RESUMEN
Premise: Reproducible seed propagation and production protocols were developed for Spiranthes and related taxa to facilitate ex situ conservation practices. Methods and Results: Spiranthes seeds were scarified for 3- and 10-min intervals in 10% sodium hypochlorite solution, then cultured on three seed germination media. After germination, seedlings were given one of the three photoperiod treatments, and then planted in one of four greenhouse substrates. Seed germination ranged from 0% to 90% and occurred on all three media only after the 3-min scarification. Seedlings in the 24/0-h light/dark and 16/8-h light/dark photoperiods on P723 medium had significantly higher fresh weight than those in the dark treatment group. Ex vitro survival ranged from 55% to 95% across substrates. Conclusions: Results show that Spiranthes seeds are damaged by extended chemical scarification, are adaptable to a variety of culture media, and require light for optimal development. Further experimentation showed that the propagation protocols described here can be applied broadly within the genus.
RESUMEN
Premise: The effective ex situ conservation of exceptional plants, whether in living collections or cryo-collections, requires more resources than the conservation of other species. Because of their expertise with rare plants, botanical gardens are well positioned to lead this effort, but a well-developed strategy requires a clear understanding of the resources needed. Methods: Grant funding was obtained from the Institute of Museum and Library Services to support a three-year project on cryobanking, and to provide smaller grants to 10 other botanical gardens for one-year projects on either (1) seed behavior studies or (2) the development of protocols for in vitro propagation or cryopreservation. Results: Nine of the partner gardens worked on 19 species (one was unable to continue due to the COVID-19 pandemic), while the larger project focused on 14 species. A point system was developed for tasks accomplished, and the average costs per point of the larger and smaller projects were similar. Labor accounted for half the costs. Projects focused on species in the Asteraceae and Orchidaceae had lower costs per point than other species. Discussion: Both large and small projects can contribute to a strategy for exceptional plant conservation for similar costs. Prioritizing species with lower costs could help advance the field while allowing time for work on more difficult species to develop.
RESUMEN
Lilium pardalinum Kellogg is native to the Pacific Coast of the United States, and grows in woodland near streams. In the present study, the complete plastome of L. pardalinum was sequenced. The plastome sequence is 151,969 bp long with a large single copy, a small single copy, and two inverted repeat regions of length 81,401, 17,346, and 26,611 bp, respectively. A total of 133 genes were identified, including 82 coding genes, 8 ribosomal RNAs, 38 transfer RNAs, and 5 pseudogenes. Among the 5 pseudogenes, pseudo ndhF and ndhG genes were similar to that of L. washingtonianum and L. philadelphicum, respectively. Lilium pardalinum is sister to American lilies, except L. philadelphicum.
