Sex Differences in Acute Bleeding and Vascular Complications Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Between 2003 and 2016: Trends From the Dartmouth Dynamic Registry.

BACKGROUND: Women undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are at higher risk for bleeding and vascular complications than men. Multiple approaches have been utilized to reduce bleeding in the modern era of PCI, including radial access, reduced GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor use, increased vascular closure device use, smaller sheath size and novel antithrombotic regimens. Nevertheless, few studies have assessed the impact of these techniques on the gap between men and women for such complications following PCI. We sought to quantify bleeding and vascular complications over time between men and women. METHODS: We queried The Dartmouth Dynamic Registry for consecutive PCI's performed between January 2003 and June 2016. Demographic information, procedural characteristics, and in-hospital outcomes were collected and compared between men and women over the years. RESULTS: We reviewed 15,284 PCI cases, of which 4384 (29%) were performed in women. Radial access increased from none in 2003 to nearly 40% in 2016. Use of GP IIb/IIIa and femoral access decreased substantially over the same time. Bleeding and vascular complication rates decreased significantly in women (13.2% to 3%; 6.5% to 0.8%, respectively) and men (3.5% to 0.7%, 3.4% to 0.7%, respectively). The overall bleeding and vascular complication rates decreased more for women than men, narrowing the gender gap. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of bleeding and vascular complications fell between 2003 and 2016 in both men and women. Vascular complications have become less common over time, and based on our analysis, there was no longer any difference between the sexes for this outcome. Bleeding following PCI has decreased in both sexes over time; however, women continue to bleed more than men.

Gastroparesis and Severity of Delayed Gastric Emptying: Comparison of Patient Characteristics, Treatments and Medication Adverse Events.

BACKGROUND: Gastroparesis is a heterogeneous disorder. Patient characteristics and treatment responsiveness may differ based on the extent of delay in gastric emptying. AIMS: Characterize gastroparesis patients based on the degree of delay in gastric emptying, and assess the relationship of patient demographics, symptoms and response to therapy based on the extent of delay. METHODS: 1333 solid-phase 4-h scintigraphic gastric emptying scans were reviewed. Delayed emptying was categorized on percent retention at 4 h: mild (10-19%), moderate (20-29%), and severe (≥ 30%). Analyses were performed with regard to demographics, symptoms, esophagogastroduodenoscopy findings, medication use, and emergency department (ED) visits/hospitalizations. RESULTS: 284 patients had delayed gastric emptying: mild (42.6%), moderate (19.3%), and severe (37.3%). 79.5% were women, the mean age was 45 years (± 15), and mean symptom duration was 4.6 years (± 6.5). The main categories of gastroparesis were idiopathic and diabetes mellitus. The most commonly prescribed medications were metoclopramide, domperidone and erythromycin. Opiate use (n = 69) was associated with an increased degree of delayed gastric emptying (p = 0.03) with 50% of opiate users having very delayed gastric emptying. One-way analysis revealed that severely delayed gastric emptying correlated with both increased hospitalizations and ED visits. CONCLUSIONS: Severe delay in gastric emptying is a risk factor for increased hospitalizations and ED visits. Opiate use correlates with increased severity of gastric emptying. Identifying at-risk patients, stopping opioids, and instituting a programmatic care plan for patients with severely delayed gastric emptying may reduce ED visits, hospitalizations, and healthcare costs.