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1.
Int J Mol Sci ; 22(22)2021 Nov 22.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34830493

RESUMEN

Anthracnose is caused by Colletotrichum species and is one of the most virulent fungal diseases affecting chili pepper (Capsicum) yield globally. However, the noble genes conferring resistance to Colletotrichum species remain largely elusive. In this study, we identified CbAR9 as the causal locus underlying the large effect quantitative trait locus CcR9 from the anthracnose-resistant chili pepper variety PBC80. CbAR9 encodes a nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat (NLR) protein related to defense-associated NLRs in several other plant species. CbAR9 transcript levels were induced dramatically after Colletotrichum capsici infection. To explore the biological function, we generated transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana lines overexpressing CbAR9, which showed enhanced resistance to C. capsici relative to wild-type plants. Transcript levels of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes increased markedly in CbAR9-overexpressing N. benthamiana plants. Moreover, resistance to anthracnose and transcript levels of PR1 and PR2 were markedly reduced in CbAR9-silenced chili pepper fruits after C. capsici infection. Our results revealed that CbAR9 contributes to innate immunity against C. capsici.


Asunto(s)
Capsicum/genética , Interacciones Huésped-Patógeno/genética , Enfermedades de las Plantas/genética , Sitios de Carácter Cuantitativo/genética , Colletotrichum/genética , Resistencia a la Enfermedad/genética , Proteínas NLR/genética
2.
Int J Mol Sci ; 22(14)2021 Jul 18.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34299290

RESUMEN

Chili pepper (Capsicumannuum) is an important fruit and spice used globally, but its yield is seriously threatened by anthracnose. Capsicum baccatum is particularly valuable as it carries advantageous disease resistance genes. However, most of the genes remain to be identified. In this study, we identified the C. baccatum-specific gene CbCN, which encodes a truncated nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat protein in the anthracnose resistant chili pepper variety PBC80. The transcription of CbCN was greater in PBC80 than it was in the susceptible variety An-S after Colletotrichum acutatum inoculation. In order to investigate the biological function of CbCN, we generated transgenic tobacco lines constitutively expressing CbCN. Notably, CbCN-overexpressing transgenic plants exhibited enhanced resistance to C. acutatum compared to wild-type plants. Moreover, the expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes was remarkably increased in a CbCN-overexpressing tobacco plants. In order to confirm these results in chili pepper, we silenced the CbCN gene using the virus-induced gene silencing system. The anthracnose resistance and expressions of PR1, PR2, and NPR1 were significantly reduced in CbCN-silenced chili peppers after C. acutatum inoculations. These results indicate that CbCN enhances the innate immunity against anthracnose caused by C. acutatum by regulating defense response genes.


Asunto(s)
Capsicum/genética , Colletotrichum/patogenicidad , Proteínas NLR/genética , Capsicum/metabolismo , Colletotrichum/genética , Resistencia a la Enfermedad/genética , Susceptibilidad a Enfermedades/metabolismo , Interacciones Huésped-Patógeno/genética , Proteínas NLR/metabolismo , Enfermedades de las Plantas/genética
3.
Genes (Basel) ; 11(10)2020 09 23.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32977701

RESUMEN

Diabetes mellitus, a group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia, is one of the most serious and common diseases around the world and is associated with major complications such as diabetic neuropathy, retinopathy, and cardiovascular diseases. A widely used treatment for non-insulin-dependent diabetes is α-glucosidase inhibitors (AGIs) such as acarbose, which hinders hydrolytic cleavage of disaccharides and retard glucose absorption. The ability to inhibit α-glucosidase activity has been reported in leaf and fruit of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). In this study, we aimed to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (AGI activity) in pepper leaf and fruit using enzyme assay and genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) analysis. The AGI activity at three stages of leaf and one stage of fruit development was analyzed by 96 F2 individuals. GBS analysis identified 17,427 SNPs that were subjected to pepper genetic linkage map construction. The map, consisting of 763 SNPs, contained 12 linkage groups with a total genetic distance of 2379 cM. QTL analysis revealed seven QTLs (qAGI1.1, qAGI11.1, qAGI5.1, qAGI9.1, qAGI12.1, qAGI5.2, and qAGI12.2) controlling AGI activity in pepper leaf and fruit. The QTLs for AGI activity varied by plant age and organ. This QTL information is expected to provide a significant contribution to developing pepper varieties with high AGI activity.


Asunto(s)
Acarbosa/farmacología , Capsicum/genética , Frutas/genética , Hojas de la Planta/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Sitios de Carácter Cuantitativo , alfa-Glucosidasas/química , Capsicum/efectos de los fármacos , Capsicum/enzimología , Capsicum/crecimiento & desarrollo , Mapeo Cromosómico , Cromosomas de las Plantas/genética , Frutas/efectos de los fármacos , Frutas/enzimología , Frutas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Ligamiento Genético , Genotipo , Hojas de la Planta/efectos de los fármacos , Hojas de la Planta/enzimología , Hojas de la Planta/crecimiento & desarrollo , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , alfa-Glucosidasas/genética , alfa-Glucosidasas/metabolismo
4.
Mitochondrial DNA B Resour ; 1(1): 164-165, 2016 Mar 28.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33644333

RESUMEN

Capsicum chinense is one of the domesticated pepper species and well known for its distinctive pungency. The complete chloroplast genome sequence of C. chinense was generated by de novo assembly using next generation sequencing data. The chloroplast genome is 156 807 bp long, containing large single-copy region of 87 290 bp and small single-copy region of 17 911 bp separated by a pair of inverted repeats of 25 803 bp. A total of 113 genes were predicted including 79 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes and four rRNA genes. Phylogenomic analysis revealed that C. chinense chloroplast genome was most closely related to Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum (American bird pepper), a wild progenitor of C. annuum.

5.
Theor Appl Genet ; 117(3): 383-9, 2008 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18465115

RESUMEN

Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) in chili pepper is restored by one major dominant nuclear gene, restorer-of-fertility (Rf), together with some modifier genes and is also affected by temperature. As a result, male fertility was identified as having several phenotypes. That identified and used in the present study allowed partial restoration of fertility, producing plants that simultaneously produce normal and aborted pollen grains, with most grains stuck to the anther wall, even after dehiscence, resulting in low seed set per fruit. The trait was visible only in the presence of Paterson's sterile cytoplasm and was controlled by a recessive nuclear gene, partial restoration (pr). A CAPS marker, PR-CAPS, closely linked to the trait, has been developed by Lee et al. (2008). In this study, linkage analysis was performed in 205 F(2) individuals derived from the 'Buja' Korean commercial F(1) chili pepper variety using the PR-CAPS marker and the three Rf-linked markers (OPP13-CAPS, AFRF8-CAPS, and CRF-SCAR) previously reported. Consequently, we found that these four markers were tightly linked. This result means that the pr gene might be tightly linked to the Rf locus or the third allele of Rf locus. The sequence diversity of the pr- and Rf-linked markers was also analyzed. The internal sequences of OPP13-CAPS (1,180 bp) and PR-CAPS (640 bp) markers in 91 Korean inbred lines were clearly divided into three haplotypes. According to the sequencing results, a new PR-CAPS (MseI or SphI digestion) marker was designed to distinguish the three haplotypes. This marker will be useful for marker-assisted selection to develop new maintainers and restorers in commercial hybrid pepper breeding using CMS.


Asunto(s)
Capsicum/genética , Citoplasma/genética , Genes de Plantas , Ligamiento Genético , Infertilidad Vegetal/genética , Secuencia de Bases , Mapeo Cromosómico , Marcadores Genéticos , Haplotipos , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Polimorfismo Genético , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN
6.
Mol Cells ; 18(3): 295-9, 2004 Dec 31.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15650324

RESUMEN

A simpler and better method for purity testing of hybrid pepper seed was developed. The simplest method for extracting genomic DNA, the NaOH method, was chosen. Two RAPD markers identifying male and female parents were also developed, and the PCR products of male- and female-specific RAPD markers were cloned and sequenced. From these sequences, new longer primers were constructed for conversion into SCAR markers. In blind tests the RAPD and SCAR markers were able to reliably detect contaminating exotic seeds. These PCR-based markers are therefore directly applicable for purity testing by seed companies. In addition, the PCR products of the SCAR markers could be identified by direct staining methods such as ethidium bromide and pellet painting without electrophoresis.


Asunto(s)
Capsicum/metabolismo , ADN de Plantas/análisis , Marcadores Genéticos , Técnicas Genéticas , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/métodos , Técnica del ADN Polimorfo Amplificado Aleatorio/métodos , Clonación Molecular , Cartilla de ADN/genética , Etidio/farmacología , Genes de Plantas , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN
7.
Phytopathology ; 94(12): 1295-304, 2004 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18943699

RESUMEN

ABSTRACT Postharvest (detached) and in planta (attached) fruits of pepper plants, Capsicum annuum cv. Jejujaerae (susceptible) and Capsicum baccatum cv. PBC80 (resistant), inoculated with the anthracnose pathogen Colletotrichum gloeosporioides were examined using light, confocal laser scanning, and electron microscopy to compare the cytological differences between the compatible and incompatible interactions. In nonwound inoculation of postharvest pepper fruit, resistant pepper tissues showed a significant increase in the thickness of the cuticle layer compared with that of the susceptible and noninoculated fruit. Cytological features of programmed cell death (PCD) were observed in the resistant pepper fruit with postharvest inoculation, and these were characterized by positive responses to terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling. The oligonucleosomal fragments of DNA were confirmed electrophoretically as DNA laddering. The PCD-positive responses occurred around the inoculation sites early in in planta wound inoculation in the resistant pepper. Nuclear modifications and structural changes of hypersensitivity were also observed in the resistant fruit, including separation of the plasma membrane from the cell wall, dilation of the endoplasmic reticulum, accumulation of electron-dense inclusions in vacuoles, and cytoplasmic vacuolization accompanying fragmentation of the cytoplasm. These structural changes may also implicate PCD-like host responses. In addition, in planta wound inoculation resulted in cell enlargement and cell division during the later stages of infection to form a periderm-like boundary layer around the inoculation site.

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