The Integration of Transcriptome and Metabolome Analyses Provides Insights into the Determinants of the Wood Properties in Toona ciliata.

Toona ciliata, also known as Chinese mahogany, is a high-quality and fast-growing wood species with a high economic value. The wood properties of T. ciliata of different provenances vary significantly. In this study, we conducted comprehensive transcriptome and metabolome analyses of red and non-red T. ciliata wood cores of different provenances to compare their wood properties and explore the differential metabolites and genes that govern the variation in their wood properties. Through combined analyses, three differential genes and two metabolites were identified that are possibly related to lignin synthesis. The lignin content in wood cores from T. ciliata of different provenances shows significant variation following systematic measurement and comparisons. The gene Tci09G002190, one of the three differential genes, was identified as a member of the CAD (Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase) gene family of T. ciliata, which is associated with lignin synthesis. Our data provide insights into the determinants of the wood properties in T. ciliata, providing a solid foundation for research into the subsequent mechanisms of the formation of T. ciliata wood.

Identification of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio spp. Specific Outer Membrane Proteins by Reverse Vaccinology and Surface Proteome.

The discovery of outer membrane proteins (OMPs) with desirable specificity and surface availability is a fundamental challenge to develop accurate immunodiagnostic assay and multivalent vaccine of pathogenic Vibrio species in food and aquaculture. Herein 101 OMPs were systemically screened from 4,831 non-redundant proteins of Vibrio parahaemolyticus by bioinformatical predication of signaling peptides, transmembrane (TM) α-helix, and subcellular location. The sequence homology analysis with 32 species of Vibrio spp. and all the non-Vibrio strains revealed that 15 OMPs were conserved in at least 23 Vibrio species, including BamA (VP2310), GspD (VP0133), Tolc (VP0425), OmpK (VP2362), OmpW (VPA0096), LptD (VP0339), Pal (VP1061), flagellar L-ring protein (VP0782), flagellar protein MotY (VP2111), hypothetical protein (VP1713), fimbrial assembly protein (VP2746), VacJ lipoprotein (VP2214), agglutination protein (VP1634), and lipoprotein (VP1267), Chitobiase (VP0755); high adhesion probability of flgH, LptD, OmpK, and OmpW indicated they were potential multivalent Vibrio vaccine candidates. V. parahaemolyticus OMPs were found to share high homology with at least one or two Vibrio species, 19 OMPs including OmpA like protein (VPA073), CsuD (VPA1504), and MtrC (VP1220) were found relatively specific to V. parahaemolyticus. The surface proteomic study by enzymatical shaving the cells showed the capsular polysaccharides most likely limited the protease action, while the glycosidases improved the availability of OMPs to trypsin. The OmpA (VPA1186, VPA0248, VP0764), Omp (VPA0166), OmpU (VP2467), BamA (VP2310), TolC (VP0425), GspD (VP0133), OmpK (VP2362), lpp (VPA1469), Pal (VP1061), agglutination protein (VP1634), and putative iron (III) compound receptor (VPA1435) have better availability on the cell surface.