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Calcium-overload-mediated tumor therapy has received considerable interest in oncology. However, its efficacy has been proven to be inadequate due to insufficient calcium ion concentration at the tumor site coupled with challenges in facilitating efficient calcium uptake by tumors, leading to unsatisfactory therapeutic outcomes. In the present study, calcium carbonate nanoshell mineralized ferric polydopamine nanoparticles (Fe-PDA@CaCO3 NPs) were prepared for achieving Ca2+-overload-mediated tumor therapy. Upon entering the tumor site, the pH-responsive CaCO3 layer, acting as a "Ca2+ storage pool", rapidly degraded and released high quantities of free Ca2+ within the weakly acidic environment. The Fe-PDA core, with its excellent photothermal conversion properties, could significantly increase the temperature upon exposure to near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation, thereby activating the TRPV1 channel and leading to a large influx of released Ca2+ into the cytoplasm. Furthermore, the exposed Fe-PDA core could react with the tumor-overexpressed hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to efficiently produce hydroxyl radicals (â¢OH), significantly increasing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and thus inhibiting the activity of the Ca2+ efflux pump, resulting in a high intracellular Ca2+ concentration. Ultimately, the increase in calcium/ROS levels could disrupt mitochondrial homeostasis and activate the apoptosis pathway. The current work presents a promising approach for tumor therapy using photothermal-enhanced calcium-overload-mediated ion interference therapy and chemodynamic therapy.
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Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) is a novel tumor treatment method by using hydroxyl radicals (â¢OH) to kill cancer cells. However, its therapeutic effects are strictly confined by the short lifespan of â¢OH and reduced â¢OH generation speed. Herein, an effective CDT is achieved by both improving â¢OH lifetime and long-lasting generating â¢OH through intraparticle electron transfer within heterogeneous nanoparticles (NPs). These heterogeneous NPs are composed of evenly distributed Cu and Fe3O4 (CFO NPs) with large interaction interfaces, and electrons tend to transfer from Cu to Fe3O4 for the appearance of ≡Cu2+ and increase in ≡Fe2+. The generated ≡Cu2+ can interact with GSH, which prolongs the lifespan of â¢OH, produces ≡Cu+ for higher speed â¢OH generation with H2O2, and induces cell ferroptosis for tumor therapy. The improved ≡Fe2+ can also improve the â¢OH release under H2O2 until Cu is depleted. As a result, a sustainable â¢OH generation is achieved to promote cell apoptosis for effective tumor therapy. Since H2O2 and GSH are only overexpressed at tumor, and CFO NPs can degrade in the tumor microenvironment, these NPs are with high biosafety and can be metabolized by urine. This work provides a novel biomaterial for effective cancer CDT through intraparticle electron transfer.
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Aim: Atopic dermatitis (AD) often accompanies skin infections, and bacterial skin infections often cause persistent and worsening symptoms. In this study, we explored the key changes in the microbiota of AD patients, as well as the effects of different ages and the severity of rash on changes in the microbiota. Patients and Methods: A total of 95 AD patients and 77 healthy volunteers were recruited. The AD patients were divided into three groups based age and three groups according to the EASI score. Microorganisms collected from the skin were analyzed through 16S rRNA gene sequencing, revealing species diversity via α and ß diversity analyses. Species compositions were compared at the phylum and genus levels. The significance of skin microbiota at the genus level was assessed using the random forest algorithm. Finally, the impact of relationships between different microbial communities on the microbial community composition and the pathogenesis of AD was explored using Pearson correlation coefficients. Results: The species diversity of the skin microbiota in the AD group significantly decreased. Compared with that in the healthy volunteers (HV) group, the bacterial diversity in the two groups of samples significantly differed. Staphylococcus dominated the bacterial communities, and as AD symptoms gradually worsened, the abundance of Staphylococcus gradually increased. Among all bacterial genera with a relative abundance greater than 1%, Staphylococcus showed a negative correlation with other genera, and showed significant consistency in specimens from different age groups. Conclusion: Changes in the abundance of Staphylococcus in the skin bacterial colonies are the main cause of AD. Brevundimonas, Paracoccus, Corynebacterium, and Veillonella may serve as characteristic biomarkers for AD. These results indicate that altering the microbiota composition of the skin may aid in the treatment of AD.
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BACKGROUND: This study aimed to examine the reporting quality of existing economic evaluations for negotiated glucose-lowering drugs (GLDs) included in China National Reimbursement Drug List (NRDL) using the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards 2013 (CHEERS 2013). METHODS: We performed a systematic literature research through 7 databases to identify published economic evaluations for GLDs included in the China NRDL up to March 2021. Reporting quality of identified studies was assessed by two independent reviewers based on the CHEERS checklist. The Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test were performed to examine the association between reporting quality and characteristics of the identified studies. RESULTS: We have identified 24 studies, which evaluated six GLDs types. The average score rate of the included studies was 77.41% (SD:13.23%, Range 47.62%-91.67%). Among all the required reporting items, characterizing heterogeneity (score rate = 4.17%) was the least satisfied item. Among six parts of CHEERS, results part scored least at 0.55 (score rate = 54.79%) because of the incompleteness of characterizing uncertainty. Results from the Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test showed that model choice, journal type, type of economic evaluations, and study perspective were associated with the reporting quality of the studies. CONCLUSIONS: There remains room to improve the reporting quality of economic evaluations for GLDs in NRDL. Checklists such as CHEERS should be widely used to improve the reporting quality of economic researches in China.
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Hipoglucemiantes , China , Humanos , Hipoglucemiantes/economía , Hipoglucemiantes/uso terapéutico , Análisis Costo-Beneficio , Mecanismo de Reembolso/normas , NegociaciónRESUMEN
Background: Postoperative delirium (POD) is a common complication following cardiac surgery and increases postoperative morbidity and mortality. Intraoperative electroencephalogram (EEG) burst suppression suggests excessively deep anesthesia and predicts POD. Use of remimazolam provides a stable hemodynamic status and an appropriate depth of anesthesia. We aim to assess remimazolam administered for anesthesia and sedation in elderly patients having cardiac surgery. Methods: This is a randomized controlled clinical trial with noninferiority design. A total of 260 elderly patients aged equal to or greater than 60 years undergoing cardiac surgery will be randomly allocated to receive remimazolam or propofol (1:1) for general anesthesia and postoperative sedation until extubation. The primary outcome is the cumulative time with EEG burst suppression which is obtained from the SedLine system. The noninferiority margin is 2.0 min. The secondary outcomes include the POD occurrence within the first 5 days postoperatively and the duration of perioperative hypotension. Discussion: This noninferiority trial is the first to evaluate the effect of perioperative remimazolam administration on EEG burst suppression, POD occurrence, and duration of hypotension in elderly patients who undergo cardiac surgery. Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2200056353).
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To maintain a comfortable indoor living environment in low latitude or tropical regions, humans consume significant amounts of electrical energy in air conditioning, leading to substantial CO2 emissions. Passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) allows objects to cool down during the daytime without any energy consumption by dissipating heat through the atmospheric transparency window (8-13 µm) to outer space, which has garnered significant attention. However, the practical applications of common PDRC materials are hindered by their poor optical selectivity and high-reflective silver backing. Additionally, the availability of artificial photon emitters with complex structures and excellent performance is also limited by their high cost. Herein, a novel multilayer prismatic photonic metamaterial film without any silver reflector, easily scalable and produced by a roll-to-roll method is demonstrated, which exhibits ≈96.4% sunlight reflectance (0.3-2.5 µm) and ≈97.2% emissivity in mid-infrared (IR) (8-13 µm). At an average solar intensity of ≈920 W m-2, it is on average 6.8 °C below ambient temperature during the day and theoretically yields a radiative cooling power of 88.9 W m-2. Furthermore, the film exhibits excellent hydrophobicity, superior flexibility, and robust mechanical strength, providing an attractive and viable pathway for practical applications addressing the pressing challenges of climate and energy issues.
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Self-monitoring in tumor therapy is a concept that allows for real-time monitoring of the location and state of applied nanomaterials. This monitoring relies on dynamic signals, such as wave or magnetic signals, which vary in response to changes in the location and state of nanomaterials. Dynamic changes in nanomaterials can be monitored using dynamic signals, making it possible to determine and control the treatment process. Theranostic nanomaterials, which possess unique physical and chemical properties, have recently been explored as a viable option for self-monitoring. With the help of self-monitoring, theranostic nanomaterials can guide themselves to achieve region-selective treatment with higher controllability and safety. In this review, self-monitoring theranostic nanomaterials will be introduced in three parts according to their roles during therapy: tumor accumulation, tumor therapy, and metabolism. The limitations and future challenges of current self-monitoring theranostic nanomaterials will also be discussed.
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DNA nanorobots have garnered increasing attention in recent years due to their unique advantages of modularity and algorithm simplicity. To accomplish specific tasks in complex environments, various walking strategies are required for the DNA legs of the nanorobot. In this paper, we employ computational simulations to investigate a well-designed DNA-legged nanorobot moving along a nanopore-based track on a planar membrane. The nanorobot consists of a large nanoparticle as the robot core and three single-stranded DNAs (ssDNAs) as the robot legs. The nanopores linearly embedded in the membrane serve as the toeholds for the robot legs. A charge gradient along the pore distribution mainly powers the activation of the nanorobot. The nanorobot can move in two modes: a walking mode, where the robot legs sequentially enter the nanopores, and a jumping mode, where the robot legs may skip a nanopore to reach the next one. Moreover, we observe that the moving dynamics of the nanorobot on the nanopore-based tracks depends on pore-pore distance, pore charge gradient, external voltage, and leg length.
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The combination of chemo/chemodynamic therapy is a promising strategy for improving antitumor efficacy. Herein, metal-phenolic network nanoparticles (NPs) self-assembled from copper ions and gallic acid (Cu-GA) are developed to evoke apoptosis and cuproptosis for synergistic chemo/chemodynamic therapy. The Cu-GA NPs are biodegraded in response to the highly expressed glutathione (GSH) in tumor cells, resulting in the simultaneous release of Cu+ and GA. The intracellular GSH content is dramatically reduced by the released GA, rendering the tumor cells incapable of scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) and more susceptible to cuproptosis. Meanwhile, ROS levels within the tumor cells are significantly increased by the Fenton-like reaction of released Cu+ , which disrupts redox homeostasis and achieves apoptosis-related chemodynamic therapy. Moreover, massive accumulation of Cu+ in the tumor cells further induces aggregation of lipoylated dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase and downregulation of iron-sulfur cluster protein, activating cuproptosis to enhance the antitumor efficacy of Cu-GA NPs. The experiments in vivo further demonstrate that Cu-GA NPs exhibited the excellent biosafety and superior antitumor capacity, which can efficiently inhibit the growth of tumors due to the activation by the tumor specific GSH and hydrogen peroxide. These Cu-based metal-phenolic network NPs provide a potential strategy to build up efficient and safe cancer therapy.
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Nanopartículas del Metal , Neoplasias , Humanos , Cobre/farmacología , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno , Apoptosis , Glutatión , Homeostasis , Peróxido de Hidrógeno , Oxidación-Reducción , Fenoles , Línea Celular Tumoral , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
The densified MnZn ferrite ceramics were prepared using the cold sintering process under pressure, with an acetate ethanol solution used as the transient solvent. The effects of the transient solvent, the pressure and annealing temperature on the density, and the micromorphology and magnetic properties of the sintered MnZn ferrites were studied. The densified MnZn ferrite was obtained using the cold sintering process and its relative density reached up to 85.4%. The transient solvent and high pressure are essential to the cold sintering process for MnZn ferrite. The annealing treatment is indispensable in obtaining the sample with the higher density. The relative density was further increased to 97.2% for the sample annealed at 950 °C for 6 h. The increase in the annealing temperature reduces the power loss at high frequencies.
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A new ent-abietane diterpenoid, named Euphejolkinolide A (1), was isolated from the whole plant of Euphorbia peplus L. Its structure, including absolute configurations, was determined by spectroscopic analyses and was corroborated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. This new compound was assessed for its activity to induce lysosome biogenesis through Lyso-Tracker Red staining, in which compound 1 could significantly induce lysosome biogenesis. In addition, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis demonstrated a direct correlation between the observed lysosome biogenesis and the transcriptional activation of the lysosomal genes after treatment with the compound 1. Moreover, compound 1 promoted autophagic flux by upregulating LC3-II and downregulating SQSTM1 in both human microglia cells and U251 cells, which is required for cellular homeostasis. Further results suggested 1 induced lysosome biogenesis and autophagy which was mediated by TFEB (transcription factor EB). The structure activity relationships (SAR) analysis suggested that the carbony1 at C-7 in 1 might be a key active group. Overall, the current data suggested that 1 could be a potential compound for lysosome disorder therapy by induction of autophagy.
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The major method used to reduce the magnetic loss of soft magnetic composites (SMCs) is to coat the magnetic powder with an insulating layer, but the permeability is usually sacrificed in the process. In order to achieve a better balance between low losses and high permeability, a novel photodecomposition method was used in this study to create a ZnO insulating layer. The effect of the concentration of diethyl zinc on the formation of a ZnO insulating film by photodecomposition was studied. The ZnO film was best formed with a diethyl zinc n-hexane solution at a concentration of around 0.40 mol/L. Combined with conventional coupling treatment processes, a thin and dense insulating layer was coated on the surface of iron powder in situ. Treating the iron powder before coating by photodecomposition led to a synergistic effect, significantly reduced core loss, and the effective permeability only decreased slightly. An iron-based soft magnetic composite with a loss value of 124 kW/m3 and an effective permeability of 107 was obtained at the frequency of 100 kHz and a magnetic field intensity of 20 mT.
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Ceramic injection molding is a near-net shape-processing technique, producing ceramic components with low tooling costs and complex shapes. In this paper, ZrO2 ceramics with high loading content in the green part were prepared by powder modification using zirconate coupling agent, injection molding and sintering, which benefited decreasing the usage of binders and deformation of ceramics. The rheological characteristics of feedstocks, densities, microstructures and mechanical properties of green and sintered parts with the different coupling media and sintering temperatures were studied. The results showed that the addition of a zirconate coupling agent with ethanol medium obviously increased the flowability of feedstocks and benefited achieving the green parts with high powder loading (86.5 wt.%) and bending strength (12.9 MPa) and the final unbroken ceramics. In addition, the sintering temperatures from 1500-1575 °C had no significant effects on the density, hardness, and surface morphology of the ceramic samples. However, the bending strength increased and some large grains with transgranular fracture occurred on the fractural surface at the sintering temperature of 1575 °C.
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BACKGROUND: The life attitude of health care workers can deeply influence the quality of care. Examining the performance of the Short-Form Life Attitude Inventory (SF-LAI), this study analyzes the factorial structure, reliability, and invariance of the revised SF-LAI across genders and professions among the staff of a teaching medical center. METHODS: The SF-LAI was developed for university students in Taiwan. From January to February 2019, we administered a cross-sectional survey of life attitudes by distributing the SF-LAI to all staff members of a medical center in Taiwan. The construct validity was evaluated using a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Model fit was assessed in terms of the comparative fit index (CFI), Tucker-Lewis index (TFI), standardized root mean square residual (SRMR), and root mean square of error of approximation (RMSEA). Internal consistency was calculated using Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega. We also performed the CFA invariance analysis for the SF-LAI-R across genders and professions (physician, nurse and other hospital staff). RESULTS: Of 884 (24.62%) responses, 835 were valid. The participants had a mean age of 47.8 years, and 20.12% were male. In a comparison of multiple CFAs, a second-order model with six factors outperformed other models. The goodness of fit indices revealed the CFI was 0.955, TFI was 0.952, RMSEA was 0.071, and SRMR was 0.038. The Cronbach's alphas, McDonald's omega coefficients for internal consistency were all greater than 0.8. The first and second-order model had metric and scalar invariance across genders and professions. CONCLUSIONS: As health care demands evolve, humanities are becoming more important in medical education. Life attitude of hospital care worker is a crucial indicator of whether one embodies the ideals of a humanistic education. The revised SF-LAI has acceptable structural validity, internal consistency, and invariance across genders and professions among staff members of a teaching medical center.
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Personal de Hospital , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Psicometría , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
A sensitive biosensor capable of detecting trace concentrations of several cancer biomarkers in clinical samples is critical for early detection of cancer because different cancer biomarkers may be expressed at different stages of cancer. Previous multiplex studies using microarrays or color-coded beads had limited multiplex detection in a single well, and difficulty in optimizing and unifying the incubation parameters for all tests made in different wells had posed challenges to small sample size and lengthened assay time. Herein, we proposed a novel approach to achieve multiplex analysis on a single three-dimensional porous calcium alginate bead. Because of the high surface area to volume ratio of the calcium alginate immuno-bead, the sensitivity and linear dynamic range of the as-proposed multiplex analysis method are significantly improved. Based on the direct sandwich immunoassay principle, dual-capturing antibodies were encapsulated into a single 3D porous calcium alginate bead as a proof-of-concept for multiplexity detection of serum-HER2 and serum-CA125 breast cancer biomarkers. High sensitivity was attained, with LODs of 0.004 ng mL-1 for serum HER2, and 0.005 U mL-1 for serum CA125, both of which are below the clinical cutoff values, enabling for early breast cancer diagnosis. Stability tests revealed that the 3D immuno-beads were stable at 4 °C and room temperature (25 °C) for at least 14 days. Most importantly, the results obtained using the developed system were in good agreement with those obtained using standard methods while analyzing real clinical samples. In addition, the analysis required only approximately 30 min, which was much less time than typical ELISA techniques. When endogenous interferences were introduced, no cross-reactivity was observed. We anticipate this approach to be potentially used in the multiplex assays and biosensors.
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Alginatos/química , Neoplasias de la Mama/sangre , Antígeno Ca-125/sangre , Proteínas de la Membrana/sangre , Receptor ErbB-2/sangre , Biomarcadores de Tumor/sangre , Técnicas Biosensibles/métodos , Femenino , Fluorescencia , Humanos , Inmunoensayo/métodos , Límite de Detección , PorosidadRESUMEN
In this paper,metabolomics and network pharmacology were used to investigate the bioactive components of Harrisonia perforata and their possible mechanisms of action. Metabolites in the flowers,fruits,branches,leaves and stalks of H. perforata were analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Meanwhile,multiple statistical analysis methods including principal component analysis( PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis( OPLS-DA)were applied to screen and identify differential compounds. With metabolomics method,9 differential compounds were preliminarily identified from leaves and other non-traditional medicinal parts. Subsequently,these compounds were explored by using network pharmacology. With gastrointestinal absorption and drug-likeness as limiting conditions,they were imported into the Swiss ADME,from which 7 compounds with potential medicinal activity were obtained. Then,their targets were predicted by PharmMapper,with Human Protein Targets Only and Normalized Fit Score>0. 9 set as limiting conditions,and 60 standardized potential targets were identified with Uniprot. KEGG( Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes) pathway data was obtained using metascape and the " potential active ingredients-target-pathway" network was constructed with Cytoscape 3. 7. 2. The enrichment analysis of KEGG demonstrated that the 60 targets were enriched in 78 signaling pathways( min overlap: 3,P value cutoff: 0. 01,min enrichment: 1. 5),many of which are related to anti-bacteria,anti-inflammation and anti-virus,such as IL-17 signaling pathway,RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway and NOD-like receptor signaling pathway. Finally,depending on the clinical activity of H. perforata,the relevant signaling pathways were analyzed through experimental data and literature. Dehydroconiferyl alcohol was reported to have the anti-inflammatory effect and perforamone D to possess the antimycobacterial activity. The KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that dehydroconiferyl alcohol could act on the Alzheimer's disease( AD) signaling pathway by targeting CDK5 R1 and BACE1. ACh E inhibitor is the most promising drug to treat AD,while dehydroconiferyl alcohol has been proved to inhibit ACh E according to literature. The experimental results revealed that the extract of leaves of H. perforata can effectively inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. These are consistent with the enrichment analysis results of KEGG. This study explored the bioactive components and pharmacodynamics of the leaves of the H. perforata,laying a theoretical foundation for its in-depth development and rational application.
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Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Simaroubaceae , Secretasas de la Proteína Precursora del Amiloide , Ácido Aspártico Endopeptidasas , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/farmacología , Humanos , MetabolómicaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The importance of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and des-gamma-carboxyprothrombin (DCP) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been studied extensively in Japan, where hepatitis C virus is the predominant aetiology of HCC. The clinical profiles of HCC regarding the state of AFP and DCP in a hepatitis B virus epidemic area have not been comprehensively investigated, and the value of these tumour markers in evaluating the response to treatment and the detection of recurrence has yet to be determined. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 4792 patients treated in our centre were continuously analysed regarding accessible AFP and DCP data pre- and posttreatment. Baseline characteristics were summarized, and comparisons of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were made independently. The prognostic significance of each factor was tested with the Cox proportional hazards model. Patients who had AFP and DCP data pretreatment, pre- and posttreatment, and those who were continuously monitored more than twice were analysed separately. RESULTS: A total of 2600 patients (53.4%) were positive for AFP and DCP; 362 (7.6%) and 1211 (25.3%) patients were AFP- or DCP-positive, respectively, and 619 patients (12.9%) were negative for both AFP and DCP. Patients in the AFP single-positive or double-negative groups had the best OS (P<0.001). Patients with less than 50% responses in AFP and DCP after treatments suffered from worse prognostic survival (P<0.001). In the multivariate analysis, elevated AFP and DCP were identified as independent prognostic factors of PFS and OS. In addition, different tumour markers were related to different clinical and pathological traits. CONCLUSION: The present study comprehensively explored the clinical value of classical tumour markers for HCC using the "point-to-line" method. Positivity of pretreatment AFP and DCP or less than 50% treatment response rates exhibited more aggressive HCC, resulting in poor PFS and OS in HCC patients.
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BACKGROUND: Dexmedetomidine sedation has been associated with favourable outcomes after surgery. We aimed to assess whether perioperative dexmedetomidine use is associated with improved survival after cardiac surgery. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included 2068 patients undergoing on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting and/or valve surgery. Among them, 1029 patients received dexmedetomidine, and 1039 patients did not. Intravenous dexmedetomidine infusion of 0.007 µg kg-1 min-1 was initiated before or immediately after cardiopulmonary bypass and lasted for < 24 h. The primary outcome was 5-year survival after cardiac surgery. The propensity scores matching (PSM), inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW), and overlap weighting approaches were used to minimise bias. Survival analyses were performed with Cox proportional-hazard models. RESULTS: The median age was 63 yr old and the male to female ratio was 71:29 in both groups. Baseline covariates were balanced between groups after adjustment using PSM, IPTW, or overlap weighting. Patients receiving dexmedetomidine in cardiac surgical procedures had higher survival during postoperative 5 yr in unadjusted analysis (hazard ratio [HR]=0.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.51-0.78; P<0.001), and after adjustment with PSM (HR=0.63; 95% CI, 0.45-0.89; P=0.009), IPTW (HR=0.70; 95% CI, 0.51-0.95; P=0.023), or overlap weighting (HR=0.67; 95% CI, 0.51-0.89; P=0.006). The 5-yr mortality rate after cardiac surgery was 13% and 20% in the dexmedetomidine and non-dexmedetomidine groups, respectively (PSM adjusted odds ratio=0.61; 95% CI, 0.42-0.89; P=0.010). CONCLUSION: Perioperative dexmedetomidine infusion was associated with improved 5-yr survival in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
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Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Cardíacos/métodos , Dexmedetomidina/uso terapéutico , Hipnóticos y Sedantes/uso terapéutico , Atención Perioperativa/métodos , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/prevención & control , Anciano , Estudios de Cohortes , Puente de Arteria Coronaria , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Análisis de Supervivencia , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
One new Daphniphyllum alkaloid, daphnioldhanol A (1), together with three known ones, were isolated from the stem part of Daphniphyllum angustifolium Hutch. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods and comparing with the literature data. Compound 2 is a new natural product, but known by synthesis as a racemate. Compound 1 exhibited week cytotoxic activity against Hela cell line with IC50 of 31.9 µM.
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Polyvinyl butyral (PVB) was used in the Al(OH)3/carbon black/ethanol slurries by the three-roll mixing to prepare AlN powder using the carbothermal reduction-nitridation (CRN) process in the experiments. The effects of PVB addition on the synthesis of AlN powder were studied by viscosity, tap density, XRD, SEM and TG measurements. The results showed that the PVB layer covering on the surface of Al(OH)3 particles reduced the viscosity of Al(OH)3/carbon/ethanol slurry and increased the dispersion homogeneity of Al(OH)3/carbon raw powder. The tap densities of the Al(OH)3/carbon mixtures after three-roll milling could be increased with the increase in PVB addition. In the CRN process, most of the PVB covering Al(OH)3 particles evaporated and supplied the passage for nitrogen removal to the particles. Based on the experimental data, the role of PVB on the mixing and CRN process was discussed.