Relationship between job demands, work engagement, emotional workload and job performance among nurses: A moderated mediation model.

AIM: To explore the mediating effect of work engagement and the moderated mediating effect of emotional workload on the relationship between job demands and job performance among nurses. BACKGROUND: Nurses work in a high-demand situation that could affect their job performance. However, previous studies have reported an inconsistent relationship between job demands and job performance. The underlying mechanism of how job demands influence job performance remains unclear. METHODS: An online cross-sectional survey was conducted with a convenience sample of 893 nurses from 14 cities in Sichuan Province between November and December 2021. Data were collected using the Job Demands Scale, Job Performance Scale, Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, and emotional workload subscale of the Questionnaire on the Experience and Evaluation of Work. Bootstrap and simple slope methods were used to test a moderated mediation model using Hayes' PROCESS macro. The STROBE reporting guidelines were utilized. RESULTS: Job demands had a positive effect on job performance, and this effect was mediated by work engagement. Emotional workload moderated the indirect relationship between job demands and job performance. Specifically, the positive effect of job demands on job performance via work engagement was attenuated in nurses with a high emotional workload. CONCLUSION: This study sheds light on the complex relationship between job demands and job performance. Work engagement and emotional workload deserve more attention to improve nurses' performance. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING AND NURSING POLICY: Policymakers and nurse managers should make efforts to develop and implement strategies to foster nurses' work engagement, reduce their emotional workload, and further help nurses efficiently deal with job demands.

The relationship between work practice environment and work engagement among nurses: The multiple mediation of basic psychological needs and organizational commitment a cross-sectional survey.

Background: Previous researchers have demonstrated that the work practice environment influences nurses' engagement; however, few studies have explored the mechanisms that explain the links between them. Objectives: To examine whether basic psychological needs and organizational commitment mediate the relationship between the work practice environment and work engagement. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with a sample of 893 nurses from 14 cities in Sichuan Province of China between November 2021 and December 2021. Data were collected online using the Chinese version of the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index, Basic Needs Satisfaction in General Scale, Organizational Commitment Scale, and Utrecht Work Engagement Scale. The Pearson correlation analysis and multiple mediation model were used to analyze the data. Results: The Pearson correlation analysis showed that work practice environment, basic psychological needs, and organizational commitment were positively associated with work engagement. The positive relationship between work practice environment and work engagement was mediated by basic psychological needs and organizational commitment [B = 0.505, SE = 0.032, 95% CI (0.442, 0.566)]. Conclusions: The study substantially contributes to the existing knowledge by revealing the mechanisms of fostering work engagement among nurses and explaining why the work practice environment influences work engagement.

The mediating role of psychological needs on the relationship between perceived organizational support and work engagement.

AIM: To examine the mediating effect of basic psychological needs on the relationship between perceived organizational support and work engagement among nurses. BACKGROUND: The satisfaction of basic psychological needs is crucial for breeding and sustaining individuals' intrinsic motivation. Little is known about the underlying motivational mechanisms that explain the relationship among perceived organizational support, basic psychological needs, and work engagement in a nursing context. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional online survey. A sample of 858 nurses from 12 hospitals was surveyed on their perceived organizational support, basic psychological needs, and work engagement. Structural equation models and bootstrapping methods were used to examine the hypotheses. STROBE reporting guidelines were utilized. RESULTS: Perceived organizational support was positively associated with basic psychological needs and work engagement. Basic psychological needs were positively associated with work engagement. Basic psychological needs mediated the relationship between perceived organizational and work engagement. CONCLUSION: Perceived organizational support may enhance work engagement by fulfilling the basic psychological needs of nurses. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING AND NURSING POLICY: Basic psychological needs deserve more attention in nursing organizations. Managers should seek optimal strategies to fulfill nurses' needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness to stimulate their intrinsic motivation to enhance work engagement.

Nurses' perceptions of career growth: A qualitative descriptive study.

AIMS: To explore nurses' experiences and perceptions of career growth and its influencing factors, as career growth is more closely associated with individual attitudes and behaviours in the new career era. DESIGN: A qualitative descriptive design was used. METHODS: Thirty-one nurses from 10 secondary and 8 tertiary hospitals in Sichuan Province of China were purposively selected to participate in this study. The data were collected using individual semi-structured face-to-face interviews. Two researchers independently reviewed the transcripts and emergent coding. The data were analysed using qualitative content analysis. FINDINGS: The nurses' perceptions of career growth fully described the nurses' experience and occurred in five dimensions: career promotion, career goal progress, professional ability and quality improvement, professional identity development and increase in personal prestige. The factors influencing career growth were identified at the organizational, individual and social levels. Career growth in nursing was complex, changed over time and showed several specific characteristics compared with other careers. The nurse-specific symbol of career growth was professional identity development, which reflected career progression characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: Career growth is a multi-dimensional concept with varying influencing factors. The meaning of career growth for nurses is distinct from that for employees in other careers. IMPACT: Nursing managers should guide nurses to comprehensively assess their career growth from multiple perspectives, and professional identity development deserves more attention. Both organizations and individuals should take responsibility for career management to pursue career growth.

Caregiving burden and depression in paid caregivers of hospitalized patients: a pilot study in China.

BACKGROUND: Caregiving burden and depression in family caregivers have been investigated, but little is known about how they affect paid caregivers. The aim of this study was to investigate caregiving burden and depression in paid caregivers of hospitalized patients. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey study was conducted in a tertiary referral hospital (Chengdu, China) that enrolled 108 paid caregivers who worked in the inpatient department. The Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI) and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale were incorporated into a self-developed questionnaire to gather demographic information on the following four aspects: general, work, income, and family. RESULTS: The mean total CBI score was 29.7 ± 12.5. The time-dependence burden had the highest score of 15.3 ± 4.0, which was followed by the physical burden score of 6.5 ± 4.6, developmental burden score of 3.7 ± 4.0, social burden score of 3.2 ± 4.0, and emotional burden score of 2.4 ± 3.1. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that a higher CBI was associated with a longer time as a paid caregiver [ß=7.041, 95% Confidence Interval (CI):1.935 to 12.974, p = 0.009], lower income satisfaction (ß= - 6.573, 95% CI: -11.248 to -3.020, p = 0.001), and higher frequency of meeting with their relatives (ß=7.125, 95% CI: 2.019 to 12.456, p = 0.006). The mean CES-D score was 11.9 ± 8.7, and significant depression was found in 28 (25.9%) paid caregivers according to the CES-D score ≥ 16 cut-off. There was a moderate positive correlation between the CBI and CES-D scores (Pearson's r = 0.452, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: A high caregiving burden was commonly observed in paid caregivers of hospitalized patients in China, as was a high prevalence of depression symptoms. Several associated factors were identified that could be areas for future interventions.

Perceptions and Acceptability of Receiving SMS Self-care Messages in Chinese Patients With Heart Failure: An Inpatient Survey.

BACKGROUND: Self-care is critical for postdischarge heart failure (HF) patients. Short message service (SMS) is a promising way to promote HF self-care. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to investigate knowledge status in Chinese HF patients, as well as the acceptance of SMS as a way to improve self-care. METHODS: A survey using a self-developed questionnaire was conducted in patients with decompensated HF 2 days before discharge. RESULTS: A total of 540 patients completed the survey. Among them, only 69.8% and 63.3% of patients were aware of their HF status and medication regimen, respectively. A total of 95.6% patients were willing to receive SMS. Patient himself/herself, caregiver, or both patient and caregiver were almost equally selected as the preferred receiver of SMS. Educational and/or reminder SMS was considered "very helpful" by 50.2% of the patients as a way of promoting self-care, similar to that of telephone education and brochure education. "Take your medicine", "avoid getting flu," and "keep follow-up" were regarded as the most important self-care contents, whereas "weigh yourself every day" and "restrict fluid intake" were considered the least important. CONCLUSION: As a way of promoting HF self-care, SMS intervention combining educational and reminder function might be well accepted by HF patients in China. The status of HF, medication, weight control, and fluid restriction should be emphasized during the practice. Caution should be drawn as the survey was not tested elsewhere. Further clinical trials would be conducted to examine the effect of SMS intervention on self-care behaviors and outcomes of HF patients.

Effect of Mini-Tyrosyl-tRNA Synthetase/Mini-Tryptophanyl-tRNA Synthetase on Angiogenesis in Rhesus Monkeys after Acute Myocardial Infarction.

AIMS: The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of mini-tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase/mini-tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (mini-TyrRS/mini-TrpRS) in ischemic angiogenesis in rhesus monkeys with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). METHODS: A 27-gauge needle was incorporated percutaneously into the left ventricular myocardium of rhesus monkeys with AMI. All monkeys were randomized to receive adenoviral vector mini-TyrRS/mini-TrpRS, which was administered as five injections into the infarcted myocardium, or saline or ad-null (control groups). The injections were guided by EnSite NavX left ventricular electroanatomical mapping. Mini-TyrRS/mini-TrpRS proteins were detected by Western blot and immunoprecipitation analyses. Microvessel density (MVD) per section was measured using immunostaining with a CD34 monoclonal antibody. Proliferating cardiomyocytes were identified through histological and immunohistochemical analyses. Myocardial perfusion and cardiac function were estimated by G-SPECT. Infarction size was also measured. RESULTS: Western blot analyses showed that compared to the normal zone, the expression level of mini-TyrRS/mini-TrpRS was significantly different in the infarction zone. G-SPECT analysis indicated that the mini-TyrRS group had better cardiac function and myocardial perfusion after the injection of ad-mini-TyrRS than before, while mini-TrpRS injection had a totally opposite effect. After mini-TyrRS was administered, there was less of an infarction zone and more proliferating cardiomyocytes and capillaries in the mini-TyrRS group compared to both of the control groups, and the ad-mini-TrpRS group had a totally opposite effect. CONCLUSION: These results indicated that angiogenesis could be either stimulated by mini-TyrRS or inhibited by mini-TrpRS.

Learning needs of Chinese patients before undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention.

Abstract This study aimed to determine the learning needs of Chinese patients going for elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), in order to design nurse-led education programs. A self-administered survey was completed by a total of 395 patients prior to the procedure. Face-to-face communication was chosen by 343 (86.8%) patients as the most preferred way of education. Doctor-in-charge was ranked as the most wanted educator by 372 (94.2%) patients, including 191 (45.4%) patients who chose both doctor-in-charge and nurse-in-charge. Interventional cardiologist was preferred by patients with higher education more than those with lower education (63.6 vs. 48.1%, P < 0.05). Learning items such as self-rescue on heart attack, efficiency of PCI and post-procedural medication were regarded as the most important, which could be affected by age, gender and educational level. These findings would help to develop patient preferred programs that involve brief communications with doctors and more structured education activities led by nurses.

Higher blood pressure control rate in a real life management program provided by the community health service center in China.

BACKGROUND: Community health service center (CHSC) in China is always regarded as a good facility of primary care, which plays an important role in chronic non-communicable disease management. This study aimed to investigate the blood pressure (BP) control rate in a real life CHSC-based management program and its determinants. METHODS: The study enrolled 3191 patients (mean age of 70 ± 10 years, 43% males) in a hypertension management program provided by the Yulin CHSC (Chengdu, China), which had been running for 9 years. Uncontrolled BP was defined as the systolic BP of ≥140 mmHg and/or the diastolic BP of ≥90 mmHg, and its associated factors were analyzed by using logistic regression. RESULTS: The duration of stay in the program was 33 ± 25 months. When compared with the BP at entry, the recent BP was significantly lowered (147 ± 17 vs. 133 ± 8 mmHg; 83 ± 11 vs. 75 ± 6 mmHg) and the BP control rate was dramatically increased (32 vs. 85%) (all p < 0.001). The age of >70 years [1.40 (odds ratio), 1.15-1.71 (95% confidence interval)], female gender (0.76, 0.63-0.93), longer stay of >33 months (0.77, 0.63-0.94), doctor in charge (0.97, 0.95-0.99), and the use of calcium channel blocker (1.35, 1.09-1.67) were significantly related to uncontrolled BP at the recent follow up (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This CHSC-run hypertension program provides an ideal platform of multi-intervention management, which is effective in achieving higher BP control rate in community patient population. However, the BP control status could be affected by age, gender and adherence of the patients, as well as practice behavior of the doctors.

Learning Need of Chinese Patients before Undergoing Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

Abstract This study aimed to determine the learning needs of Chinese patients going for elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in order to design nurse led education programs. A self-administered survey was completed by a total of 395 patients prior to the procedure. Face-to-face communication was chosen by 343 (86.8%) patients as the most preferred way of education. Doctor-in-charge was ranked as the most wanted educator by 372 (94.2%) patients, including 191 (45.4%) patients who chose both doctor-in-charge and nurse-in-charge. Interventional cardiologist was preferred by patients with higher education more than those with lower education (63.6% vs. 48.1%, p<0.05). Learning items such as self-rescue on heart attack, efficiency of PCI and post-procedural medication were regarded as the most important, which could be affected by age, gender and educational level. These findings would help to develop patient preferred programs that involve brief communications with doctors and more structured education activities led by nurses.

[Detection of visfatin level of plasma in patients with coronary artery diseases].

OBJECTIVE: To study the plasma visfatin level in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and evaluate the correlation between plasma visfatin level and coronary lesion severity. METHODS: The level of plasma visfatin of 48 patients with CAD (proved by angiography) and 41 normal controls were detected and compared. Plasma visfatin was determined by an enzyme immunoassay. The lesion severity of coronary arteries was assessed by Gensini coronary scoring system, and the correlation between plasma visfatin level and coronary lesion severity was evaluated. RESULTS: Plasma visfatin level in the CAD group was significantly higher than that in the control group [(28.58 +/- 14.53) ng/mL vs. [16.01 +/- 6.09) ng/mL, P < 0.01]. A significant positive correlation was found between coronary lesion severity score and Plasma visfatin level (r = 0.906, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Plasma visfatin level may be related to the pathogenesis of CAD. Detection of plasma visfatin might be helpful for early diagnosis of CAD, and patients with higher Plasma visfatin level may have more severe coronary lesion.

To tell or not to tell: attitudes of Chinese oncology nurses towards truth telling of cancer diagnosis.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To investigate the attitude of oncology nurses towards whether and how to disclose diagnoses to patients with early-stage cancer or terminal illness. BACKGROUND: The attitudes of patients and doctors towards the disclosure of cancer diagnosis differed from culture to culture. However, little research has focused on the attitudes of Chinese oncology nurses. DESIGN: Survey. METHODS: A questionnaire investigating nurses' attitudes towards truth telling was delivered to 243 Chinese oncology nurses. RESULTS: One hundred and ninety-nine (819%) nurses completed the questionnaire. 814% of the nurses reported that patients with early-stage cancer should be informed of the diagnosis, while only 442% believed that patients with terminal illnesses should know the truth (p < 0001). Nurses who preferred truth telling reported that patients with early or terminal stages of cancer should be informed by the doctor in charge (765% vs. 739%, respectively; p > 005), immediately after the diagnosis (759% vs. 795%, respectively) and in a quiet and undisturbed room (809% vs. 705%, respectively; p > 005). Nurses' attitudes towards truth telling of terminal cancer were influenced by their educational level and work experience. CONCLUSION: Oncology nurses differed in their attitudes towards truth telling of different stages of cancer. Nurses who preferred disclosure reported that cancer patients should be informed by the doctor in charge immediately after the diagnosis and in a quiet and undisturbed room. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Many Chinese doctors, patients and their relatives believed that patients with terminal illness should not know their diagnosis. Thus, oncology nurses need additional training to deal with these situations.

[Detection of plasma level of placental growth factor from patients with coronary artery disease].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the plasma placental growth factor (P1GF) level of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), and the correlation between plasma P1GF level and coronary lesion severity. METHODS: The study population consisted of 48 patients with CAD (proved by angiography, CAD group) and 28 normal controls (control group). Plasma P1GF was determined by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The lesion severity of coronary artery was assessed by Gensini coronary scoring system, the correlation between plasma P1GF level and coronary lesion severity was evaluated. RESULTS: The plasma PIGF level in CAD group was significantly higher than that in the control group C(9. 16+/-4. 09) ng/L vs (3. 64+/-1. 90) ng/L, P< 0. 01). A significant positive correlation was found between coronary lesion severity score and plasma P1GF level (r=0. 78, P<0. 01). CONCLUSION: The detection of plasma PIGF may be helpful to the early diagnosis of CAD and the evaluation of coronary lesion severity.