Longitudinal and long-term effects of radiotherapy on swallowing function after tongue reconstruction.

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the longitudinal and long-term effects of radiotherapy on swallowing function after tongue reconstruction. METHODS: The study comprised 16 patients who had: undergone glossectomy and tongue reconstruction with free flap transfer, received adjuvant radiotherapy, and survived without recurrence for at least 1 year. Swallowing function, as indicated by tolerance of oral intake, was evaluated before radiotherapy, at radiotherapy completion, and at 6 and 12 months after radiotherapy completion. RESULTS: Before radiotherapy, all patients could tolerate oral intake. At radiotherapy completion, only three patients could consume all nutrition orally. However, swallowing function improved over time, and by 12 months after radiotherapy completion it had returned nearly to that before radiotherapy. CONCLUSION: Acute dysphagia due to radiotherapy after tongue reconstruction is severe, but can improve gradually. Multidisciplinary support of patients during percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy dependence is important to improve long-term functional outcomes.

Neuropathic Pain Features in Patients with Bone Metastases.

AIMS: The results of previous randomised controlled trials suggest that radiation oncologists should consider the presence of neuropathic pain when they prescribe dose fractionations for painful bone metastases. Although validated screening tools for neuropathic pain features are currently available, the prevalence of such features among patients with painful bone metastases is still poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of neuropathic pain features among patients who received palliative radiotherapy for painful bone metastases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a cohort survey of consecutive patients who received palliative radiotherapy for painful bone metastases at St Luke's International Hospital between 2013 and 2014. Patients were prospectively assessed before radiotherapy using the validated screening questionnaire to identify neuropathic pain components in Japanese patients. Pain with neuropathic features was prospectively defined using the total score of the seven-item questionnaire and a cut-off score ≥9. The pain response was assessed 2 months after the start of radiotherapy according to the criteria defined by the International Bone Metastases Consensus Working Party. RESULTS: Eighty-seven patients were assessed. Twenty-four per cent of patients (95% confidence interval: 16-35%) were diagnosed as having pain with neuropathic features. On multivariate analysis, no significant correlations were seen between neuropathic pain features and patient characteristics. Sixty-four patients (74%) were assessable 2 months after the start of radiotherapy. Overall response rates were 59% (95% confidence interval: 33-82%) in patients with neuropathic features and 55% (95% confidence interval: 40-70%) in those without such features. CONCLUSIONS: A considerable proportion of the patients were proven to have bone pain with neuropathic features. Further investigations are warranted to validate symptom assessment tools in cooperation with pain distribution and image findings, and to clarify if the presence of neuropathic pain affects the response to palliative radiotherapy.

Phase I trial of combination chemotherapy with docetaxel, cisplatin and S-1 (TPS) in patients with locally advanced or recurrent/metastatic head and neck cancer.

BACKGROUND: we investigated the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of combination therapy with docetaxel, cisplatin, and S-1 (TPS) in patients with locally advanced or recurrent/metastatic head and neck cancer (HNC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: treatment consisted of docetaxel (Taxotere) at doses of 50, 60, and 70 mg/m(2); cisplatin at 70 mg·m(2)/day on day 1; and S-1 twice daily on days 1-14 at doses of 40, 60, and 80 mg·m(2)/day, repeated every 3 or 4 weeks. RESULTS: forty patients were enrolled. MTD was not reached until level 4. Subjects at expanded dose were limited to patients with locally advanced disease. Two dose-limiting toxic effects (DLTs) were observed at dose level 5 (TPS: 70/70/80 mg·m(2)/day, every 3 weeks), namely one grade 3 infection and one grade 3 hyperbilirubinemia, establishing this as the MTD. Of 12 patients treated at dose level 6 (TPS: 70/70/60 mg·m(2)/day, every 3 weeks), 2 DLTs were seen. Six achieved a complete response and 22 a partial response, giving a response rate of 70%. CONCLUSIONS: TPS was well tolerated. The recommended phase II dose as induction chemotherapy for locally advanced HNC was determined as 70/70/60 mg·m(2)/day every 3 weeks. Antitumor activity was highly promising and warrants further investigation.

Impact of hemoglobin level on survival in definitive chemoradiotherapy for T4/M1 lymph node esophageal cancer.

We retrospectively investigated the impact of the pre-chemoradiotherapy hemoglobin level (pre-CRT Hb level) for T4 and/or M1 lymph node (LYM) squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. Chemotherapy consisted of protracted infusion with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) at 400 mg/m(2)/day on days 1-5 and 8-12, combined with cisplatin at 40 mg/m(2)/day on days 1 and 8, repeated twice at a 5-week interval. Concurrent radiation therapy was started on day 1 and delivered at 2 Gy/day for five days a week for a total radiation dose of 60 Gy, with a two-week break after a cumulative dose of 30 Gy. Several factors considered to be related with treatment outcome were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analysis. A total of 48 patients with T4/M1 LYM (lymphocyte) esophageal cancer treated with chemoradiotherapy (CRT) between September 2002 and April 2005 were enrolled. The complete response rate to this regimen was 44% and median survival time was 13.6 months, with a median follow-up period of 26.8 months. Median pre-CRT Hb level was 13.5 (10.4-15.3) g/dL. The CR rate in patients with a pre-CRT Hb level of 13 g/dL or less was only 24% but it was 60% in those with a level that was more than 13 g/dL (P=0.01). As for survival, anovarevealed that a pre-CRT Hb of 13 g/dL or less was a significant prognostic factor with a hazard ratio of 0.45 (95% confidence interval [CI]); 0.21-0.97, P=0.04), while on manova, including performance status, tumor size, TNM stage and pre-CRT Hb level, a pre-CRT Hb level of 13 g/dL or less was the only significant prognostic factor, with a hazard ratio of 0.35 (95% CI; 0.13-0.90, P=0.03). In conclusion, the pre-CRT Hb level may be an important determinant of outcome in patients with T4/M1 LYM squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus.

Initial daily interferon administration can gain more eradication of HCV-RNA in patients with chronic hepatitis C, especially with serum intermediate viral load.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: We studied the effect of initial daily administration of interferon for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C, especially in patients with intermediate viral load. METHODOLOGY: Consecutive patients who met the inclusion criteria were randomly enrolled into two groups in this study. All patients analyzed could be treated with interferon-alpha for 6 months. Patients in group A were administered 6 million units of interferon-alpha subcutaneously daily initially for 2 weeks and then thrice weekly. Patients in group B were treated with the same dose of interferon-alpha thrice weekly from the first administration. We decided the criteria of complete remission as the absence of serum HCV-RNA at both points of the end of interferon treatment and 6 months later. RESULTS: Due to the relationship between the efficacy and serum viral load, we decided the criteria of the intermediate load as the quantitative value of serum HCV-RNA to be not lower than 10(5.0) and not higher than 10(6.5) copies/ml. Seventy-six and 78 patients, whose genotype and quantitative value of serum HCV-RNA could be measured before treatment, were analyzed in group A and B, respectively. The rate of complete remission in group A (40.8%) was higher than that in group B (25.6%), significantly (p = 0.046). In the intermediate viral load group, the rate of complete remission in group A (52.3%) was significantly higher than that in group B (29.3%) (p = 0.045). In the patients with genotype 1 b virus, the rate of complete remission had a tendency to be higher in group A (33.3%) than in group B (17.4%) (not significant). In the patients with genotype 2, the rate of complete remission was higher in group A (77.8%) than in group B (41.2%) (significant, p = 0.041). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the initial daily interferon administration is necessary to gain a higher rate of serum HCV-RNA eradication in patients with intermediate viral load in chronic hepatitis C.

The importance of initial daily administration of interferon alpha for the eradication of hepatitis C virus in patients with chronic hepatitis C: a multicenter randomized trial.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: We studied the effect of initial daily administration of interferon for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C, to clarify a more effective treatment protocol for the eradication of the hepatitis C virus. METHODOLOGY: Consecutive patients who met the inclusion criteria were randomly enrolled in two groups in this study. One hundred and five patients were randomized and assigned to two groups. Patients, who enrolled in group A, were treated with 6 million units of natural interferon-alpha given subcutaneously daily for an initial two weeks and then thrice a week for 22 weeks. Patients, who were enrolled in group B, were treated with the same dose of interferon-alpha given for 26 weeks thrice a week from the first administration. RESULTS: In groups A and B, 58 and 47 patients were analyzed, respectively. At the end of treatment, 37 patients in group A (63.8%) had negative serum HCV-RNA test, compared with 26 in group B (55.3%), but at 6 months after discontinuation of interferon administration, 27 patients in group A (46.6%), compared with 8 in group B (21.3%). The rate of complete remission in group A (46.6%) was higher than that in group B (21.3%) (P<0.01). In patients with genotype 1b virus, the rate of complete remission was higher in group A (31.3%) than in group B (12.5%) (not significantly), and the relapse rate was lower in group A (9.4%) than in group B (37.5%), significantly (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that initial daily interferon administration is necessary to gain a higher rate of serum HCV-RNA eradication in patients with chronic hepatitis C.

Pancreatic pleural fistula: demonstration by computed tomography after endoscopic retrograde pancreatography.

A case of chronic pancreatic pleural effusions is reported. The effusions were massive in the right chest at first and became bilateral. Endoscopic retrograde pancreatography showed a pancreatic pleural fistula toward the diaphragm. Computed tomography after endoscopic retrograde pancreatography revealed the entire course of the fistula and a mediastinal pseudocyst. Computed tomography and the operative fistulogram did not show immediate leakage of the contrast medium from the mediastinal pseudocyst.