Effectiveness of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) on Self-Control and Impulsivity in Male Prisoners.

Objective: Consequences of imprisonment include negative psychological effects, social stigma, and challenges for reintegrating into society. In this regard, this study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) on self-control and impulsivity among male prisoners. Method : A randomized controlled clinical trial (RCT) utilizing a design the included pretest, post-test, and follow-up assessment as well as a waiting-list control group was conducted. A total of 30 male prisoners were selected using convenience sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and waiting list control groups (the intervention group (n = 15) and the control group (n = 15)). The participants in the experimental group underwent the 12-session REBT intervention over a period of six weeks. (For six weeks). All participants responded to the Self- Control Scale (SCS) and Dysfunctional Impulsivity Questionnaire (DFIQ) as dependent variables at three time points (pretest, post-test, and one-month follow-up). A repeated measures analysis of variance was used to analyze the data. Results: The results revealed that after the implementation of the REBT intervention, the mean scores of self-control increased (P < 0.05), while the mean scores of impulsivity diminished significantly (P < 0.05). Furthermore, these changes remained relatively stable during the follow-up period (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, it can be inferred that REBT intervention plays a significant role in diminishing self-control deficits and mitigating impulsivity among incarcerated individuals. These results present promising implications for the utilization of REBT in lowering recidivism rates.

Introducing a new auto edge detection technique capable of revealing cervical root resorption in CBCT scans with pronounced metallic artifacts.

Cervical resorption is a serious threat to the longevity of the teeth. In this study, the Canny edge-detection algorithm was applied on CBCT images to compare the accuracy of original and Canny views for diagnosing cervical resorption in endodontically treated teeth. Intracanal metallic posts were inserted in 60 extracted teeth being randomly divided into three groups: control, 0.5 mm, and 1 mm cervical resorption. CBCT scans of the teeth were presented to three observers in both original and Canny formats with the accuracy being determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The DeLong test was used for paired comparisons with the significance level set at 0.05. The highest accuracy belonged to Canny images in 1 mm resorption, followed by Canny images in 0.5 mm resorption, original images in 1 mm resorption, and original images in 0.5 mm resorption, respectively. The Canny images were significantly more accurate in the diagnosis of 0.5 mm (p < 0.001) and 1 mm (p = 0.009) resorption. Application of the Canny edge-detection algorithm could be suggested as a new technique for facilitating the diagnosis of cervical resorption in teeth that are negatively affected by metallic artifacts.

Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a predictive biomarker for early diagnosis of depression: A narrative review.

Depression is a mood disorder that causes persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, loss of interest, and decreased energy. Early diagnosis of depression can improve its negative impacts and be effective in its treatment. Previous studies have indicated that inflammation plays an important role in the initiation and development of depression, hence, various inflammatory biomarkers have been investigated for early diagnosis of depression, the most popular of which are blood biomarkers. The Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) may be more informative in the early diagnosis of depression than other widely used markers, such as other leukocyte characteristics or interleukins. Considering the importance of early diagnosis of depression and the role of NLR in early diagnosis of depression, our paper reviews the literature on NLR as a diagnostic biomarker of depression, which may be effective in its treatment. Various studies have shown that elevated NLR is associated with depression, suggesting that NLR may be a valuable, reproducible, easily accessible, and cost-effective method for the evaluation of depression and it may be used in outpatient clinic settings. Closer follow-up can be performed for these patients who have higher NLR levels. However, it seems that further studies on larger samples, taking into account important confounding factors, and assessing them together with other inflammatory markers are necessary to draw some conclusive statements.

The potential of gamma irradiation on antioxidant capacity and genomic alterations in Calendula officinalis.

There are lines of evidence that ionizing radiations such as gamma rays can cause different biological effects on plants. Marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) is a member of the family Asteraceae. It possesses profound amounts of active ingredients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes imposed upon different dose levels of gamma radiation on some features of Calendula officinalis such as antioxidant activity, total phenolic compounds and flavonoid contents, antibacterial activity and genomic alterations. Calendula officinalis seeds were exposed to different doses of Gamma radiation (0, 10, 15, 20 and 25 GY). Total phenolics, flavonoids, antioxidant activity (measured by DPPH assay) using methanolic extracts of plants and antibacterial activity measured by the disc diffusion assay showed significant differences to the control samples. The samples treated with 10 GY gamma rays showed the highest total phenol and flavonoid contents. Antioxidant activity significantly differed between Gamma rays dose levels and it was the highest at 25 GY. Four bacterial strains including E. coli, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeroginosa were used for the antibacterial assay. Extracts from plants treated with 25 GY gamma rays showed the highest antibacterial activity against the 4 bacterial strains. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers were used to study the genetic variation. The polymorphism information content (PIC) for RAPD primers ranged from 3% to 13% and ranged from 6 to 13% for ISSR primers. Results indicated that ISSR markers were more efficient than RAPD markers, as they detected 25.57% polymorphic DNA bands compared to 21.31% polymorphism for RAPD markers.

Comparing the effectiveness of attention-seeking adjustment training and commitment-based training on family executive functions and narcissistic tendencies among married women with attention-seeking in Isfahan.

BACKGROUND: The widespread use of social media has turned the healthy population into needy attention-seekers, one of the symptoms of personality and psychiatric disorders. The present research aimed to compare the effectiveness of "attention-seeking adjustment training" and "commitment-based training" on family executive function and narcissistic tendencies among attention-seeking women in Isfahan. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The current research used a pretest, posttest quasi-experimental design with experimental and control groups. The statistical population consisted of 60 married women with the attention-seeking disorder. All the participants were selected from the counseling centers of Isfahan in 2022 HS. They were selected using the convenience method. Then, they were non-randomly assigned to two groups: the experimental and control groups. An "executive function questionnaire" and a "researcher-made narcissistic personality inventory" were devised as measurement instruments of the present study. Both groups were assessed by the research measurement instruments before and after the training. Whereas the control group remained on the waiting list, the experimental groups received the training. RESULTS: All the data were analyzed by descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and multivariate covariance analysis. As has been demonstrated, training improved the dependent variables (P ≤ 0/01). However, attention-seeking adjustment was more effective than commitment-based training. CONCLUSION: According to the results, both the attention-seeking adjustment and the commitment-based training could be applied to improve the executive functions of families, as well as the narcissistic tendencies of partners.

Oleuropein as An Effective Suppressor of Inflammation and MicroRNA-146a Expression in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis.

OBJECTIVE: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common progressive autoimmune disorder that causes chronic inflammation of the joints and damage to other organs. Previous studies have reported the important role of miRNA-146a in the pathogenesis of RA. In addition, the anti-inflammatory and modulatory effects of oleuropein (OLEU) on the expression pattern of microRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown in different diseases. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate both the sensitivity and specificity of miRNA-146a and determine the potential effects of OLEU on the expression levels of miRNA-146a and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in RA patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The participants in this experimental study were divided into 2 groups: RA (n=45) and healthy controls (n=30). The isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were treated with different concentrations of OLEU; and the level of TNF-α expression, anti-citrullinated protein, and miRNA-146a were determined using enzyme-linked immunoassay and real-time polymerase chain reaction, respectively. In addition, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of miRNA-146a in RA patients. RESULTS: Results revealed a positive correlation between the levels of miRNA-146a expression with the serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and rheumatoid factor (RF) in RA patients. In addition, OLEU treatment decreased the levels of TNF-α and miRNA-146a expression in treated PBMCs samples compared with untreated cells. The ROC curve analysis showed an 85% sensitivity and 100% specificity of miRNA-146a in RA patients. CONCLUSION: Therefore, miRNA-146a can be used as a useful biomarker for RA diagnosis, particularly for early detection. In addition, OLEU could suppress inflammation in RA patients through the regulation of miRNA-146a.

Human papillomavirus vaccination in low- and middle-income countries: progression, barriers, and future prospective.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a viral infection that, if does not go away, can cause health problems like genital warts and cancer. The national immunization schedules for individuals before sexual debut, significantly decreased HPV-associated mortality and it will be affordable. However, immunization programs remain vulnerable to macroeconomic factors such as inflation, fiscal policy, employment levels, and national income. This review aims to investigate the association between national income in lower-middle-income countries to explore recent advances and potential issues, as well as how to deal with challenges.

Oleuropein reduces LPS-induced inflammation via stimulating M2 macrophage polarization.

Oleuropein (OLEU) is the most prevalent phenolic component in olive varieties, and it has been considered for its powerful antioxidant properties in therapeutic applications. OLEU has anti-inflammatory properties and performs this property by suppressing inflammatory cells' function and reducing oxidative stress caused by various factors. This study investigated the ability of OLEU to polarize LPS-stimulated murine macrophage (MQ) cell RAW 264.7 into M1/M2 macrophages. As a first step, the cytotoxicity effects of OLEU were evaluated on LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells using the thiazolyl blue (MTT) colorimetric test. Then, cytokines production, gene expression (Real-Time PCR), and functions (Nitrite oxide assay and phagocytosis assay) of OLEU-treated LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells were evaluated. Our findings demonstrated that OLEU could reduce nitrite oxide (NO) production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells by downregulating the inducible nitric oxide synthase gene expression. Furthermore, OLEU therapy decreases the expression of M1-associated pro-inflammatory cytokines production (IL-12, IFN-γ, and TNF-α) and genes expression (iNOS, TNF-α) while increasing the M2-associated anti-inflammatory gene expression and cytokines production (IL-10, and TGF-ß). Based on the result, OLEU may be considered a potential therapeutic approach for inflammatory diseases due to its possible effects on oxidative stress-related factors, cytokine expression and production, and phagocytosis.

The potential anti-cancer effects of quercetin on blood, prostate and lung cancers: An update.

Cancer is caused by abnormal proliferation of cells and aberrant recognition of the immune system. According to recent studies, natural products are most likely to be effective at preventing cancer without causing any noticeable complications. Among the bioactive flavonoids found in fruits and vegetables, quercetin is known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. This review aims to highlight the potential therapeutic effects of quercetin on some different types of cancers including blood, lung and prostate cancers.

Fc receptor-like 1 (FCRL1) is a novel biomarker for prognosis and a possible therapeutic target in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

BACKGROUND: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common subtype of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, which can involve various types of mature B-cells. Considering that the incidence of DLBCL has increased, additional research is required to identify novel and effective prognostic and therapeutic molecules. Fc receptor-like 1 (FCRL1) acts as an activation co-receptor of human B-cells. Aberrant expression of this molecule has been reported in a number of B-cell-related disorders. Moreover, the clinical significance and prognosis value of FCRL1 in DLBCL are not completely identified. METHODS: In this study, the expression levels of FCRL1 were determined in thirty patients with DLBCL and 15 healthy controls (HCs). In addition, the correlation between FCRL1 expressions with clinicopathological variables of DLBCL patients were examined. Then, the potential roles of FCRL1 in proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle distribution of B-cells from DLBCL patients were determined using flow cytometry analysis, after knockdown of this marker using retroviral short hairpin RNA interference. Quantitative real time-PCR, western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were also used to identify the possible effects of FCRL1 knockdown on the expression levels of BCL-2, BID, BAX, intracellular signaling pathway PI3K/p-Akt, and p65 nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) in the B-cells of DLBCL. RESULTS: Statistical analysis revealed higher levels of FCRL1 expression in the B-cells of DLBCL patients compared to HCs at both protein and mRNA levels. A positive correlation was observed between the FCRL1 expression and some clinicopathological parameters of DLBCL patients. In addition, FCRL1 knockdown significantly decreased cell proliferation and stimulated apoptosis as well as G1 cell cycle arrest in the B-cells of DLBCL patients. The levels of p65 NF-κB and PI3K/p-Akt expressions were markedly reduced after knockdown of FCRL1 expression. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested that FCRL1 could be a potential novel biomarker for prognosis and/or a possible effective therapeutic target for treatment of patients with DLBCL.

miRNAs as the important regulators of myasthenia gravis: involvement of major cytokines and immune cells.

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a type of muscle paralysis created by immune responses against acetylcholine receptor proteins in neuromuscular synapses. This disease is characterized by muscle weakness, especially ocular weakness symptoms that could be ptosis (fall of the upper eyelid) or diplopia (double vision of a single object). Some patients also identified with speech and swallowing problems. The main goals of MG therapeutic approaches are to achieve remission, reduce symptoms, and improve life quality. Recently, other studies have revealed the potential role of various microRNAs (miRNAs) in the development of MG through different mechanisms and have proposed these molecules as effective biomarkers for the treatment of MG. This review was aimed at providing an overview of the critical regulatory roles of various miRNAs in the pathogenesis of this autoimmune disease focusing on human MG studies and the interaction between different miRNAs with important cytokines and immune cells during the development of this autoimmune disease.

The effectiveness of imago therapy on marital satisfaction and emotional experience towards the spouse among the men with marital conflicts.

BACKGROUND: Marital satisfaction and positive emotional experience towards one's spouse has always been effective in preserving and surviving the family, therefore one of the concerns of family specialists is to improve these two structures in the family. This research was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of imago therapy on marital satisfaction and emotional experience towards spouse among married men with conflict in Isfahan city. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The research was semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with experimental and control groups. The statistical population was all married and conflicted men of Isfahan city in the year 1400, from whom a sample of 40 people was selected as available and non-randomly placed in an experimental group and a control group. The measurement tools were Inridge marital satisfaction scale with Cronbach's alpha above 0.80 and emotional experience towards spouse with Cronbach's alpha above 0.92 for each subscale). Both research groups were evaluated by research tools before and after training. While the control group was on the waiting list, the experimental group received Imago therapy. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (multivariate covariance analysis). RESULTS: The results showed that imago therapy had a significant effect on the improvement of marital satisfaction and the dimensions of emotional experience towards the spouse (P = 0.01). CONCLUSION: According to the present results, it can be said that this method can help family counselors to use this method to improve marital satisfaction and emotional experience towards the spouse and thereby reduce marital conflicts. He used this integrated method.

Computed Tomographic Comparison of Length, Width and Angulation of Ethmoidal Infundibulum in Patients With and Without Maxillary Sinusitis.

Ethmoidal infundibulum (EI) is an important part of the osteomeatal complex, which provides the main pathway for the maxillary sinus drainage. This study aimed to compare the length, width, and angulation of EI in patients with/without maxillary sinusitis using computed tomography (CT). This cross-sectional study evaluated 818 spiral CT scans of patients with/without maxillary sinusitis (n = 409 maxillary sinuses in each group) classified according to the clinical symptoms and the Lund-Mackay score for mucosal thickening. The degree of mucosal thickening (on axial and coronal sections), anatomical variations namely concha bullosa (CB), ethmoidal bulla (EB), and Haller cells (HCs), the form of EI (on coronal sections), the length, width and angulation of EI, and degree of nasal septal deviation (on coronal sections) were all evaluated. Data were analyzed by parametric and non-parametric tests (alpha = 0.05). The frequency of EB (P < 0.001), EI form (P < 0.001) and HC (P = 0.011), and the length and width of EI (P < 0.001) were significantly different in patients with and without maxillary sinusitis. The length and width of EI were significantly correlated with the degree of mucosal thickening (P < 0.01). The frequency of CB (P = 0.002), EB (P < 0.001), and HC (P = 0.002), and the EI form (P < 0.001) were significantly different in groups with different degrees of mucosal thickening. EI was wider and shorter in patients with maxillary sinusitis. By an increase in mucosal thickness, the length of EI decreased while its width increased. Also, the frequency of EB and HC, and the EI form were significantly different in the two groups.

Periosteal reaction as a crucial radiographic finding for desmoplastic fibroma of the jaw bone in children: A case report.

This report presents the case of a 5-year-old boy with a hard swelling on the right side of the mandible body. An important point of this case is that the primary imaging finding was fine spicules in the inferior border of the mandible on panoramic radiography without significant changes in bone density. Cone-beam computed tomography views revealed a lytic lesion on the lingual side of the right mandibular body with the destruction of the lingual cortex and periosteal reaction from the midline to the first molar area. Careful attention to this radiographic finding in the primary stage in the absence of other significant imaging findings, particularly in children, could result in the early diagnosis of desmoplastic fibroma. Therefore, a better prognosis can be expected following early surgical treatment.

Profile of Tabriz Older People Health Survey (TOPS-2019): a representative community-based cross-sectional study.

Population aging and its consequences are a substantial global concern. The growth in the number of older people is one of the most important factors increasing the burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) on society. The Tabriz Older People Health Survey aimed to understand the socio-demographics, health-related behaviors, and health profile of older adults. This cross-sectional study was conducted on a representative sample of 1362 community-dwelling older adults in Tabriz, the most populated city in northwest Iran. The study used probability proportionate to size sampling and the data collection was undertaken in each participants' place of residence from July 2019 to January 2020. Trained interviewers administered the questionnaire, which measured each participant's socio-demographics, health-related behaviors, and health profile. The sample of 1362 participants consisted of 56.4% women and 54.4% were young older people (60-69 years old). Almost half of the sample were completely illiterate. There was no daily walking in 13.3% of the sample, with women reporting a more sedentary lifestyle than men. Almost 10% of the participants (n = 135, 9.9%) were current smokers, which was higher among men (20.9% vs. 1.5%) and women made up over 88% of those living alone. In terms of sleep quality score (men: 4.63 ± 2.70, women: 5.97 ± 2.93), anxiety (men: 5.79 ± 4.70, women: 7.59 ± 5.51), depression (men: 9.54 ± 3.20, women: 10.63 ± 3.09), and social support (men: 23.65 ± 4.50, women: 22.69 ± 4.77), men were significantly better than women. There were also significant sex differences between women and men in the prevalence of diabetes (31.6% vs. 19.5%) and hypertension (86.5% vs. 73.4%). Furthermore, overall hypertension was the most common underlying disease (81.0%). Older women were significantly worse off than older men, in terms of social and disability-related, as well as having a higher burden from several NCDs. The results of this study might help regional health policymakers to identify targets for improving the health status among community-housed geriatrics.

Post-COVID mucormycosis osteomyelitis and its imaging manifestations in the North of Iran: case series.

Mucormycosis is an invasive fungal infection that usually affects patients with immunocompromised conditions. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and the following corticosteroid therapy, mucormycosis prevalence has increased. The situation may be more complicated with some underlying diseases such as diabetes mellitus. In addition, due to the vicinity of maxillary bone to the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, which are the main routes for the infection to spread, dentists, maxillofacial radiologists, and surgeons may be the first to encounter these patients. Post-COVID mucormycosis osteomyelitis is one of the complications of this infection Bone destruction and the erosion or breach of cortical boundaries of the maxilla and the bone structures in the vicinity of paranasal sinuses are the most critical radiographic findings of post-covid osteomyelitis. Herein, there are some cases of post-covid mucormycosis osteomyelitis involving the maxillary and other facial bones.

The effect of saffron supplementation on glycemic parameters: An overview of systematic reviews.

Due to the widespread use of herbal medicine and evidence pointing to the health benefits of saffron supplementation, this review was performed to evaluate the effects of saffron supplementation on glycemic parameters and lipid profiles based on previous reviews. Relevant articles were retrieved from various databases, which included PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane until 2020, with no date restrictions. The quality of the included reviews was assessed using the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) checklist. Finally, of 877 obtained articles, eight reviews meeting the inclusion criteria were included for analysis. Among the eight included reviews, seven articles were meta-analyses. In addition, one review had an average quality while seven had a good quality. A narrative description of the included reviews was performed, while a network meta-analysis was not conducted. A brief review of the results was reported according to the weighted mean difference and mean difference. Seven included reviews assessed the effects of saffron or crocin supplementation on glycemic parameters, and six examined these effects on lipid profile parameters. Almost half of the articles reported significant effects of these supplements on glycemic parameters and lipid profiles. Taken together, results suggest that saffron supplementation may improve glycemic and lipid profile parameters; however, further high-quality studies are needed to confirm the clinical efficacy of saffron on glycemic parameters and lipid profiles.

Anti-diabetic potential of Urtica Dioica: current knowledge and future direction.

Aim: This review summarizes studies on the anti-diabetic effect of Urtica Dioica (UD) in Type-2-diabetes. Materials and methods: We studied worldwide traditional medicines, old texts, and published literature for anti-diabetic effect of UD. Electronic databases comprising PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Scopus and Google Scholar were searched to collect articles published between 1990 and 2021 years. Results: Our literature investigation suggests UD as a glucose lowering, blood lipid regulating, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidation plant. Conclusions: UD's anti-diabetic properties make it potential traditional therapeutics for lowering the clinical manifestations of T2DM through affecting hyperglycemia and therefore suggest it as a proper medication with no or limited side effects.

Dose-dependent effects of oleuropein administration on regulatory T-cells in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: An in vitro approach.

INTRODUCTION: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that is identified with chronic inflammation and progressive destruction of the joints. The defective activity of regulatory T cells (Tregs) plays a crucial role in RA development. Oleuropein (OLEU) is the most common polyphenolic compound in olive leaf extracts with numerous pharmacological activities. In this study, the potential effects of OLEU in shifting CD4+ T cells toward Tregs are evaluated in patients with RA. METHODS: 32 healthy controls (HC) and 45 RA patients were included in two groups. The immunoturbidometric technique was used to measure serum levels of c-reactive protein (CRP) and rheumatoid factor (RF). Isolated CD4+ T cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of HC and RA patients were cultured with appropriate concentrations of OLEU. The cytotoxicity effects of OLEU were determined using the MTT assay at 24, 48, and 72 h. The percentage of CD4+CD25 + FoxP3 regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs) and the expressions of IL-10 and TGF-ß were evaluated by flow cytometry and immunoassay techniques after treatment of cells with different concentrations of OLEU for 24 h. The serum levels of RF and CRP in patients with RA were 11.8 ± 5.32 IU/ml and 6.36 ± 5.82 mg/l, respectively. RESULTS: OLEU had a dose-dependent effect on the CD4+ T cells via increasing the frequency of CD4+CD25 + FoxP3 Tregs (p = 0.0001). Moreover, it induced the production of IL-10 (p = 0.0001) and TGF-ß (p < 0.01) in both HC and RA patients. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study suggest that OLEU may have immunomodulatory effects by inducing Tregs, and it might help in developing a novel nutrition strategy for management of autoimmune diseases such as RA.

Long-Term Persistence of Anti-SARS-COV-2 IgG Antibodies.

Antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (Anti-SARS-COV-2) can be detected in patients with COVID-19 in 7 to 10 days post onset of symptoms (POS). However, there is no firm evidence of the long-term persistence of these antibodies in recovered COVID-19 patients. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the stability of anti-SARS-COV-2 IgG in recovered COVID-19 patients in a 15-month follow-up testing. Thirty hospitalized patients with real-time PCR-confirmed SARS-COV-2 infections were included in the study and five serum samples (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th) were collected from each participant. The serum levels of N and S specific anti-SARS-COV-2 IgG and IgM antibodies were evaluated by the immunoassay technique at the same time. To determine the correlation between levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG/IgM with severity of disease, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR %), and the serum levels of C-reactive protein were evaluated using an automated analyzer and turbidimetry assays, respectively. The mean serum level of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody was at the highest level up to 90 days and then decreased significantly 1 year POS (P < 0.0001). However, it was still detectable in a 15-month follow-up testing. There were no significant differences in the mean levels of IgG antibody in patients with mild, moderate, and severe diseases. The results from this study suggest that the titer of anti-SARS-COV-2 IgG antibody is detectable at high levels up to 3 months and then decreases over time. However, these antibodies can be reliably detected in up to 15 months, and they may persist for a long time.