish fed Phe 8.2 had the lowest WG or PPV among all experimental treatments. Furthermore, the optimal dietary Phe level increased fold height, width, enterocyte, and microvillus height of fish. The Phe 10.1 group exhibited higher growth hormone (GH) expression in the pituitary compared to other groups. Expression of hepatic insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and growth hormone receptor 1 (GHR1) displayed a similar pattern of variation to that of GH. The Phe 13.3 group had lower expression of S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) and target of rapamycin (TOR) than other groups. In addition, fish fed Phe 10.1 had lower levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2 (Nrf2) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in the head kidney, and Cu/Zn-superoxide (Cu/ZnSOD) dismutases in the midgut compared to fish fed other Phe levels. Generally, optimal Phe content in the diet of hybrid grouper was estimated to be 12.7 g/kg of dry matter (27.3 g/kg of dietary protein), and at this level, the feed utilization, gut micromorphology, and immunity of fish were also elevated.

Effects of Dietary Protein-to-Energy Ratios on Growth, Immune Response, Antioxidative Capacity, Liver and Intestinal Histology, and Growth-Related Gene Expression in Hybrid Yellow Catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco ♀ × Pelteobagrus vachelli ♂).

This study is aimed at evaluating the effects of dietary protein-to-energy ratios on the growth, immunological response, antioxidative capacity, liver and intestinal histology, and growth-related gene expression of hybrid yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco ♀ × Pelteobagrus vachelli ♂). Eight diets were formulated to form different protein/energy ratios of 84, 88, 90, 93, 95, 96, 99, and 103 mg/kcal (P/E84, P/E88, P/E90, P/E93, P/E95, P/E96, P/E99, and P/E103), respectively. These diets contain different levels of gross energy (GE), ranging from 4.13 to 4.76 kcal g-1. Seven hundred and twenty healthy fish (17.15 ± 0.02 g) were randomly dispersed into 24 rectangular fiberglass tanks with 8 treatments in triplicate groups. The fish fed a P/E ratio of 95 mg/kcal demonstrated the best growth and feed utilization. A significant (P < 0.05) increase in percent weight gain (WG%) and specific growth rate (SGR) was seen as the dietary P/E ratio ameliorated from P/E84 to P/E95, followed by a decreased pattern in these parameters. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) and daily feed intake (DFI) were significantly impacted by dietary P/E ratios (P < 0.05). Additionally, an optimum P/E ratio improved intestinal morphology. However, low or high P/E ratio diets can cause oxidative stress, impaired liver function, and significantly reduced nonspecific immunity. The expression of target of rapamycin (TOR) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) genes in the liver was considerably influenced by dietary protein-to-energy ratios (P < 0.05). Based on the statistical analysis of WG% against the dietary P/E ratio, the optimal P/E ratio for the studied species was estimated to be 92.92 mg/kcal.

Study of a three-dimensional biofilm-electrode reactor (3D-BER) that combined heterotrophic and autotrophic denitrification (HAD) to remove nitrate from water.

A three-dimensional biofilm-electrode reactor (3D-BER) that combined heterotrophic and autotrophic denitrification (HAD) was developed to remove nitrate. The denitrification performance of the 3D-BER was evaluated under different experimental conditions, including current intensities (0-80 mA), COD/N ratios (0.5-5), and hydraulic retention times (2-12 h). The results showed that excessive current limited the nitrate removal efficiency. However, a longer hydraulic retention time was not required to achieve a better denitrification effect in the 3D-BER. Moreover, the nitrate could be effectively reduced over a broad range of COD/Ns (1-2.5), and its removal rate peaked at 89% at I = 40 mA, HRT = 8 h, and COD/N = 2. Although the current reduced the diversity of microorganisms in the system, it promoted the growth of dominant species. Nitrification microorganisms were enriched in the reactor, especially Thauera and Hydrogenophaga, which were crucial to the denitrification process. Thus, the combination of autotrophic denitrification and heterotrophic denitrification was promoted by the 3D-BER system to increase the efficiency of nitrogen removal.

GAIA-Universe: Everything is Super-Netify.

Pre-training on large-scale datasets has played an increasingly significant role in computer vision and natural language processing recently. However, as there exist numerous application scenarios that have distinctive demands such as certain latency constraints and specialized data distributions, it is prohibitively expensive to take advantage of large-scale pre-training for per-task requirements. we focus on two fundamental perception tasks (object detection and semantic segmentation) and present a complete and flexible system named GAIA-Universe(GAIA), which could automatically and efficiently give birth to customized solutions according to heterogeneous downstream needs through data union and super-net training. GAIA is capable of providing powerful pre-trained weights and searching models that conform to downstream demands such as hardware constraints, computation constraints, specified data domains, and telling relevant data for practitioners who have very few datapoints on their tasks. With GAIA, we achieve promising results on COCO, Objects365, Open Images, BDD100 k, and UODB which is a collection of datasets including KITTI, VOC, WiderFace, DOTA, Clipart, Comic, and more. Taking COCO as an example, GAIA is able to efficiently produce models covering a wide range of latency from 16 ms to 53 ms, and yields AP from 38.2 to 46.5 without whistles and bells. GAIA is released at https://github.com/GAIA-vision.

Dissecting chemical markers for controlling "Paozhi" method of traditional Chinese medicine with untargeted metabolomics: Vinegar-baked Euphorbia kansui as a case study.

The processing of Traditional Chinese Medicine requires the appropriate parameters, while the specific chemical markers are still absent to obtain the optimized processing. In this study, we used vinegar-baked Euphorbia kansui as a case to dissect the chemical markers for the baking process using untargeted metabolomics. The robust chemical markers were selected based on the three rules, correlation, significant difference, and controllability. All the differential features were categorized based on their mass defects. After the differential analysis, 310 differential compounds were screened out and could be mainly divided into six categories: diacylglycerols and triacylglycerols demonstrated increasing trends with the baking time in the discriminant model, while ingenane-type diterpenes, jatrophane-type diterpenes, fatty acid esters, and fatty acids had decreasing trends. It was unexpected to find that the diterpenes did not correlate with the baking time. Only very few compounds meet the three rules. They were validated with a high-performance liquid chromatography method. Finally, only 13-Hydroxy-9,11-octadecadienoic acid and its isomer 9-Hydroxy-10,12-octadecadienoic acid could be used further to differentiate the commercial vinegar-baked Euphorbia kansui. It would be of interest to evaluate whether these two compounds could be utilized as markers to control more processing methods in future studies.

Floating sandwich-type electro-Fenton: A feasible process to remove micro-pollutants through adsorption enrichment and enhanced oxidation efficiency.

To improve the removal efficiency of low-concentration organic pollutants and enhance the oxidation efficiency of electro-Fenton (EF) process, a floating sandwich-type EF system (N/(A)/D-EF) without aeration was constructed for the first time. This EF system electro-synthesized H2O2 through the floating natural air diffusion electrode (NADE) without aeration, and regenerated Fe(II) effectively by the activated carbon fiber (ACF) interlayer, which significantly enhanced the process oxidation capacity since its •OH yield was 8.7 times that of the conventional EF system. In addition, the ACF interlayer could adsorb and enrich micro-pollutants and the generated •OH directly oxidize the pollutants adsorbed on the ACF, which enabled regeneration of ACF and maintained removal stability in 20 consecutive experiments. The removal rate constant (k) of carbamazepine by N/(A)/D-EF process was 7.6 times and 2.1 times higher than that of conventional EF and ACF adsorption process, respectively. This process could efficiently remove mixed low-concentration organic pollutants (0.1 mg L-1) in domestic sewage and lake water with rate constant 1.6-7.1 times that of the conventional EF process but lower energy consumption. Meanwhile, the N/(A)/D-EF process had a wider application range of sewage pH and conductivity, which was a promising process for removing low-concentration pollutants in wastewater.

Nano-α-Fe2 O3 for enhanced denitrification in a heterotrophic/biofilm-electrode autotrophic denitrification reactor.

In this study, a heterotrophic/biofilm-electrode autotrophic denitrification reactor (HAD-BER) was constructed and nano-ɑ-Fe2 O3 was coated on granular activated carbon (GAC) as a third electrode to enhance the nitrate removal performance. The introduction of nano-ɑ-Fe2 O3 could stimulate microorganisms to secrete more extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), accelerating the electron transfer. Moreover, more denitrification bacteria were enriched on the particle electrodes, especially Pseudomonas and Thermomonas, which played a significant role in denitrification. The denitrification performance at different COD/N ratios (0.65-3.23) and current intensities (0-150 mA) was investigated in depth. When the nitrate concentration of the influent was 60 mg/L, nitrate was almost completely removed at the optimal current intensity (60 mA) and COD/N ratio (1.29). At the same time, there was almost no nitrite (<0.10 mg/L) and ammonia nitrogen (0 mg/L) accumulation in the effluent. This study provided a new direction for the advancement of HAD-BER and accelerated its implementation. PRACTITIONER POINTS: By introducing nano-a-Fe2O3 into HAD-BER, more denitrification bacteria were enriched on the particle electrodes. The increased contents of polysaccharide and protein content could accelerate the electron transfer. Almost completely denitrification could be achieved at current = 60 mA and COD/N = 1.29. The study provided a new direction for the further development of HAD-BERs.

An efficient Fe2+ assisted UV/electrogenerated-chlorine process for carbamazepine degradation: The role of Fe(IV).

To improve the performance and solve the restrictions of UV/chlorine process (e.g., the narrow pH application range and high disinfection by-products (DBPs) formation), a Fe2+ assisted advanced oxidation process with electrochemically generated chlorine (UV/E-Cl/Fe2+) was proposed for carbamazepine (CBZ) degradation, which eliminated CBZ (5 mg/L) within 4 min under the optimal conditions. Compared with UV/electro-generated chlorine (UV/E-Cl) and anodic oxidation-chlorination/Fe2+ (AO-Cl/Fe2+) processes, the apparent first-order kinetics constant in UV/E-Cl/Fe2+ increased by 2.56 and 3.18 times respectively, and the energy consumption was lower (1.15 kWh/m3-log). Simultaneously, the pH application range could be expanded to 9, and DBPs formed in this process were 17.1% less than those in UV/E-Cl. Through quenching tests, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) experiments, measurement of •OH concentration, quantification of methyl phenyl sulfoxide (PMSO) and benzosulfone (PMSO2) and processes comparison, possible CBZ degradation pathways and mechanism of UV/E-Cl/Fe2+ were proposed, in which Fe(IV) played the dominant role in the early stage, while the production of radicals (i.e., •OH and Cl•) was enhanced with the increase of chlorine generation, accelerating the CBZ removal. Furthermore, this process demonstrated wide application prospect in treating various contaminants and real wastewaters. In conclusion, this study offers an effective and energy-efficient method for organic pollutants degradation.

Silibinin Ameliorates Formaldehyde-Induced Cognitive Impairment by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress.

Silibinin is a flavonoid extracted from the medicinal plant Silybum marianum (milk thistle), traditionally used to treat liver disease. Recent studies have shown that the antioxidative stress and anti-inflammatory effects of milk thistle are used in the treatment of neurological diseases. Silibinin has antioxidative stress and antiapoptotic effects and reduces cognitive impairment in models of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the underlying mechanism of silibinin related to improvement of cognition remains poorly understood. In this study, we used the model of lateral ventricle injection of formaldehyde to examine the related mechanism of silibinin in improving cognitive impairment disorders. Oral administration of silibinin for three weeks significantly attenuated the cognitive deficits of formaldehyde-induced mice in a Y-maze test and Morris water maze test. Y-maze results show that silibinin increases the rate of spontaneous response alternation in FA-induced mice. Silibinin increases the target quadrant spending time and decreases escape latency in the Morris water maze test. We examined the effect of silibinin on the NRF2 signaling pathway, and silibinin promoted the nuclear transfer of NRF2 and increased the expression of HO-1 but did not significantly increase the protein expression of NRF2 in the hippocampus. Well, silibinin reduces the content of DHE and decreases the levels of apoptosis of mature neuron cells. We investigated the effect of silibinin on the content of formaldehyde degrading enzymes; biochemical analyses revealed that silibinin increased GSH and ALDH2 in formaldehyde-induced mice. In addition, as one of the pathological changes of AD, TAU protein is also hyperphosphorylated in FA model mice. Silibinin inhibits the expression of GSK-3ß in model mice, thereby reducing the phosphorylation of TAU proteins ser396 and ser404 mediated by GSK3ß. Based on our findings, we verified that the mechanism of silibinin improving cognitive impairment may be antioxidative stress, and silibinin is one of the potentially promising drugs to prevent formaldehyde-induced cognitive impairment.

Analysis of Spatial Heterogeneity and Influencing Factors of Ecological Environment Quality in China's North-South Transitional Zone.

The ecological environment is important for the natural disaster prevention of human society. The monitoring of ecological environment quality has far-reaching practical significance for the functional construction of ecosystem services and policy coordination. Based on Landsat 8 operational land image (OLI)/thermal infrared sensor (TIRS) remote sensing image data, this study selected the normalized vegetation (NDVI), tasseled cap transformation humidity (WI), bare soil (SI), construction index (NDSI), and land surface temperature (LST) indexes from the aspects of greenness, humidity, dryness, and heat. Using spatial principal component analysis (SPCA) and the remote sensing ecological index (RSEI) analyzed the spatial differentiation characteristics and influencing factors of the original remote sensing ecological index (RSEI0). The results showed that: (1) the overall RSEI average value of the Qinling-Daba Mountains in 2017 was 0.61, and the ecological environment quality was at a "Good" level. Greenness contributed the most to the comprehensive index of the area, and vegetation distribution had a significant impact on the ecological environment quality of the study area. Heat is a secondary impact, and it has an inhibitory effect on habitat quality; (2) the overall distribution of regional ecological environment quality was quite different, with the ecological environment quality level showing a decreasing trend from low to high altitude; RSEI0 spatial heterogeneity at the optimal scale of 2 km was the largest, and the nugget effect was 88% which indicated a high degree of spatial variability, mainly affected by structural factors; (3) Slope, relief amplitude, elevation, the proportion of high-vegetation area, proportion of construction land area, and average population density significantly impact the spatial differentiation of RSEI0. The explanatory powers of slope and relief amplitude were 56.1% and 65.3%, respectively, which were the main factors affecting the spatial differentiation of the ecological environment quality in high undulation. The results can provide important scientific support for ecological environment construction and ecological restoration in the study area.

Silencing long noncoding RNA LINC01138 inhibits aerobic glycolysis to reduce glioma cell proliferation by regulating the microRNA­375/SP1 axis.

Glioma is a primary cerebral neoplasm that originates from glial tissue and spreads to the central nervous system. Long noncoding RNAs are known to play a role in glioma cells by regulating cell proliferation, migration and invasion. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanism by which long intergenic non­protein coding RNA (LINC) 01138 affects glycolysis and proliferation in glioma cells via the microRNA (miR)­375/specificity protein 1 (SP1) axis. LINC01138 expression was assessed in glioma tissues and cells using reverse transcription­quantitative PCR and the association between LINC01138 and patient clinicopathological features was analyzed. Glucose uptake, lactic acid secretion, cell proliferation, and glycolysis­related enzyme levels were detected following LINC01138 silencing using CCK­8, EDU assay and western blot analysis. miR­375 and SP1 expression levels were also assessed, and the distribution of LINC01138 in the nucleus and cytoplasm was investigated using subcellular fractionation localization. Furthermore, the binding relationships between LINC01138 and miR­375, and between miR­375 and SP1 were assessed via dual­luciferase experiment, RIP and RNA pull­down assays. Finally, xenograft transplantation models were used to verify the in vitro results. LINC01138 was highly expressed in glioma, which was independent of patient sex or age but was significantly related to tumor diameter, the World Health Organization tumor grade and lymph node metastasis. Silencing LINC01138 significantly reduced glioma glycolysis and cell proliferation. Moreover, LINC01138 acted as a competing endogenous RNA to sponge miR­375 and promote SP1 expression. miR­375 inhibition significantly reversed the effect of LINC01138 silencing. In addition, silencing LINC01138 significantly reduced tumor growth in vivo. The present study demonstrated that silencing LINC01138 inhibited aerobic glycolysis and thus reduced glioma cell proliferation, potentially by modulating the miR­375/SP1 axis.

Untargeted metabolomics coupled with chemometric analysis deducing robust markers for discrimination of processing procedures: Wine-processed Angelica sinensis as a case study.

Wine-processed Angelica Sinensis is a widely used Chinese medicinal decoction piece in China. However, there are hardly any robust markers indicating the processing procedure of wine-processed Angelica Sinensis, including the amount of rice wine and processing degree. A strategy integrating untargeted metabolomics and chemometric analysis for deducing robust markers was provided and applied to the discrimination of processing procedure. First, 86 compounds were tentatively identified in wine-processed Angelica Sinensis by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry. Second, 93 potential chemical markers were selected using multivariate analysis, among which nine robust chemical markers were selected by verification with commercial samples. Finally, the effects of processing temperature, time, and amount of rice wine on the three selected chemical markers were investigated through a rapid analytical method. It was demonstrated that both m/z 258.1097 and 238.1189 were positively correlated with the amount of rice wine and processing degree. In summary, this study introduced two candidate processing markers as robust markers for discriminating the processing procedures of wine-processed Angelica sinensis. It also proposed a strategy to provide the reference for the research of other decoction pieces.