[State of kidneys of the population of the industrial city].

The assessment of renal functions of the adult population of Atyrau (West Kazakhstan) exposed to Atyrau oil refinery and other industrial objects (enterprises in the city), as well as employees of this refinery has been performed by virtue of the identification ofpathological changes in the urine with the use ofphotometric screening, determination of serum levels of creatinine, urea, uric acid and the calculation of glomerular filtration rate. There were obtained evident data testifying to the development of statistically significant exertion of renal function in residents of this city as compared with those of control area residents. There was revealed a statistically significant decrease in the relative density of urine in in 42% of the population, leucocyturia - in 20%, erythrocyturia - in 25%. Decreased glomerularfiltration rate was noted in these people. A statistically significant elevation of the level of uric acid in the blood in combination with an acidic reaction and sharply acidic urine reaction indicates to the possibility of the development of urate urolithiasis which is confirmed by cases of discharge of stones in the urine in 20% of the population according to data of previously executed questionnaire survey. The above mentioned changes in the functional renal reserve and hyperuricemia are equally often found among the residents of the city - Atyrau refinery workers, and the rest of the city people as well. The results of the study allow to recommend the screening ofurine with quantitative registration ofpathological changes as a mean of the most optimal objective methods for early detection of renal dysfunction in population exposed to nephrotoxic impact of environmental techno-genic pollutants.

[Features of sexual development of adolescent boys in cities of Caspian region of the Republic of Kazakhstan].

The complex estimation of parameters of the sexual development of adolescent boys aged 14-16 years had been done in cities of Aktay and Atyrau, in Caspian region of Western Kazakhstan. Adolescent boys in cities of Caspian region of the Republic of Kazakhstan were found to have tendency to the delayed puberty according to Tanner score. Retarded sexual development is manifested by the some retardation in growth of genitals and escutcheon, in comparison with their peers from control group. The absence of differences in general physical development, as evidenced by anthropometry data, does not exclude the specific (elective) character of the impact of urbanogenic factors on growing male body, which is typical impact of hard metals salts.

[Features of the immune status in the population of urban areas with a high content of heavy metals].

The immune status was studied in of 4000 Aktobe citizens. The findings indicate that cell immunity indicators as the maximally informative parameter are of criteria significance in evaluating the influence of environmental factors on the body. A direct correlation was found between the sensitization to chromium and CD3, CD4, CD8 and the functional response of T lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin.

[Influence of environmental factors on the body's immunological resistance].

Due to the presence of metals having immunotropic activity in the environmental objects, the authors analyzed the level and structure of morbidity due to immunodeficiency states in the context of micro-regions. It may be stated with sufficient assurance that the combined influence of environmental chemical factors leads to immunodeficiency states, in the presence of which the risk of allergic diseases and other immunodeficiencies increases.

[The content of metals in hair and blood in the child population of cities of Aktobe region].

The content of metal carcinogens in hair and blood in children's population in thee cities of Aktobe area has been studied. These data indicate that levels of carcinogens in children living in the Khromtau and Aktobe cities are 2 times higher than levels of carcinogens in children living in the Alga city.

[Immune homeostasis parameters in chromium production workers].

The authors studied immune homeostasis parameters in chromium production workers and presented changes in cellular, humoral immunity and sensibilization to chromium in main occupational groups of workers. Findings are that occupational contact with chromium compounds results in T-immune deficiency. Allergic tests also revealed higher sensibilization to 6-valent chromium.

[Characteristics of soil toxic compounds levels in urbanized areas (in case of Aktobe)].

The paper gives data on the levels of toxic chemicals in the soil of an industrial town. Rationale is provided for dividing the microareas of an Aktobe residential zone in relation to the soil level of chemical carcinogens.

[Regional features of children's biological reactions to environmental factors].

The levels of trace elements in the biological substrates were comparatively analyzed in the children living in the towns of Aktobe, Orenburg, and Orsk. The values of blood metals were ascertained in the Aktobe children residing in the areas differently spaced from the town's industrial zone. Immunity was evaluated and the degree of immunodeficiency was established.

[Hygienic evaluation of transboundary pollution of the Ural River basin].

The anthropogenic pollution of the Ural River and its tributaries is the most important problem of the Ural-Caspian basin. Transboundary inflow from Kazakhstan to Russian is 30.9 km3/year. The border Ilek river pollution was hygienically evaluated and the contribution of pollution sources was ascertained, with the seasonal variations and hydrochemical background being kept in mind, from 2002 to 2007. The monitoring data on the content of priority pollutants of the surface waters of the basin of the Ilek River, a tributary of the Ural River, which come from the Republic of Kazakhstan, are given. Semiquantitative spectral estimation and the atomic absorption method were used to study the chemical composition of bottom sediments in the Ilek River and its tributaries. The magnitude and sources of influence of man-caused pollution on the quality of the river water were established.

[Integrated estimation of carcinogenic load on the population in the town of Aktobe].

Identification of carcinogens from the results of monitoring various environmental objects in an industrial town (Actobe) could single out 8 priority trace elements, which might cause their human accumulation. A carcinogenic risk was found to be formed due to the high ambient chromium pollution in the residential areas, to the accumulation of the elements in the deposited media and human body. Drinking water is a minor source of the identified carcinogens; therefore it may be borne in mind in the further analysis of a carcinogenic risk.

[Assessment of a risk from environmental factors to human health].

Analysis of the findings has shown that the estimation of the sensitization requires the use of a battery of tests, by taking into consideration both the persons having positive tests and the number of positive tests of the used ones. It is necessary to note that the estimation of the specific sensitization to hexavalent chromium has indicated the higher levels of parameters and percent of positive tests among the children living in the area adjacent to the industrial zone with a further decrease as the major sources of pollution is farther. It should be noted that the chromium sensitization is 10% even in the most distant areas.

[Combined influence of chemical and physical factors on health of workers engaged into chromium production].

The authors studied influence of chemical and physical factors in main production of chromium compounds plant on the workers' health. Patterns of morbidity formation in the workshops are defined.