Influence of Interleukin-2 and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) on the Size of Myocardial Infarction in Rats with Systemic Inflammatory Response.

We studied the influence of recombinant IL-2 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) on the size of the myocardial necrosis zone of rats with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). A significant increase in the necrosis zone and the levels of proinflammatory cytokines was revealed in animals with SIRS in comparison with the control. The administration of IL-2 to animals with SIRS significantly reduced the size of the necrosis zone, which was paralleled by a pronounced increase in IL-2 and BDNF in comparison with the corresponding parameters in rats with SIRS that did not receive IL-2. Administration of BDNF to animals with SIRS was followed by normalization of TNFα and IL-1α levels, but did not lead to a decrease in the size of the necrosis zone.

Acute Effect of Selective Chemical Inactivation of Sympathetic or Parasympathetic Atrial Ganglionated Plexus Structures on Atrial Fibrillation Inducibility in Pigs.

We studied the role of both parts of the autonomic intracardiac nervous system in the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation (AF). In 12 pigs weighing 39±3 kg, AF was induced by burst stimulation. Chemical inactivation of intrinsic cardiac neurons within the right atria was performed by transendocardial injections of liposomal neuromodulators into the dorsal part of the right atrial wall. Sympathetic and parasympathetic terminals were inactivated with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA, n=6) and ethylcholine aziridinium ion (AF64A, n=6), respectively. Neuromodulators were encapsulated in liposomes (LS) with diameters of 310±50 nm for OHDA and 290±50 nm for AF64A. LS-6-OHDA and LS-AF64A were injected into the ganglionated plexuses after measuring the baseline effective refractory period and assessing myocardial resistance to AF. These measurements were repeated 90 min after the injections. The optimal doses were 0.2 mg/kg for LS-6-OHDA and 0.4 mg/kg for LS-AF64A (in 4 ml of suspension). Immediately after injections of liposomal neuromodulators, almost all pigs showed an increase in HR, and a short-term BP elevation was observed in the LS-AF64A group. At the end of the experiment, similar decrease in the effective refractory period and similar increase in the resistance to AF were observed in all animals. Thus, selective chemical inactivation of cholinergic and adrenergic terminals of the intracardiac nervous system with liposomal neuromodulators increased the resistance to AF in an acute experiment. However, the short observation period does not allow making a definite conclusion about the role of the autonomic nervous system in the pathogenesis of AF, which requires verification of the obtained data in a chronic experiment.

[Use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for pulmonary haemorrhage after pulmonary endarterectomy]. / Primenenie ékstrakorporal'noi membrannoi oksigenatsii pri legochnom krovotechenii posle legochnoi éndarteréktomii.

Pulmonary haemorrhage is one of the most severe complications of pulmonary endarterectomy. To the most effective methods of combating this potentially fatal complication belongs extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). In this article we describe a clinical case report regarding intraoperative use of central veno-arterial ECMO for pulmonary haemorrhage following thromboendarterectomy from the pulmonary arteries. According to the data of some authors, long-term ECMO support (for more than 4 days) may lead to such severe consequences as rethrombosis of pulmonary arteries and impairment of cerebral circulation. In our case we managed to avoid such complications, taking into consideration that the duration of ECMO amounted to 21 days. Resulting from the carried out comprehensive therapeutic measures by the time of discharge from hospital, a significant decrease in pulmonary artery pressure was achieved, with events of residual pulmonary hypertension.

[Dihydroquercetin polymerization using laccase immobilized into an ionic liquid].

It was shown that the laccase (LC) included into hydrophobic ionic liquid (IL) can be reused for the biotransformation of dihydroquercetin (DHQ). The physicochemical characteristics of DHQ oligomers synthesized using LC/IL did not differ from the characteristics of the oligomers obtained with native laccase. The synthesized oligomers have a number average molecular weight of 1050 g/mol and a polydispersity index of 1.41. Oligomers possess higher antioxidant activity than the monomer.

[Aniline Polymerization on Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes with Immobilized Laccase].

A composite material consisting of electrically conductive polyaniline deposited on the surface of multiwall carbon nanotubes has been synthesized. Enzymatic synthesis was carried out in the presence of Trametes hirsuta laccase immobilized on the nanotube surface. The obtained composite was morphologically uniform, and its electrochemical capacity and stability were much higher than those of a composite synthesized according to the conventional chemical procedure.

Biocatalytic synthesis of conducting polymers and prospects for its application.

Enzymatic methods of synthesis of conducting polymers, physicochemical properties of the resulting products, and mechanisms of the reactions are considered. The enzymes involved in oxidative polymerization of monomers are briefly characterized. Examples of practical application of enzymatically synthesized conducting polymers are given.

[The rapid method for differentiating bacteria of Listeria strain].

An integrated indicator medium has been designed to differentiate Listeria bacteria from other microorganisms, which may be used at the first stage of diagnosis of the causative agent of listeriosis. The application of this medium makes it possible to simplify and to accelerate the detection of Listeria in the examination of different samples of foodstuffs, environmental objects, clinical material and to extend the range of Russian indicator culture media for the differentiation of this microorganism.

[Differentiantion of Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated in the Far East and European part of Russia on the basis of polymorphism of genes encoding invasion factors].

Forty Listeria monocytogenes isolates obtained in European and Far East regions of Russia were differentiated on the basis of polymorphism of 5 markergenes. Total length of concatemers obtained after sequencing of internal fragments of genes inlA, inlB, inlC, inlE and prs was 3029 b.p. Comparative analysis of concatemers' sequences revealed 237 variable nucleotides. Totally, 25 sequence types were revealed, and isolates from European and Far East regions belonged to different types. On the dendrogram isolates split on 2 clusters, which correspond to early described phylogenetic lines of L. monocytogenes specie. Isolates obtained in European and Far East regions formed independent subclusters within main clusters. Fifteen clinical isolates of L. monocytogenes belonged to 7 different types. Analysis of epidemiologic data on time and place of isolates obtaining suggested that isolates of the same sequence type are epidemiologically related and might represent one strain; index of discrimination for proposed typing method was calculated as 0.982.

[Genes, encoding invasion factors in Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated in the European part and the far east of Russia].

The collection of 76 Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from humans, animals and food products was screened with PCR to reveal genes, which encode invasion factors of the internalin family. Obtained results demonstrated the correlation between the strain specific polymorphism of the revealed internalin genes and the source of the strain.

[Microbiological characterization of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from different sources in the Primorsky Territory].

The results of the bacteriological study of material, taken from humans, rodents, hydro-bios and environmental objects (including foodstuffs) in the Primorsky Territory, for the presence of L. monocytogenes bacteria are given. 83 bacterial strains of the genus Listeria were isolated. As revealed in this study, 25 of these strains belonged to L. monocytogenes (30.12%), 8 strains--to L. innocua (9.6%), 6 strains--to L. seeligeri (7.2%) and 2 strains--to L. ivanovii (2.4%). The greatest number of L. monocytogenes was isolated from foodstuffs and environmental objects. Some biological properties of L. monocytogenes were studied, the degree of their pathogenicity and sensitivity to antimicrobial preparations were determined.

[Functional activity of mouse peritoneal macrophages contaminated with gram-positive bacteria].

The analysis of the functional and enzymatic activity of mouse peritoneal macrophages contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes virulent strains is presented. The low bactericidal and digestive activity of these cells with respect to the above-mentioned microorganisms was determined. In this study a decrease in the activity of plasmatic membrane enzymes (5'-nucleotidase and ATP-ase) of macrophages contaminated with S. aureus and L. monocytogenes was observed, which was indicative of the stimulation of phagocytes. A rise in the activity of the oxygen-dependent system of macrophages contaminated with S. aureus and L. monocytogenes was detected by means of the nitro blue tetrazolium test. At the same time a decrease in the intracellular content of nitrogen oxide end metabolites in macrophages was detected with a rise in content of nitrogen oxide in the supernatants.

[Experimental study on impact of salmon milt DNA on T-cellular immunity].

The impact of a biologically active food supplement containing salmon milt DNA on cellular immunity was experimentally studied. It was shown that the DNA had a dose-dependent stimulating effect on lymphocyte transformation, stimulated the DTH response and protected from experimental listeriosis infection.

[Antibiotic susceptibility of Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated in the Primor'e region].

Antibiotic susceptibility of the Listeria monocytogenes isolates from biotic and abiotic objects of the environment in the Primor'e region was estimated. 100% of the isolates proved to be susceptible to benzylpenicillin, ampicillin, carbenicillin, gentamicin, doxycycline, tetracycline, vancomycin, cefazolin and rifampicin. 96, 92 and 84% of the isolates were susceptible to roxithromycin, clarithromycin and ofloxacin respectively. No significant differences were detected in the susceptibility of the strains isolated from different objects of the environment. 100% of the Listeria monocytogenes isolates was resistant to lomofloxacin and ceftazidime.

[Yersinia pseudotuberculosis sensitivity to fluoroquinolones and the efficacy of pefloxacin in experimental pseudotuberculosis]. / Izuchenie chuvstvitel'nosti Yersinia pseudotuberculosis k ftorkhinolonam i éffektivnosti pefloksatsina pri éksperimental'nom psevdotuberkuleze.

The sensitivity of Y. pseudotuberculosis of different origin and plasmid profile to Russian preparations of the ftoroquinolones group (cyprofloxacin, pefloxacin, norfloxacin) was studied. Of the 3 preparations under study, pefloxacin was found to be most active with respect to Y. pseudotuberculosis. The absence of relationship between antibiotic resistance in 4 Y. pseudotuberculosis strains to cyprofloxacin, pefloxacin and norfloxacin and their additional conjugative R-plasmid with molecular weights of 32 and 38 mD was noted. Pefloxacin was shown to give a good sanitation and protective effect in experimental pseudotuberculosis.

[Elimination of virulence plasmids of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis as affected by fluoroquinolones]. / Eliminatsiia plazmid virulentnosti Yersinia pseudotuberculosis pod vliianiem ftorkhinolonov.

Pefloxacin, ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin were shown to induce elimination of the virulence plasmids in the strains of Y. pseudotuberculosis. Pefloxacin had a more pronounced eliminating effect than ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin. The elimination of the virulence plasmids with the molecular weight of 40-50 MD in the strains of Y. pseudotuberculosis was more frequent at the subinhibitory concentrations of the fluoroquinolones or at 1/4 of the fluoroquinolone MIC., At 1/8 of the MIC it was rarer. The virulence plasmid elimination in the strains was observed in spite of their serovar but was more frequent in the serovar 1B strains.

[Comparative study of the antimicrobial activity of pefloxacin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and azithromycin with respect to Strains of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis]. / Sravnitel'noe izuchenie antimikrobnoi aktivnosti pefloksatsina, tsiprofloksatsina, norfloksatsina i zitromitsina v otnoshenii shtammov Yersinia pseudotuberculosis.

Ciprofloxacin (C), pefloxacin (P) and norfloxacin (N) had a marked effect on Yersinia pseudotuberculosis strains isolated from the infected humans and animals. The activity of C (MIC 0.0312-0.125 microgram/ml) was higher than that of P and N (MIC 0.0625-2.0 micrograms/ml). The isolates were resistant to azithromycin (MIC 3.1-100 micrograms/ml). The susceptibility of the strains did not depend on the source of their isolation. The polyresistant strains carrying the R plasmids preserved the susceptibility to the fluoroquinolones.

[Sensitivity of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis to pefloxacin]. / Chuvstvite'nost' Yersinia pseudotuberculosis k pefloksatsinu.

Pefloxacin susceptibility of 27 Yersinia pseudo-tuberculosis isolates from the infected humans and animals (serovars 1a and 1b with different plasmid spectra) was studied by the method of two-fold serial dilutions in the liquid medium. The culture was incubated at a temperature of 37 degrees C for 48 hours. It was shown that all the isolates were highly susceptible to the antibiotic. The MIC was 0.0625-1.0 microgram/ml and did not depend on the source of the strain isolation.