[Effects of Heavy Metal Content on Fungal Community Structure in Urban Soil].

As an important part of the soil microbial system, fungi can clearly indicate changes in the soil environment.Human activities in the city can easily affect the soil condition, so the phenomenon of artificial heavy metal enrichment often appears in urban soil. The objective of this study was to analyze the fungal community structure in different urban functional areas and to determine the effect of heavy metal content in different urban functional areas on the soil fungal community structure. This study provides theoretical basis for protecting and repairing the urban soil ecosystem and transforming and improving urban environmental quality. Soil samples from eight sampling sites in five functional areas of Beibei District in Chongqing were taken as the research objects. The diversity and community structure of fungi in soil were studied using high-throughput sequencing technology. The content of Cd and Hg in the soil of different functional areas in Beibei District exceeded the environmental background value of Chongqing. The 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm soil layers of JD were slightly polluted. The 20-40 cm soil layer and 0-20 cm soil layer of JLD and ZYY, respectively, were in the alerting state of heavy metal pollution. The Sobs index, Chao 1 index, and Ace index of most sampling points decreased with the increase in soil depth. The NMDS analysis showed that the composition of fungal communities between the 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil depths in both JD and ZYY were quite different. From the perspective of community composition, Ascomycota was the most abundant phylum in the soil, followed by unclassified _k _Fungi and Basidiomycota. At the genus level, unclassified_k_Fungi, unclassified_p_Ascomycota, unclassified_o_Sordariales, Scopuloides, Robillarda, and Dactylonectria had higher abundances. The redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that Pb and Zn had the greatest effect on the samples, and the effect on the fungal community structure was significantly different. This study has deepened the understanding of the relationship between the content of heavy metals in different urban functional areas and the structure of fungal communities and has provided a scientific basis for the rational use and planning of urban soil.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Stress Urinary Incontinence Among Perimenopausal Women and Its Influence on Daily Life in Women with Sexual Desire Problem.

The prevalence of, and related factors to, stress urinary incontinence (SUI) among perimenopausal Chinese women and its impact on daily life among those women with sexual desire problem in Hubei province were investigated. In this study, 1519 perimenopausal women aged 40 to 65 years were selected from three urban communities in the Wuhan area, and two impoverished, mountainous communities in Hubei province, and followed from April to October 2014. Detailed information about demographic characteristics, menstruation, pregnancy, sexual life and chronic diseases was collected. A cross-sectional survey was carried out following information collection by Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression analysis. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the potential factors associated with developing SUI were old age (OR=3.4, 95% CI: 1.92-6.04), vaginal delivery (OR=0.623, 95% CI: 0.45-0.87), low income (OR=0.063, 95% CI: 0.40-0.92), atrophic vaginitis (OR=1.4, 95% CI: 1.03-1.80), pelvic organ prolapse (OR=2.81, 95% CI: 1.36-5.80), chronic pelvic pain (OR=2.17, 95% CI: 1.90-4.03), constipation (OR=1.44, 95% CI: 1.07-1.93) and incontinence of feces (OR=3.32, 95% CI: 2.03-5.43). Moreover, the ratio of SUI (33.2%) was higher than the ratio of urgency urinary incontinence (24.1%) or the ratio of mixed urinary incontinence (17.4%), and SUI had a greater impact on daily life among women with decreased sexual desire. In conclusion, SUI is a common disorder affecting over one third of the women surveyed, and has a severe impact on the daily life of perimenopausal women with declined sexual desire. Age, mode of delivery, and monthly income are major risk factors involved in the development of SUI.