RESUMEN
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) have been recognized as a new strategy for maxillary sinus floor elevation. However, little is known concerning the effect of the biomechanical pressure (i.e., sinus pressure, masticatory pressure, and respiration) on the differentiation of BM-MSCs and the formation of new bone during maxillary sinus floor elevation. The differentiation of BM-MSCs into osteoblasts was examined in vitro under cyclic compressive pressure using the Flexcell® pressure system, and by immunohistochemical analysis, qRT-PCR, and Western blot. Micro-CT was used to detect bone formation and allow image reconstruction of the entire maxillary sinus floor elevation area. Differentiation of BM-MSCs into osteoblasts was significantly increased under cyclic compressive pressure. The formation of new bone was enhanced after implantation of the pressured complex of BM-MSCs and Bio-Oss during maxillary sinus floor elevation. The pressured complex of BM-MSCs and Bio-Oss promoted new bone formation and maturation in the rabbit maxillary sinus. Stem cell therapy combined with this tissue engineering technique could be effectively used in maxillary sinus elevation and bone regeneration.
Asunto(s)
Seno Maxilar/crecimiento & desarrollo , Trasplante de Células Madre Mesenquimatosas , Osteoblastos/citología , Osteogénesis , Animales , Células de la Médula Ósea/citología , Diferenciación Celular/genética , Humanos , Seno Maxilar/efectos de los fármacos , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas , Minerales/administración & dosificación , Osteoblastos/efectos de los fármacos , Conejos , Elevación del Piso del Seno Maxilar/métodosRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To compare the potential of tissue-engineered bone derived from different stem cell sources for canine maxillary sinus augmentation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Bilateral maxillary sinus floor augmentations were performed in 6 beagles and were randomly repaired with 3 graft types: Bio-Oss granules alone (n = 4; group A), a complex of osteoblasts derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) and Bio-Oss (n = 4; group B), and a complex of osteoblasts derived from periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) and Bio-Oss (n = 4; group C). After 12 weeks, fluorescent labeling, maxillofacial computed tomography, scanning electron microscopy, and histologic and histomorphometric analyses were used to evaluate new bone deposition, mineralization, and remodeling in the augmented area. RESULTS: The osteogenic capacity was greater in groups B and C than in group A. The level tended to be higher in group C than in group B; however, the difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Seeding of PDLSCs or BMMSCs onto Bio-Oss can promote bone formation and mineralization and maintain the maximum volume of the augmented maxillary sinus. These tissue-engineered bone complexes might be a good option for augmentation of the maxillary sinus in edentulous patients.
Asunto(s)
Regeneración Ósea/fisiología , Elevación del Piso del Seno Maxilar/métodos , Células Madre/fisiología , Ingeniería de Tejidos/métodos , Animales , Autoinjertos/trasplante , Remodelación Ósea/fisiología , Sustitutos de Huesos/uso terapéutico , Calcificación Fisiológica/fisiología , Técnicas de Cultivo de Célula , Células Cultivadas , Colágeno Tipo I/análisis , Medios de Cultivo , Perros , Colorantes Fluorescentes , Sialoproteína de Unión a Integrina/análisis , Masculino , Trasplante de Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/métodos , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Minerales/uso terapéutico , Modelos Animales , Osteoblastos/fisiología , Osteocalcina/análisis , Osteogénesis/fisiología , Ligamento Periodontal/citología , Distribución Aleatoria , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/métodosRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to compare the osteogenic effects of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) versus bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) in combination with Bio-Oss scaffolds on subcutaneous and critical-size defects in the immunodeficient rat calvarium. PDLSCs and BMMSCs were obtained from the same canine donor. Twenty-four rats were randomly assigned to one of four experimental groups (n = 6 each): group A (no-graft negative control), group B (Bio-Oss positive control), group C (BMMSC/Bio-Oss test group), and group D (PDLSC/Bio-Oss test group). Eight weeks post-transplantation, ectopic and in situ bone regeneration was evaluated by micro-computed tomography (µ-CT), histology, histomorphometry, and immunohistochemistry. The stem cell/Bio-Oss constructs were significantly superior to the controls in terms of their ability to promote osteogenesis (p < 0.01), while the PDLSC/Bio-Oss construct tended to be superior to the BMMSC/Bio-Oss construct. Thus, engineered stem cell/Bio-Oss complexes can successfully reconstruct critical-size defects in rats, and PDLSCs and BMMSCs are both suitable as seed cells.
