RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Airway management in children with severe burns is difficult because of airway edema and prolonged duration of ventilatory management. There is insufficient evidence to suggest that tracheostomy is beneficial for children. CASE PRESENTATION: A male child aged 1 year and 4 months was injured when he accidentally fell into a bathtub filled with boiling water. Furthermore, 85% of the burnt area, including the face and neck, consisted of second-degree burns; hence, oral tracheal intubation and resuscitative infusion were required. In this case, the patient was safely switched from oral to nasotracheal intubation using a tracheal tube guide and video laryngoscope, without the use of a bronchoscope, and ventilatory management could be continued for 2 weeks. CONCLUSION: Oral to nasal endotracheal tube exchange using a tracheal tube guide and video laryngoscope may be useful not only for pediatric burn patients but also for adult patients who need to be safely switched from oral to nasotracheal intubation.
RESUMEN
The Japanese Dermatological Association prepared the clinical guidelines for the "Wound, pressure ulcer and burn guidelines", second edition, focusing on treatments. Among them, "Guidelines for wounds in general" is intended to provide the knowledge necessary to heal wounds, without focusing on particular disorders. It informs the basic principles of wound treatment, before explanations are provided in individual chapters of the guidelines. We updated all sections by collecting references published since the publication of the first edition. In particular, we included new wound dressings and topical medications. Additionally, we added "Question 6: How should wound-related pain be considered, and what should be done to control it?" as a new section addressing wound pain, which was not included in the first edition.
Asunto(s)
Úlcera por Presión , Vendajes , Humanos , Úlcera por Presión/terapia , Cicatrización de HeridasRESUMEN
"Wound, pressure ulcer and burn guidelines - 6: Guidelines for the management of burns, second edition" is revised from the first edition which was published in the Japanese Journal of Dermatology in 2016. The guidelines were drafted by the Wound, Pressure Ulcer and Burn Guidelines Drafting Committee delegated by the Japanese Dermatological Association, and intend to facilitate physicians' clinical decisions in preventing, diagnosing and treating burn injury. All sections are updated by collecting documents published since the publication of the first edition. Especially, the recommendation levels of dressing materials newly covered by the Japanese national health insurance are mentioned. In addition, the clinical questions (CQ) regarding the initial treatment of electrical (CQ15) and chemical burns (CQ16), and also the use of escharotomy (CQ22), are newly created.
Asunto(s)
Úlcera por Presión , Vendajes , Humanos , Úlcera por Presión/diagnóstico , Úlcera por Presión/terapiaRESUMEN
The Japanese Dermatological Association prepared guidelines focused on the treatment of skin ulcers associated with connective tissue disease/vasculitis practical in clinical settings of dermatological care. Skin ulcers associated with connective tissue diseases or vasculitis occur on the background of a wide variety of diseases including, typically, systemic sclerosis but also systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), dermatomyositis, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), various vasculitides and antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS). Therefore, in preparing the present guidelines, we considered diagnostic/therapeutic approaches appropriate for each of these disorders to be necessary and developed algorithms and clinical questions for systemic sclerosis, SLE, dermatomyositis, RA, vasculitis and APS.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades del Tejido Conjuntivo , Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico , Úlcera por Presión , Enfermedades Cutáneas Vasculares , Úlcera Cutánea , Vasculitis , Humanos , Úlcera Cutánea/diagnóstico , Úlcera Cutánea/tratamiento farmacológico , Úlcera Cutánea/etiología , Vasculitis/diagnóstico , Vasculitis/tratamiento farmacológicoAsunto(s)
Vacuna BCG/efectos adversos , Tuberculosis Cutánea/diagnóstico , Tuberculosis/diagnóstico , Vacunación/efectos adversos , Vacuna BCG/administración & dosificación , Biopsia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Lactante , Pulmón/diagnóstico por imagen , Masculino , Mycobacterium bovis/aislamiento & purificación , Piel/patología , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Tuberculosis/prevención & control , Tuberculosis Cutánea/etiología , Tuberculosis Cutánea/patologíaRESUMEN
The Wound/Burn Guidelines Committee consists of members commissioned by the Board of Directors of the Japanese Dermatological Association (JDA). It held several meetings and evaluations in writing since October 2008, and drafted five guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment including commentaries on wounds in general and the Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment for Pressure Ulcers by taking opinions of the Scientific Committee and Board of Directors of JDA into consideration.
Asunto(s)
Quemaduras/diagnóstico , Quemaduras/terapia , Úlcera por Presión/diagnóstico , Úlcera por Presión/terapia , Cicatrización de Heridas , Administración Cutánea , Vendajes , Desbridamiento , Dermatología/normas , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Práctica Clínica Basada en la Evidencia/normas , Humanos , Japón , Pomadas , Manejo del Dolor/métodos , Posicionamiento del Paciente , Úlcera por Presión/prevención & control , Úlcera por Presión/cirugía , Cuidados de la Piel/métodosRESUMEN
The Japanese Dermatological Association prepared guidelines focused on the treatment of skin ulcers associated with connective tissue disease/vasculitis practical in clinical settings of dermatological care. Skin ulcers associated with connective tissue diseases or vasculitis occur on the background of a wide variety of diseases including, typically, systemic sclerosis but also systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), dermatomyositis, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), various vasculitides and antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS). Therefore, in preparing the present guidelines, we considered diagnostic/therapeutic approaches appropriate for each of these disorders to be necessary and developed algorithms and clinical questions for systemic sclerosis, SLE, dermatomyositis, RA, vasculitis and APS.
Asunto(s)
Calcinosis/complicaciones , Enfermedades del Tejido Conjuntivo/complicaciones , Úlcera Cutánea/tratamiento farmacológico , Vasculitis/complicaciones , Antitrombinas/uso terapéutico , Calcinosis/diagnóstico , Calcinosis/terapia , Bloqueadores de los Canales de Calcio/uso terapéutico , Dapsona/uso terapéutico , Antagonistas de los Receptores de Endotelina/uso terapéutico , Glucocorticoides/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Inmunosupresores/uso terapéutico , Leucaféresis , Inhibidores de Fosfodiesterasa 5/uso terapéutico , Inhibidores de Agregación Plaquetaria/uso terapéutico , Prostaglandinas/uso terapéutico , Úlcera Cutánea/etiología , Úlcera Cutánea/cirugía , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/antagonistas & inhibidoresRESUMEN
The Japanese Dermatological Association determined to prepare the Wound/Burn Guidelines focusing on treatments, catering to needs for the clinical practice of dermatology. Among these guidelines, "Wounds in General" was intended to explain knowledge necessary "to heal wounds" without specifying particular disorders.
Asunto(s)
Antiinfecciosos Locales/uso terapéutico , Quemaduras/terapia , Desinfección/métodos , Irrigación Terapéutica/métodos , Cicatrización de Heridas , Heridas y Lesiones/terapia , Administración Cutánea , Antiinfecciosos Locales/administración & dosificación , Enfermedad Crónica , Humanos , Japón , Sociedades Médicas , Irrigación Terapéutica/normas , Heridas y Lesiones/clasificación , Heridas y Lesiones/diagnósticoRESUMEN
We aimed to prepare guidelines for the management of diabetic ulcer/gangrene with emphasis on the diagnosis and treatment of skin symptoms. They serve as a tool to improve the quality of the diagnosis and treatment in each patient and, further, to improve the level of the care for diabetic ulcer in Japan by systematically presenting evidence-based recommendations for clinical judgments by incorporating various viewpoints.
Asunto(s)
Pie Diabético/terapia , Gangrena/terapia , Aldehído Reductasa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Antibacterianos/administración & dosificación , Eliminación de Componentes Sanguíneos , Desbridamiento , Pie Diabético/complicaciones , Pie Diabético/diagnóstico , Nefropatías Diabéticas/diagnóstico , Gangrena/diagnóstico , Gangrena/etiología , Humanos , Oxigenoterapia Hiperbárica , Isquemia/diagnóstico , Isquemia/etiología , Terapia de Presión Negativa para Heridas , Aparatos Ortopédicos , Osteomielitis/diagnóstico por imagen , Osteomielitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Osteomielitis/etiología , Diálisis Renal/efectos adversos , Cicatrización de HeridasRESUMEN
Varicose veins are treated at multiple clinical departments, but as patients often visit the dermatology clinic first due to leg ulcers, the present Guidelines for the Management of Lower Leg Ulcers/Varicose Veins were prepared in consideration of the importance of the dermatologist's role. Also, the disease concept of chronic venous insufficiency or chronic venous disorders and the CEAP classification of these disorders are presented. The objective of the present guidelines is to properly guide the diagnosis and treatment of lower leg ulcers/varicose veins by systematically presenting evidence-based recommendations that support clinical decisions.
Asunto(s)
Úlcera de la Pierna/terapia , Úlcera Varicosa/terapia , Várices/terapia , Algoritmos , Dermatología , Humanos , Japón , Úlcera de la Pierna/clasificación , Úlcera de la Pierna/diagnóstico , Escleroterapia , Sociedades Médicas , Medias de Compresión , Úlcera Varicosa/clasificación , Úlcera Varicosa/diagnóstico , Várices/clasificación , Várices/diagnóstico , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos VascularesRESUMEN
Burns are a common type of skin injury encountered at all levels of medical facilities from private clinics to core hospitals. Minor burns heal by topical treatment alone, but moderate to severe burns require systemic management, and skin grafting is often necessary also for topical treatment. Inappropriate initial treatment or delay of initial treatment may exert adverse effects on the subsequent treatment and course. Therefore, accurate evaluation of the severity and initiation of appropriate treatment are necessary. The Guidelines for the Management of Burn Injuries were issued in March 2009 from the Japanese Society for Burn Injuries as guidelines concerning burns, but they were focused on the treatment for extensive and severe burns in the acute period. Therefore, we prepared guidelines intended to support the appropriate diagnosis and initial treatment for patients with burns that are commonly encountered including minor as well as moderate and severe cases. Because of this intention of the present guidelines, there is no recommendation of individual surgical procedures.
Asunto(s)
Quemaduras/diagnóstico , Quemaduras/terapia , Fluidoterapia/métodos , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Cicatrización de Heridas , Administración Cutánea , Corticoesteroides/administración & dosificación , Corticoesteroides/uso terapéutico , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Antiinfecciosos Locales/uso terapéutico , Vendajes , Broncoscopía , Quemaduras/clasificación , Quemaduras por Inhalación/diagnóstico , Quemaduras por Inhalación/terapia , Humanos , Hidroterapia , Pulmón/diagnóstico por imagen , Pomadas/administración & dosificación , Pomadas/uso terapéutico , Pronóstico , Radiografía , Sulfadiazina de Plata/uso terapéutico , Tétanos/prevención & control , Toxoide Tetánico/uso terapéutico , Infección de Heridas/prevención & controlAsunto(s)
Autoanticuerpos/metabolismo , Autoantígenos/inmunología , Proteínas Portadoras/inmunología , Proteínas del Citoesqueleto/inmunología , Proteínas del Tejido Nervioso/inmunología , Colágenos no Fibrilares/inmunología , Penfigoide Ampolloso/inmunología , Penfigoide Ampolloso/patología , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Distonina , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina G/metabolismo , Colágeno Tipo XVIIRESUMEN
A 28-year-old man undergoing treatment for hemophagocytic syndrome developed Paecilomyces lilacinus infection in skin ulcers on the face and in the tracheotomy stoma. While his bone marrow was suppressed by chemotherapy with dexamethasone, cyclosporin and etoposide for hemophagocytic syndrome, dental infection led to subacute necrotizing fasciitis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa on the right side of the face, resulting in a large area of soft tissue defects. Etoposide was discontinued, and prophylactic treatment with itraconazole was initiated. The ulcers resulting from necrotizing fasciitis were treated conservatively using trafermin and alprostadil alfadex ointment 0.003 %, and near-complete re-epithelialization occurred, except on the right lower eyelid, right buccal mucosa and perioral area. However, 6 weeks later, pustules/crusts started to form and break down repeatedly, leading to expansion of tissue defects on the face. Direct microscopic examination revealed fungal elements, and fungal culture identified Paecilomyces lilacinus suspicious twice some other day. Based on DNA extraction from the isolated fungus, this fungal strain was identified as Paecilomyces lilacinus. Cyclosporin and itraconazole were discontinued, and treatment with liposomal amphotericin B and a tapering dose of steroids was initiated. Cure was achieved in approximately 2.5 months after treatment initiation, and no relapse has been observed. The most important factor that ultimately contributed to the resolution of fungal infection might have been release of immunosuppression by discontinuing cyclosporin and tapering steroids.
Asunto(s)
Cara , Fascitis Necrotizante/microbiología , Micosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Micosis/etiología , Paecilomyces , Úlcera Cutánea/tratamiento farmacológico , Úlcera Cutánea/microbiología , Estomas Quirúrgicos , Traqueotomía , Adulto , Anfotericina B/administración & dosificación , Antifúngicos/administración & dosificación , Ciclosporina/efectos adversos , Dexametasona/efectos adversos , Fascitis Necrotizante/etiología , Humanos , Tolerancia Inmunológica/efectos de los fármacos , Linfohistiocitosis Hemofagocítica/complicaciones , Linfohistiocitosis Hemofagocítica/tratamiento farmacológico , Masculino , Infecciones por Pseudomonas , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Úlcera Cutánea/etiología , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Lupus erythematosus profundus is a rare inflammatory disorder of subcutaneous fat in patients with lupus ery-thematosus. Previous reports suggested that plasmacytoid dendritic cells, which expressed CD123 and CD303 antigens, play a central proinflammatory role in the patho-genesis of lupus erythematosus. To find the factors that determine the response to treatment, we analysed 23 skin specimens from the patients with lupus erythematosus profundus. The patients with considerable lymphocytic inflammation with high percentages of CD123+ cells in dermis and subcutaneous fat significantly responded to the systemic corticosteroid therapies. On the other hand, the patients with minor lymphocytic inflammation with low percentages of CD123+ cells showed poor response to treatments. The mean percentage of CD123+ cells in patients who showed good response to therapy was significantly higher than those that showed poor response (p = 0.027). These results suggest that the clinical response to treatment of lupus erythematosus profundus could be predicted from the histological features.
Asunto(s)
Glucocorticoides/uso terapéutico , Subunidad alfa del Receptor de Interleucina-3/metabolismo , Linfocitos/patología , Paniculitis de Lupus Eritematoso/tratamiento farmacológico , Paniculitis de Lupus Eritematoso/patología , Adolescente , Adulto , Niño , Dermis/metabolismo , Dermis/patología , Femenino , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente Directa , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Paniculitis de Lupus Eritematoso/metabolismo , Grasa Subcutánea/metabolismo , Grasa Subcutánea/patología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
The interaction and/or balance between matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)-2 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-2 in vivo may play important roles in the process of tumor growth, invasion and metastasis of malignant melanoma. In this study, we investigated the serum levels and immunohistochemical expression of MMP-2, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 in patients with melanoma and analyzed the correlation with clinicopathological parameters. The level of serum MMP-2 in patients was significantly higher than that of the control. Moreover, the level of MMP-2 was significantly higher than that of the control in patients who were: (i) female; (ii) pT1 and pT4; (iii) with and without lymph node (LN) metastasis; (iv) in stage I and stage IV; (v) with and without recurrence; and (v) alive and dead. The level of serum TIMP-1 in patients with melanoma was significantly higher than that of the control. Among melanoma patients, the level of TIMP-1 with pT4 was significantly higher for patients who were: (i) pT1 and pT3; (ii) with LN metastasis (vs those without); (iii) in stage IV (vs those in stages I, II and III); and (iv) dead (vs those alive). The level of serum TIMP-2 in patients with melanoma was not different from the control. However, the level of TIMP-2 in patients with pT4 was significantly higher than for patients who were: (i) pT1, pT3 and control; (ii) with LN metastasis (vs those without metastasis and control); (iii) with stage IV (vs those in stages I and II and control); (iv) in recurrence (vs control); and (v) dead (vs those alive and control). These results suggest that increased serum levels of TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 reflected the extent of metastatic melanoma lesions, and that serum levels of TIMP-1 may be a new useful marker for melanoma progression.