Nondestructive Direct Patterning of Both Hole Transport and Emissive Layers for Pixelated Quantum-Dot Light-Emitting Diodes.

Considering the increasing demand for high-resolution light-emitting diodes (LEDs), it is important that direct fine patterning technologies for LEDs be developed, especially for quantum-dot LEDs (QLEDs). Traditionally, the patterning of QLEDs relies on resin-based photolithography techniques, requiring multiple steps and causing performance deterioration. Nondestructive direct patterning may provide an easy and stepwise method to achieve fine-pixelated units in QLEDs. In this study, two isomeric tridentate cross-linkers (X8/X9) are presented and can be blended into the hole transport layer (HTL) and the emissive layer (EML) of QLEDs. Because of their photosensitivity, the in situ cross-linking process can be efficiently triggered by ultraviolet irradiation, affording high solvent resistance and nondestructive direct patterning of the layers. Red QLEDs using the cross-linked HTL demonstrate an impressive external quantum efficiency of up to 22.45%. Through lithographic patterning enabled by X9, line patterns of HTL and EML films exhibit widths as narrow as 2 and 4 µm, respectively. Leveraging the patterned HTL and EML, we show the successful fabrication of pixelated QLED devices with an area size of 3 × 3 mm2, alongside the successful production of dual-color pixelated QLED devices. These findings showcase the promising potential of direct patterning facilitated by engineered cross-linkers for the cost-effective fabrication of pixelated QLED displays.

Sulfonated Azocalix[4]arene-Modified Metal-Organic Framework Nanosheets for Doxorubicin Removal from Serum.

Chemotherapy is one of the most commonly used methods for treating cancer, but its side effects severely limit its application and impair treatment effectiveness. Removing off-target chemotherapy drugs from the serum promptly through adsorption is the most direct approach to minimize their side effects. In this study, we synthesized a series of adsorption materials to remove the chemotherapy drug doxorubicin by modifying MOF nanosheets with sulfonated azocalix[4]arenes. The strong affinity of sulfonated azocalix[4]arenes for doxorubicin results in high adsorption strength (Langmuir adsorption constant = 2.45-5.73 L mg-1) and more complete removal of the drug. The extensive external surface area of the 2D nanosheets facilitates the exposure of a large number of accessible adsorption sites, which capture DOX molecules without internal diffusion, leading to a high adsorption rate (pseudo-second-order rate constant = 0.0058-0.0065 g mg-1 min-1). These adsorbents perform effectively in physiological environments and exhibit low cytotoxicity and good hemocompatibility. These features make them suitable for removing doxorubicin from serum during "drug capture" procedures. The optimal adsorbent can remove 91% of the clinical concentration of doxorubicin within 5 min.

Levels of trace metals and their impact on oocyte: A review.

Trace metals play a vital role in a variety of biological processes, but excessive amounts can be toxic and are receiving increasing attention. Trace metals in the environment are released from natural sources, such as rock weathering, volcanic eruptions, and other human activities, such as industrial emissions, mineral extraction, and vehicle exhaust. Lifestyle, dietary habits and environmental quality are the main sources of human exposure to trace metals, which play an important role in inducing human reproductive infertility. The purpose of this review is to summarize the distribution of various trace metals in oocyte and to identify the trace metals that may cause oocyte used in the design and execution of toxicological studies.

Single Molecular Nanomedicines Based on Macrocyclic Carrier-Drug Conjugates for Concentration-Independent Encapsulation and Precise Activation of Drugs.

Nanomedicines often rely on noncovalent self-assembly and encapsulation for drug loading and delivery. However, challenges such as reproducibility issues due to the multicomponent nature, off-target activation caused by premature drug release, and complex pharmacokinetics arising from assembly dissociation have hindered their clinical translation. In this study, we introduce an innovative design concept termed single molecular nanomedicine (SMNM) based on macrocyclic carrier-drug conjugates. Through the covalent linkage of two chemotherapy drugs to a hypoxia-cleavable macrocyclic carrier, azocalix[4]arene, we obtained two self-included complexes to serve as SMNMs. The intramolecular inclusion feature of the SMNMs has not only demonstrated comprehensive shielding and protection for the drugs but also effectively prevented off-target drug leakage, thereby significantly reducing their side effects and enhancing their antitumor therapeutic efficacy. Additionally, the attributes of being a single component and molecularly dispersed confer advantages such as ease of preparation and good reproducibility for SMNMs, which is desirable for clinical applications.

Alleviating Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator-induced Hemorrhagic Transformation in Ischemic Stroke via Targeted Delivery of a Ferroptosis Inhibitor.

Intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) is the primary treatment for ischemic stroke. However, rtPA treatment can substantially increase blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and susceptibility to hemorrhagic transformation. Herein, the mechanism underlying the side effects of rtPA treatment is investigated and demonstrated that ferroptosis plays an important role. The ferroptosis inhibitor, liproxstatin-1 (Lip) is proposed to alleviate the side effects. A well-designed macrocyclic carrier, glucose-modified azocalix[4]arene (GluAC4A), is prepared to deliver Lip to the ischemic site. GluAC4A bound tightly to Lip and markedly improved its solubility. Glucose, modified at the upper rim of GluAC4A, imparts BBB targeting to the drug delivery system owing to the presence of glucose transporter 1 on the BBB surface. The responsiveness of GluAC4A to hypoxia due to the presence of azo groups enabled the targeted release of Lip at the ischemic site. GluAC4A successfully improved drug accumulation in the brain, and Lip@GluAC4A significantly reduced ferroptosis, BBB leakage, and neurological deficits induced by rtPA in vivo. These findings deepen the understanding of the side effects of rtPA treatment and provide a novel strategy for their effective mitigation, which is of great significance for the treatment and prognosis of patients with ischemic stroke.

Suppressive stroma-immune prognostic signature impedes immunotherapy in ovarian cancer and can be reversed by PDGFRB inhibitors.

BACKGROUND: As the most lethal gynecologic cancer, ovarian cancer (OV) holds the potential of being immunotherapy-responsive. However, only modest therapeutic effects have been achieved by immunotherapies such as immune checkpoint blockade. This study aims to propose a generalized stroma-immune prognostic signature (SIPS) to identify OV patients who may benefit from immunotherapy. METHODS: The 2097 OV patients included in the study were significant with high-grade serous ovarian cancer in the III/IV stage. The 470 immune-related signatures were collected and analyzed by the Cox regression and Lasso algorithm to generalize a credible SIPS. Correlations between the SIPS signature and tumor microenvironment were further analyzed. The critical immunosuppressive role of stroma indicated by the SIPS was further validated by targeting the major suppressive stroma component (CAFs, Cancer-associated fibroblasts) in vitro and in vivo. With four machine-learning methods predicting tumor immune subtypes, the stroma-immune signature was upgraded to a 23-gene signature. RESULTS: The SIPS effectively discriminated the high-risk individuals in the training and validating cohorts, where the high SIPS succeeded in predicting worse survival in several immunotherapy cohorts. The SIPS signature was positively correlated with stroma components, especially CAFs and immunosuppressive cells in the tumor microenvironment, indicating the critical suppressive stroma-immune network. The combination of CAFs' marker PDGFRB inhibitors and frontline PARP inhibitors substantially inhibited tumor growth and promoted the survival of OV-bearing mice. The stroma-immune signature was upgraded to a 23-gene signature to improve clinical utility. Several drug types that suppress stroma-immune signatures, such as EGFR inhibitors, could be candidates for potential immunotherapeutic combinations in ovarian cancer. CONCLUSIONS: The stroma-immune signature could efficiently predict the immunotherapeutic sensitivity of OV patients. Immunotherapy and auxiliary drugs targeting stroma could enhance immunotherapeutic efficacy in ovarian cancer.

Biofuneling lignin-derived compounds into lipids using a newly isolated Citricoccus sp. P2.

Lignin-derived compounds (LDCs) bioconversion into lipids is a promising yet challenging task. This study focuses on the isolation of the ligninolytic bacterium Citricoccus sp. P2 and investigates its mechanism for producing lipids from LDCs. Although strain P2 exhibits a relatively low lignin degradation rate of 44.63%, it efficiently degrades various concentrations of LDCs. The highest degradation rate is observed when incubated with 0.6 g/L vanillic acid, 0.6 g/L syringic acid, 0.8 g/L p-coumaric acid, and 0.4 g/L phenol, resulting in respective lipid yields of 0.16 g/L, 0.13 g/L, 0.24 g/L, and 0.13 g/L. The genome of strain P2 provides insights into LDCs bioconversion into lipids and stress tolerance. Moreover, Citricoccus sp. P2 has been successfully developed a non-sterilized lipid production using its native alkali-halophilic characteristics, which significantly enhances the lipid yield. This study presents a promising platform for lipids production from LDCs and has potential to promote valorization of lignin.

Valorization of lignin-derived compounds into poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) by engineered Halomonas sp. Y3.

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) is a biopolyester with great potential, but its high production cost via the propionate-dependent pathway has hindered its development. Herein, we engineer Halomonas sp. Y3 to achieve efficient conversion of various LDCs into PHBV without propionate supplement. Initially, we successfully achieve PHBV production without propionate supplement by overexpressing threonine synthesis. The resulting biopolyester exhibits a 3 HV proportion of up to 7.89 mol%, comparable to commercial PHBV (8 mol%) available from Sigma Aldrich (403105). To further enhance PHBV production, we rationally design the reconstruction of aromatic compound catabolism. The engineered strain Y3_18 efficiently assimilates all LDCs containing syringyl (S), guaiacyl (G), and p-hydroxyphenyl-type (H) units. From 1 g/L of S-, G-, and H-type LDCs, Y3_18 produces PHBV at levels of 449 mg/L, 488 mg/L, and 716 mg/L, respectively, with yields of 44.9 % (g/g), 48.8 % (g/g), and 71.6 % (g/g). Moreover, to improve PHBV yield from lignin, we integrate laccase-secretion and PHBV production modules. This integration leads to the accumulation of 425.84 mg/L of PHBV with a yield of 21.29 % (g/g) and a 3 HV proportion of 6.38 mol%. By harnessing the capabilities of Halomonas sp. Y3, we demonstrate an efficient and sustainable approach for PHBV production from a variety of LDCs.

[Effects of Reservoir Water Depth on Different Plankton Communities and Keystone Species of Network Interaction].

In order to understand the impacts of the reservoir construction on the diversity and ecological network of different microbial communities, seven sampling sites were set up in the Hengshan Reservoir in 2021. Water samples were collected from the surface and bottom of the reservoir. After filtering and extracting total DNA samples, high-throughput sequencing was carried out based on 16S and 18S rDNA to investigate the response of community structure, molecular ecological network, and keystone species of different microbial groups to water environment changes. The results showed that the Richness, Simpson, Shannon, and Pielou's Evenness indices of bacterial community in the surface and bottom layers were higher than those in the eukaryote community. The dominant community of bacteria included Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes, and the eukaryote community included Arthropoda, Ciliophora, Ochrophyta, etc. Moreover, the density and average clustering coefficient of the microbial networks in the surface waters of different phytoplankton communities were higher than those in the bottom waters. It was also observed that the microbial ecological networks in the surface waters were more closely related, and the number of nodes and edges, as well as the number of keystone species, of bacterial communities in the surface and bottom layers were significantly higher than those in the eukaryote microbial communities, indicating that the bacterial community network was larger, and the cooperative relationship and network connectivity between species were stronger. The interaction between bacterial community and eukaryote community in different water depths was dominated by positive correlation, and the negative correlation of the two groups in the bottom layer was slightly greater than that in the surface, indicating that the competition between bottom-layer species was greater than that between surface-layer species. In addition, the environmental impact factors of all species and keystone species of the community in surface water were basically the same, but they differed greatly in deep water, indicating that the influence mechanism of water depth change on keystone species was not the same as that of all species. The results further revealed the effects of reservoir construction on the stability and interspecific interactions of different microbial communities and provided a theoretical basis for predicting variations in microbial community and material cycling in reservoirs.

Paraphlomisyingdeensis (Lamiaceae), a new species from Guangdong (China).

Paraphlomisyingdeensis (Lamiaceae), a new species from the limestone area in northern Guangdong Province, China, is described and illustrated. Phylogenetic analyses, based on two nuclear DNA regions (ITS and ETS) and three plastid DNA regions (rpl32-trnL, rps16 and trnL-trnF), suggest that P.yingdeensis represents a distinct species in Paraphlomis. Morphologically, P.yingdeensis is similar to P.foliatasubsp.montigena and P.nana, but can be distinguished from the former by its densely villous lamina and calyx, not decurrent base of lamina and bristle-like-acuminate apex of calyx teeth, and distinguished from the latter by its significantly taller plant (15-20 cm vs. 1-5 cm) and larger lamina (6.2-16.5 × 4-11.5 vs. 2-7 × 1.5-4 cm), densely villous stem, lamina and calyx and yellow corolla.

Loss of HRD functional phenotype impedes immunotherapy and can be reversed by HDAC inhibitor in ovarian cancer.

In recent years, homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) has not achieved the expected substantial promotion of immunotherapeutic efficacy in ovarian cancer. This study aims to explore the role of HRD functional phenotype as a powerful biomarker in identifying HRD patients who may benefit from immunotherapy. HRD functional phenotype, namely HRD-EXCUTE, was defined as the average level of the 15 hub genes upregulated in HRD ovarian cancer. A decision tree was plotted to evaluate the critical role of HRD-EXCUTE in HRD patients. Agents inducing HRD-EXCUTE were identified by CMAP web (Connectivity Map). The mechanisms and immunotherapeutic effect of PARPi and HDACi in promoting HRD-EXCUTE was examined in vitro and in vivo. The decision tree plotted on the basis of HRD and HRD-EXCUTE indicated the HRD patients without the HRD functional phenotype were largely unresponsive to immunotherapy, which was validated by the immunotherapeutic cohorts. Furthermore, loss of HRD-EXCUTE in the HRD patients attenuated immunogenicity and inhibited immune cells in tumor microenvironment. Moreover, Niraparib combined with Entinostat induced HRD-EXCUTE by activating the cGAS-STING pathway and increasing the histone acetylation. The combination therapy could enhance the cytotoxicity of immune cells, and promote pro-immune cells infiltrating into ascites, resulting in inhibited ovarian cancer growth. The HRD functional phenotype HRD-EXCUTE was set up as a potent biomarker to identify whether HRD patients can benefit from immunotherapy. Loss of HRD-EXCUTE in HRD patients were largely insensitive to immunotherapy. The combination of PARPi with HDACi could improve the efficacy of the PARPi-based immunotherapy in ovarian cancer by augmenting the HRD functional phenotype.

Non-sterilized conversion of whole lignocellulosic components into polyhydroxybutyrate by Halomonas sp. Y3 with a dual anti-microbial contamination system.

Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) production from lignocellulosic biomass is challenging due to the need for whole components and energy-effective conversion. Herein, Halomonas sp. Y3, a ligninolytic bacterium with the capacity to produce PHB from lignin and cellulose- and hemicellulose-derived sugars, is employed to explore its feasibility. This strain shows high sugar tolerance up to 200 g/L of glucose and 120 g/L of xylose. A dual anti-microbial contamination system (DACS) containing alkali-halophilic system (AHS) and phosphite-urea system (PUS) is presented, successfully achieving a completely aseptic effect and resulting in a total of 8.2 g of PHB production from 100 g bamboo biomass. We further develop a stage-fed-batch fermentation to promote the complete utilization of xylose. Approximately 69.99 g of dry cell weight (DCW) and 46.45 g of PHB with 66.35 % are obtained from a total of 296.58 g of sugars and 5.70 g of lignin, showing a significant advancement for LCB bioconversion. We then delete the native phosphate transporters, rendering the strain unable to grow on phosphate-loaded media, effectively improving the strain biosafety without compromising its ability to produce PHB. Overall, our findings demonstrate the potential of Y3 as a classic bacterium strain for PHB production with potential uses in industry.

Ocean acidification drives gut microbiome changes linked to species-specific immune defence.

Ocean acidification (OA) has important effects on the intrinsic phenotypic characteristics of many marine organisms. Concomitantly, OA can alter the extended phenotypes of these organisms by perturbing the structure and function of their associated microbiomes. It is unclear, however, the extent to which interactions between these levels of phenotypic change can modulate the capacity for resilience to OA. Here, we explored this theoretical framework assessing the influence of OA on intrinsic (immunological responses and energy reserve) and extrinsic (gut microbiome) phenotypic characteristics and the survival of important calcifiers, the edible oysters Crassostrea angulata and C. hongkongensis. After one-month exposure to experimental OA (pH 7.4) and control (pH 8.0) conditions, we found species-specific responses characterised by elevated stress (hemocyte apoptosis) and decreased survival in the coastal species (C. angulata) compared with the estuarine species (C. hongkongensis). Phagocytosis of hemocytes was not affected by OA but in vitro bacterial clearance capability decreased in both species. Gut microbial diversity decreased in C. angulata but not in C. hongkongensis. Overall, C. hongkongensis was capable of maintaining the homeostasis of the immune system and energy supply under OA. In contrast, C. angulata's immune function was suppressed, and the energy reserve was imbalanced, which might be attributed to the declined microbial diversity and the functional loss of essential bacteria in the guts. This study highlights a species-specific response to OA determined by genetic background and local adaptation, shedding light on the understanding of host-microbiota-environment interactions in future coastal acidification.

Highly efficient polyhydroxyalkanoate production from lignin using genetically engineered Halomonas sp. Y3.

Lignin degradation represents a significant challenge in biological valorization, but it is suffering from insufficiency, putting barriers to efficient lignin conversion. Herein, the study first develops a highly efficient laccase secretion apparatus, enabling high enzyme activity of 184 U/mL, complementing the biochemical limits on lignin depolymerization well in Halomonas sp. Y3. Further engineering of PHA biosynthesis produces a significantly high PHA titer of 286, 742, and 868 mg/L from alkaline lignin, catechol, and protocatechuate, respectively. The integration of laccase-secretion and PHA production modules enables a record titer of 693 and 1209 mg/L in converting lignin and lignin-containing stream to PHA, respectively. The titer is improved furtherly to 740 and 1314 mg/L by developing a non-sterilized fermentation. This study advances a cheaper and greener production of valuable chemicals from lignin by constructing a biosynthetic platform for PHA production and provides novel insight into the lignin conversion by extremophilic microbes.

Curcumin combined with arsenic trioxide in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia: network pharmacology analysis and experimental validation.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of curcumin by co-administration of arsenic trioxide (As2O3) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treatment, using network pharmacology and experimental validation. METHODS: Using Pubchem database, Traditional Chinese Medicine Information Database (TCMID) database, and Swiss target prediction database to predict compound-related targets, AML-associated targets were determined using GeneCards and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) databases. We identify overlapping common targets by comparing Compounds-related and AML-associated targets and using these targets to perform GO and KEGG functional enrichment analyses. Subsequently, these targets were input into the STRING database, and we used Cytoscape to construct protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Finally, we used KG1-a cells and the AML mouse model to measure the anti-leukemia effects of curcumin and As2O3 and their combination. RESULTS: Compounds and targets screening hinted that 85 intersection targets were predicted in the curcumin treatment of AML, 75 targets in the As2O3 treatment of AML, and 48 targets in the curcumin combined with the As2O3 treatment of AML. GO and KEGG analyses indicated that the top 10 enriched biological processes and top 20 pathways implicated in the therapeutic effects of curcumin and As2O3 on AML, respectively. In addition, network pharmacology screening revealed STAT3, TP53, EP300, MAPK1, and PIK3CA as the top five genes in PPI network of curcumin treatment of AML and TP53, MAPK3, MAPK1, STAT3, and SRC as the top five genes in PPI network of As2O3 treatment of AML. Moreover, the in vitro experiment demonstrated that curcumin combined with As2O3 inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in KG1-a cells, and this effect is more substantial than curcumin or As2O3 alone. Mechanistically, the curcumin combined with As2O3 significantly down-regulated the protein expression of JAK2, STAT3, and Bcl-2, and up-regulated the levels of P53, P27, and Bax. In the mouse model, the survival time of mice in each administration group was drawn out to varying degrees, with the most significant prolongation in the curcumin combined with the As2O3 group. CONCLUSION: Our results suggested that curcumin and As2O3 combination therapy exerts more significant anti-leukemia effects in the treatment of AML than curcumin or As2O3 monotherapy by up-regulating p53 pathway and down-regulating the JAK2/STAT3 pathway.

The study on the impact of sex on the structure of gut microbiota of bamboo rats in China.

Introduction: Bamboo rats are rodents that eat bamboo, and their robust capacity for bamboo digestion is directly correlated with their gut flora. Chinese bamboo rat (Rhizomys sinensis) is a common bamboo rat in Chinese central and southern regions. As a single-stomach mammal, bamboo rats are a famous specificity bamboo-eating animal and their intestinal microbial composition may also play a key role in the digestion of cellulose and lignin. So, the gut microbiota of bamboo rat may play an important role in the adaptation of bamboo rats for digesting lignocellulose-based diet. Methods: To study the microbiome differences of bamboo rats from different sexes, the microbial genomic DNA was extracted from each fecal sample and the V4 region of 16S rRNA genes was amplified and sequencing on an IlluminaHiSeq6000 platform. The operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were classified, the OTUs in different sexes was identified and compared at phylum and genus levels. For isolation and screening of cellulose degradation bacteria from bamboo rats, fresh feces from randomly selected bamboo rats were collected and used for the isolation and screening of cellulose degradation bacteria using Luria Bertani (LB) Agar medium containing Carboxymethyl cellulose. The cellulase activity, biochemical characterization and phylogenetic analysis of the purified bacteria strains were characterized. Results and discussion: A total of 3,833 OTUs were classified. The total microbial diversity detected in the female and male rats was 3,049 OTUs and 3,452 OTUs, respectively. The Shannon index revealed significant differences between the two groups (p < 0.05), though they were all captive and had the same feeding conditions. At the phylum level, Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, and Proteobacteria were prominent in the microbial community. At the genus level, the microbial community was dominated by Lachnospiraceae, Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, and Prevotella, but there was a significant difference between the two groups of bamboo rats; ~90 bacteria genus in the female group was significantly higher than the male group. Among them, Bacteroides, Colidextribacter, and Oscillibacter were significantly higher genera, and the genera of Lachnoclostridium, Oscillibacter, and Papillibacter had the highest FC value among the male and female bamboo rats. The KEGG function annotation and different pathways analysis revealed that membrane transport, carbohydrate metabolism, and amino acid metabolism were the most enriched metabolic pathways in the two groups, and multiple sugar transport system permease protein (K02025 and K02026), RNA polymerase sigma-70 factor (K03088), and ATP-binding cassette (K06147) were the three different KEGG pathways (p < 0.05). Two cellulose degradation bacteria strains-Bacillus subtilis and Enterococcus faecalis-were isolated and characterized from the feces of bamboo rats.

High performance printed organic electrochromic devices based on an optimized UV curable solid-state electrolyte.

Manufacturing cost is a major concern for electrochromic device (ECD) applications in smart windows for energy saving and low-carbon economy. Fully printing instead of a vacuum-based chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process is favored for large-scale fabrication of ECDs. To adapt to the screen printing process, a UV curable solid-state electrolyte based on lithium bis(trifluoromethane-sulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI) was specially formulated. It contains poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEG-DA), LiTFSI, water, and ethyl acetate. The optimized ECDs have achieved a 0.6 s bleaching time at 0.6 V and a 1.4 s coloring time at -0.5 V. The ECDs also exhibited excellent stability, which could endure 100 000 cycles of color switching while still maintaining 35% of transmittance change at a 550 nm wavelength. A demo ECD has been fabricated with a screen printed electrolyte, exhibiting stable switching between the clear state and patterned color state.

Molecular Design of Diazo Compound for Carbene-Mediated Cross-Linking of Hole-Transport Polymer in QLED with Reduced Energy Barrier and Improved Charge Balance.

Polymeric hole-transport materials (HTMs) have been widely used in quantum-dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs). However, their solution processability normally causes interlayer erosion and unstable film state, leading to undesired device performance. Besides, the imbalance of hole and electron transport in QLEDs also damages the device interfaces. In this study, we designed a bis-diazo compound, X1, as carbene cross-linker for polymeric HTM. Irradiated by ultraviolet and heating, a poly[(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-alt(4,4'-(N-(4-butylphenyl))] (TFB)/X1 blend can achieve fast "electronically clean" cross-linking with ∼100% solvent resistance. The cross-linking reduced the stacking behaviors of TFB and thus led to a lower hole-transport mobility, whereas it was a good match of electron mobility. The carbene-mediated TFB cross-linking also downshifted the HOMO level from -5.3 to -5.5 eV, delivering a smaller hole-transport energy barrier. Benefiting from these, the cross-linked QLED showed enhanced device performances over the pristine device, with EQE, power efficiency, and current efficiency being elevated by nearly 20, 15, and 83%, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report about a bis-diazo compound based carbene cross-linker built into a polymeric HTM for a QLED with enhanced device performance.

Funneling lignin-derived compounds into polyhydroxyalkanoate by Halomonas sp. Y3.

Lignin-derived compounds (LDCs) biological funneling for polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthesis has been attractive but elusive. Herein, the Halomonas sp. Y3 is isolated and developed for PHA production from LDCs. Of the tested 13 LDCs, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4-HBA), protocatechuate (PA), catechol (CAT), and vanillic acid (VA) exhibit a hyper-degradation and production with 87.2 %, 85.8 %, 84.7 %, and 83.4 % TOC removal rate and 535.2 mg/L, 506.5 mg/L, 435.6 mg/L, and 440.8 mg/L PHA concentration, respectively. The Halomonas sp. Y3 genome is sequenced by identifying numerous genes responsible for LDCs funneling, stress response, and PHA biosynthesis. An open unsterilized fermentation with optimal conditions of pH 9.0 and NaCl 60 g/L is investigated, achieving a completely aseptic effect and significantly improved PHA production from LDCs. Overall, the results indicate that the Halomonas sp. Y3 is an ideal candidate for LDC bioconversion and exhibits a great potential to realize black liquor valorization.

[Clinical Investigation of Key Parameter Range of AMG Muscle Relaxant Monitor].

The accelerometry(AMG) muscle relaxant monitor is the most widely used quantitative muscle relaxant monitor to assess the degree of neuromuscular at present. In this study, the ulnar nerve was stimulated by using train of four stimulation(TOF) mode of the AMG muscle relaxant monitor, and the movement of the adductor pollicis muscle was monitored. In this way, the distribution range of key parameters (acceleration peak value, response time, and TOF ratio) of the adductor pollicis muscle during the use of muscle relaxant in clinical practice is analyzed and will provide a practical basis for the development and improvement of the muscle relaxant monitor.