RESUMEN
Chemokines are critical molecules involved in immune reaction and immune system homeostasis, and some chemokines play a role in antiviral immunity. It is not known if the C-C motif chemokine ligand 3 (CCL3), a member of the CC chemokine family, possesses antiviral properties in fish. In this study, a ccl3 was cloned from the mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi), and it has an open reading frame (ORF) of 276 base pairs, which are predicted to encode a 91-amino acid peptide. Mandarin fish CCL3 revealed conserved sequence features with four cysteine residues and closely relationships with the CCL3s from other vertebrates based on the sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis. The transcripts of ccl3 were notably enriched in immune-related organs, such as spleen and gills in healthy mandarin fish, and the ccl3 was induced in the isolated mandarin fish brain (MFB) cells following infection with infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV). Moreover, in MFB cells, overexpression of CCL3 induced immune factors, such as IL1ß, TNFα, MX, IRF1 and IFNh, and exhibited antiviral activity against ISKNV. This study sheds light on the immune role of CCL3 in immune response of mandarin fish, and its antiviral defense mechanism is of interest for further investigation.
Asunto(s)
Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Infecciones por Virus ADN , Enfermedades de los Peces , Proteínas de Peces , Inmunidad Innata , Iridoviridae , Perciformes , Filogenia , Alineación de Secuencia , Animales , Proteínas de Peces/genética , Proteínas de Peces/inmunología , Proteínas de Peces/química , Enfermedades de los Peces/inmunología , Enfermedades de los Peces/virología , Perciformes/inmunología , Perciformes/genética , Infecciones por Virus ADN/inmunología , Infecciones por Virus ADN/veterinaria , Iridoviridae/fisiología , Alineación de Secuencia/veterinaria , Inmunidad Innata/genética , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/inmunología , Quimiocina CCL3/genética , Quimiocina CCL3/inmunología , Clonación Molecular , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica/veterinaria , Secuencia de BasesRESUMEN
BACKGROUND/AIMS: This study compared the effectiveness and safety of endoscopic nasobiliary drainage(ENBD) to percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage(PTBD) for the treatment of acute obstructive suppurative cholangitis (AOSC). METHODOLOGY: AOSC patients were assigned to undergo either ENBD (n=22) or PTBD(n=15). RESULTS: In the ENBD group, the procedure was successfully completed in 19 patients (86.4%), where- as it was converted to PTBD in 3 patients (13.6%) due to the failure of antegrade cholangiography. All the patients in the PTBD group underwent first- or second-look PTBD successfully. CONCLUSIONS: ENBD is effective for the treatment of AOSC, facilitating subsequent endoscopic or surgical intervention. PTBD is an effective and safe alternative to ENBD in patients unsuitable for ENBD.
