Multi-scale time-resolved electron diffraction: A case study in moiré materials.

Ultrafast-optical-pump - structural-probe measurements, including ultrafast electron and x-ray scattering, provide direct experimental access to the fundamental timescales of atomic motion, and are thus foundational techniques for studying matter out of equilibrium. High-performance detectors are needed in scattering experiments to obtain maximum scientific value from every probe particle. We deploy a hybrid pixel array direct electron detector to perform ultrafast electron diffraction experiments on a WSe2/MoSe2 2D heterobilayer, resolving the weak features of diffuse scattering and moiré superlattice structure without saturating the zero order peak. Enabled by the detector's high frame rate, we show that a chopping technique provides diffraction difference images with signal-to-noise at the shot noise limit. Finally, we demonstrate that a fast detector frame rate coupled with a high repetition rate probe can provide continuous time resolution from femtoseconds to seconds, enabling us to perform a scanning ultrafast electron diffraction experiment that maps thermal transport in WSe2/MoSe2 and resolves distinct diffusion mechanisms in space and time.

Antibacterial activity and mechanism of chloroform fraction from aqueous extract of mugwort leaves (Artemisia argyi L.) against Staphylococcus aureus.

In this work, the antibacterial activity and mechanism of chloroform fraction obtained from aqueous extract of mugwort leaves against Staphylococcus aureus were investigated. The extract showed obvious antibacterial activity against S. aureus which the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration were determined to be 3·0 and 6·0 mg ml-1 respectively. The mechanism study suggested that the extract could destroy the integrity of the S. aureus cell walls and increase the permeability of cell membrane in a certain concentration, but it could not kill S. aureus in a short time. Instead, the extract could make bacteria in a state of apoptosis for a long time, interfere with the normal physiological metabolism of bacteria, and eventually make bacteria die, which was confirm by scanning electronic microscope.

[Progress in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of hepatic vascular diseases].

The liver has a very special dual blood supply, including the portal vein (65%~75%) and hepatic artery (25%~35%). The hepatic veins returns blood to the systemic circulation via the portal vein, and hepatic artery after hepatic sinusoidal confluence. The lesions on the hepatic vein and its branches can cause ischemia and hypoxia or obstruction of the drainage system, portal hypertension, upper gastrointestinal variceal bleeding, hepatic encephalopathy, and so on. Clinically, hepatic vascular diseases are relatively rare, so the diagnosis and treatment are relatively difficult. Herein, we review the diseases related to the hepatic vascular system.

[Correlation of health literacy and mobile phone use dependence with psychopathological symptoms in middle school students].

Objective: To explore the correlation of health literacy and mobile phone use dependence with psychopathological symptoms in middle school students. Methods: 22 628 middle school students in Shenyang, Bengbu, Xinxiang, Ulanqab, Chongqing and Yangjiang were enrolled by multistage cluster sampling method from November 2015 to January 2016. Chinese Adolescent Interactive Health Literacy Questionnaire (CAIHLQ), Self-rating Questionnaire for Adolescent Problematic Mobile Phone Use (SQAPMPU) and Multidimensional Sub-health Questionnaire of Adolescents (MSQA) were applied to acquire basic characteristics, health literacy, mobile phone use dependence and psychopathological symptoms of subjects. Subjects were classified into three groups, low level (P(75)), according to the percentile of the questionnaire score. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the correlation of health literacy, mobile phone with psychopathological symptoms. Results: The students were (15.4±1.8) years old with 10 990 boys (48.6%). The score of health literacy of students were (104.1±18.7) points. The rate of mobile phone use dependence was 25.4% (5 752/22 628) and the rate of psychopathological symptoms was 29.1% (6 581/22 628). Compared with high health literacy level, medium and low health literacy levels were related to psychopathological symptoms, with OR (95%CI) about 2.30 (2.10-2.52) and 5.40 (4.89-5.97), respectively. Compared with mobile phone use independence, mobile phone use dependence was related to psychopathological symptoms, with OR (95%CI) about 3.60(3.37-3.85). The highest rate of psychopathological symptoms occurred in students with mobile phone use dependence and low health literacy level [68.0% (1 345/1 977)], with OR (95%CI) about 19.59 (17.07-22.48). Conclusion: Health literacy and mobile phone use dependence are related factors of psychopathological symptoms in middle school students.

[Interactive effects between health literacy and mobile phone dependence as well as its relation with unintentional injuries in middle school students].

Objective: To investigate the interaction between health literacy, mobile phone dependence and unintentional injuries in middle school students, and to provide guidance for prevention on unintentional injuries in adolescents. Methods: From November 2015 to January 2016, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 22 628 middle school students in Shenyang of Liaoning province, Bengbu of Anhui province, Xinxiang of Henan province, Ulanqab of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Chongqing and Yangjiang of Guangdong province. Chinese Adolescent Interactive Health Literacy Questionnaire (CAIHLQ), Self-rating Questionnaire for Adolescent Problematic Mobile Phone Use (SQAPMPU), and Unintentional Injuries Assessment Scale and demographic variables were used to measure the health literacy, mobile phone dependence and unintentional injuries among the Chinese middle school students. Results: The detection rates of mobile phone dependence and unintentional injuries were 25.4% and 46.7%, respectively. The rates of unintentional injuries of middle school students with mobile phone dependence and with low, medium and high health literacy were 53.6%, 44.4% and 48.8%, 48.1%, 41.7%. Factors as mobile phone dependence, low and middle health literacy were positively related to unintentional injuries (OR=1.452, 1.196, 1.364). However, the multiplicative interaction between mobile phone dependence and health literacy on unintentional injuries was noticed significant (OR=1.217, 95%CI: 1.041-1.422). Conclusions: Our results showed that the prevalence of unintentional injuries was relatively high in middle school students. Health literacy and mobile phone dependence seemed related to unintentional injuries. Interaction between health literacy and mobile phone dependence on unintentional injuries appeared significant.

MiR-99a suppress proliferation, migration and invasion through regulating insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor in breast cancer.

OBJECTIVE: Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in women. Despite the advances made in treatments of breast cancer, the incidence and death rates of breast cancer are still on the rise. Therefore, it is essential for us to explore the potential mechanism accounting for the malignancy of breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A lentiviral vector over-expressing miR-99a in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells was constructed. Cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay. Migration and invasion were measured by Scratch-wound assay and transwell assay. Direct target of miR-99a in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells was examined using bioinformatics and luciferase assay. The expression of endogenous insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor was quantified by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. RESULTS: In our study, we found that miR-99a could suppress the proliferation, migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cell in vitro and inhibited the growth of xeno-transplant tumor in vivo. We also found that insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) was a direct target of miR-99a. Furthermore, knockdown of endogenous IGF-1R by siRNA could mimic the effect of miR-99a over-expression. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrated that miR-99a could inhibit the malignancy of breast cancer cell by directly down-regulation of IGF-1R. These results indicated that miR-99a may be an important biomarker for prognosis and anticancer therapy in breast cancer in the future.

Tramadol inhibits proliferation, migration and invasion via α2-adrenoceptor signaling in breast cancer cells.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the function of tramadol on cell proliferation, migration and invasion in breast cancer cells in vitro, and to evaluate the effect of tramadol in vivo. Further, we explore the mechanism accounting for the role of tramadol on breast cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cell proliferation was detected by the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. Wound healing assay and transwell assay was applied to quantify the migration and invasion ability of MDA-MB-231 cells. The expression of endogenous α2-adrenoceptor and ERK was measured by Western blotting. RESULTS: Tramadol at a clinical dose of up to 2 µM significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion in a time-dependent manner from day 0 to 28 in vitro. Moreover, tramadol suppressed the growth of xenotransplant tumor in vivo markedly. Furthermore, the protein levels of α2-adrenoceptor and phosphorylated ERK were decreased by tramadol, whereas the expression of total ERK remained unchanged. In addition, downregulation of α2-adrenoceptor by yohimbine could mimic the effect of tramadol treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, we demonstrated that tramadol could inhibit proliferation, migration and invasion of breast cancers via inactivating α2-adrenoceptor signaling pathway. Our data provide the experimental fundamental for further investigation of the anti-cancer effect of tramadol in breast cancer cells.