MiR-421 mediates PM2.5-induced endothelial dysfunction via crosstalk between bronchial epithelial and endothelial cells.

OBJECTIVE: PM2.5 is closely linked to vascular endothelial injury and has emerged as a major threat to human health. Our previous research indicated that exposure to PM2.5 induced an increased release of miR-421 from the bronchial epithelium. However, the role of miR-421 in PM2.5-induced endothelial injury remains elusive. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We utilized a subacute PM2.5-exposure model in mice in vivo and an acute injury cell model in vitro to simulate PM2.5-associated endothelial injury. We also used quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blot, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and immunohistochemistry to investigate the role of miR-421 in PM2.5-induced endothelial injury. RESULTS: Our findings reveal that inhibition of miR-421 attenuated PM2.5-induced endothelial injury and hypertension. Mechanistically, miR-421 inhibited the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells and upregulated the expression of the downstream molecule inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), thereby exacerbating PM2.5-induced endothelial injury. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that PM2.5 exposure facilitates crosstalk between bronchial epithelial and endothelial cells via miR-421/ACE2/iNOS signaling pathway, mediating endothelial damage and hypertension. MiR-421 inhibition may offer a new strategy for the prevention and treatment of PM2.5-induced vascular endothelial injury.

Case report: regression of aspiration pneumonitis after nasal endoscopic repair of traumatic cerebrospinal fluid nasal leak.

Aspiration pneumonitis is an inflammatory lung disease caused by the inhalation of oropharyngeal secretions colonized by pathogenic bacteria. Accurate diagnosis of aspiration pneumonitis can be challenging, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea is often overlooked as a rare cause of aspiration. In this case report, we present the case of a 48-year-old male patient who experienced right-sided nasal flow of clear watery secretions for 6 months, accompanied by a dry cough as the major symptom. Through comprehensive assessment of clinical symptoms, sinus imaging, nasal endoscopy, and relevant laboratory testing, a presumptive diagnosis of traumatic cribriform plate fracture with CSF rhinorrhea was made. Chest imaging revealed flocculent ground glass shadows in the bilateral lungs. After ruling out viral pneumonia, nasal endoscopic repair of the skull base defect was performed. The patient's dry cough and rhinorrhea symptoms resolved within 1 week after surgery, and the pneumonia showed significant improvement and complete resolution within 2 weeks postoperatively. Despite the absence of characteristic symptoms and evident inhalation factors, chronic CSF rhinorrhea caused by the cribriform plate fracture was ultimately identified as the primary etiology of the patient's aspiration pneumonitis. This rare case highlights the importance of considering traumatic CSF rhinorrhea as an uncommon cause of aspiration, which can enhance physicians' awareness and focus on the less-common etiologies of aspiration. Such awareness can contribute to more accurate diagnosis and early operative intervention, particularly in the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.

Unveiling the knowledge domain and emerging trends of olfactory dysfunction with depression or anxiety: A bibliometrics study.

Olfactory dysfunction (OD) accompanied by depression or anxiety is a very common clinical problem, and there has been a growing number of studies on OD with depression or anxiety in recent decades. This study performed bibliometric and visual analyses of the literature on OD with depression or anxiety to derive research trends and identify emerging research foci. Relevant publications were obtained from the Science Citation Index-Expanded and Social Sciences Citation Index in the Web of Science Core Collection databases (2002-2021). CiteSpace and VOSviewer were applied to identify and evaluate research foci and emerging trends in this research domain. The analyses found that the number of publications related to OD with depression or anxiety has increased significantly over the past 20 years, up from 15 in 2002 to 114 in 2022. The country that ranked highest in the number of articles and international cooperation was the United States. The top 10 most frequent keywords were "depression," "olfaction," "anxiety," "dysfunction," "olfactory bulbectomy," "olfactory dysfunction," "Parkinson's disease," "odor identification," "brain," and "disorders." Analysis of keywords with the strongest citation bursts revealed that "oxidative stress" is an emerging research hotspot. A timeline chart of the cluster of co-cited references demonstrated that Parkinson's disease was always a topic of interest in this area of research. This study conducted an objective, comprehensive, and systematic analysis of these publications, and identified the development of trends and hotspots in this research domain. It is hoped that this work will provide scholars, worldwide, with information to assist them in further research and the development of new therapies.

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors and reduced-dose chemotherapy for adult Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Objectives: To compare the outcomes of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in combination with reduced-dose chemotherapy with those of standard induction chemotherapy, as well as the outcomes between chemotherapy and transplantation, in adults with Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ ALL).Methods: We retrospectively reviewed cases of Ph+ ALL treated with TKIs and combination chemotherapy. The patients were allocated to either the TKIs with reduced-dose chemotherapy group or the TKIs with standard chemotherapy group. In additions, patients were further stratified into either the transplant group or the non-transplant group.Results: The complete remission rate (88.7% vs. 83.9%, p = 0.372), major molecular response (58.9% vs. 56.0%, p = 0.750), molecular complete response (20.5% vs. 22.0%, p = 0.891), and early mortality rate (3.2% vs. 3.5%, p = 0.922) were similar between the TKIs with reduced-dose chemotherapy group and the TKIs with standard chemotherapy group. The proportions of lung infections, bloodstream infections, patients with >21 days of hospitalization, the total costs, transfusion costs, and antimicrobial costs were higher in the standard chemotherapy group than in the TKIs with reduced-dose chemotherapy group. The 3-year overall survival rates (59.0% [95% CI, 46.6-74.7%] vs. 38.4% [95% CI, 29.9-49.4%]) and disease-free survival rates (48.6% [95% CI, 34.2-69.1%] vs. 32.0% [95% CI, 23.5-43.7%]) were significantly better in the transplant group than in the non-transplant group.Conclusion: An induction regimen combining TKIs with reduced-dose chemotherapy and transplantation during the first complete remission remains a suitable and effective option for patients with Ph+ ALL.

Emerging trends and research foci in allergic rhinitis immunotherapy from 2002 to 2021: a bibliometric and visualized study.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Research on allergic rhinitis (AR) immunotherapy has increased in recent decades. This study conducted a bibliometric and visualization analysis of studies related to AR immunotherapy to identify research trends and highlight current research foci. METHODS: Relevant original publications were obtained from the Science Citation Index-Expanded and Social Sciences Citation Index in the Web of Science Core Collection databases between 2002 and 2021. CiteSpace and VOSviewer software were used to identify and analyze the research foci and emerging trends in the field of AR immunotherapy. RESULTS: Over the last two decades, the number of publications related to AR immunotherapy has increased markedly. With regard to publications and access to collaborative networks, the leading country was the USA. Inspection of keyword bursts suggested that "subcutaneous immunotherapy", "quality of life", "prevalence", "rhino-conjunctivitis", and "mechanism" are emerging research hotspots. The timeline of the co-cited references cluster diagram revealed that the mechanism of allergen immunotherapy has emerged as a main topic in AR immunotherapy. CONCLUSION: Over the past 20 years, scholars have significantly improved their understanding of AR immunotherapy. The current research hotspots of AR immunotherapy in the health promotion domain lie in "subcutaneous immunotherapy", "quality of life", and "rhino-conjunctivitis". In addition, the mechanism of allergen immunotherapy has emerged as a frontier and focus of this field.

Diversity of Astrovirus in Goats in Southwest China and Identification of Two Novel Caprine Astroviruses.

A total of 232 goat fecal samples (124 diarrheic and 108 nondiarrheic) collected from 12 farms in Southwest China were tested for astrovirus using RT-PCR. A total of 16.9% (21/124) of diarrheic and 20.4% (22/108) of nondiarrheic samples were astrovirus-positive, and no statistical difference was found in the detection rate between healthy and sick goats. Furthermore, 28 obtained complete ORF2 sequences could be classified into six genotypes according to the species classification criteria of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). It is worth noting that, in addition to four known caprine astrovirus genotypes (MAstV-33, MAstV-34, Caprine Astrovirus G5.1, and Caprine Astrovirus G3.1), MAstV-13 and MAstV-24 genotypes were identified in goats. Interestingly, five of 19 ORF2 sequences in the Caprine Astrovirus G3.1 genotype showed possible intragenotypic recombination events. Furthermore, nearly complete caprine astrovirus genomes of MAstV-13 and MAstV-24 genotypes were obtained. The genome of the SWUN/ECJK3/2021 strain shared the highest similarity (62.0% to 73.9%) with astrovirus in MAstV-13, and clustered in the so-called human-mink-ovine (HMO) clade, which contained the majority of the neurotropic astrovirus strains. Moreover, the SWUN/LJK2-2/2020 strain showed the highest similarity (69.7% to 78.6%) and the closest genetic relationship to the known porcine and bovine astroviruses in MAstV-24. In conclusion, this study confirmed six genotypes of astrovirus circulating among goats in Southwest China, including MAstV-13 and MAstV-24 genotypes. These findings enhance our knowledge of the prevalence and diversity of astroviruses. IMPORTANCE Caprine astrovirus is a newly emerging virus, and information regarding its prevalence and molecular characteristics remains limited. In this study, six genotypes of astrovirus, including MAstV-13 and MAstV-24, were identified in goats, adding two novel caprine astrovirus genotypes to the four previously known genotypes, thereby enriching the diversity of the caprine astrovirus. Moreover, genomes of MAstV-13 SWUN/ECJK3/2021 and MAstV-24 SWUN/LJK2-2/2020 strains were obtained from goats, which aids in the understanding of the infection spectrum and host range of the two genotypes. This study is the first to demonstrate the presence of neurotropic-like astrovirus (MAstV-13) in goats, which has significant implications for the diagnosis of neurological diseases in goats.

Developments and Emerging Trends in the Global Treatment of Chronic Rhinosinusitis From 2001 to 2020: A Systematic Bibliometric Analysis.

Background: Research on the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) has increased in recent decades. We undertook a bibliometric and visualization analysis of studies on CRS treatment to track research trends and highlight current research "hotspots". Methods: Original publications related to CRS treatment were obtained from the Science Citation Index-Expanded (SCI-E) and Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) databases in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) of Clarivate Analytics between 2001 and 2020. The country/region, institution, author, journal, references, and keywords involved in this topic were extracted using CiteSpace and VOSviewer to identify and analyze the research focus and trends in this field. Results: In the previous two decades (especially after 2015), the number of publications on CRS treatment has grown markedly. With regard to publications and access to collaborative networks, the leading country was the USA. High-frequency keywords were "CRS," "endoscopic sinus surgery," "sinusitis," "nasal polyps," "asthma," "rhinosinusitis," "management," "diagnosis," "outcomes," and "quality of life." Inspection of keyword bursts suggested that "clinical practice guideline," "adult CRS," "innate lymphoid cell," "recurrence," and "mepolizumab" are the emerging research hotspots. The timeline view of the cluster map revealed that biologic agents have become an up-and-coming "hot topic" in CRS treatment in recent years. Conclusion: Academic understanding of CRS treatment has improved markedly over the past 20 years. We study analyzed the papers objectively, methodically, and comprehensively, and identified hotspots and prospective trends in the field of CRS treatment. These results will aid rhinologists in gaining greater insight into CRS treatment strategies and identifying the changing dynamics of CRS research.

Worldwide Tinnitus Research: A Bibliometric Analysis of the Published Literature Between 2001 and 2020.

BACKGROUND: In recent years, tinnitus has attracted increasing research interest. However, bibliometric analysis of global research on tinnitus is rare. The objective of this study was to identify and describe the foci and developing trends of tinnitus research using a bibliometric approach. METHODS: Publications related to tinnitus published from 2001 to 2020 were searched for in the Science Citation Index-Expanded (SCI-E) and Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) databases in the Web of Science Core Collection of Clarivate Analytics. The bibliometric approach was used to estimate the searched data, and VOSviewer and CiteSpace software were used to identify and analyze research foci and trends in the field of tinnitus. RESULTS: A total of 5,748 articles were included. The number of publications on tinnitus has increased dramatically in the last 20 years, especially since 2010. The leading country in terms of publications and access to collaborative networks was the United States. High-frequency keywords included tinnitus, hearing loss, prevalence, management, depression, mechanism, vertigo, hearing, inferior colliculus, and noise. The analyses of keyword burst detection indicated that prevalence, anxiety, and neural network are emerging research hotspots. CONCLUSION: In the past 20 years, academic understanding of tinnitus has improved considerably. This study provides an objective, systematic, and comprehensive analysis of tinnitus-related literature. Furthermore, current hot spots and prospective trends in the field of tinnitus were identified. These results will assist otolaryngologists and audiologists in identifying the evolving dynamics of tinnitus research and highlight areas for prospective research.

Family-Wide Evaluation of Multiple C2 Domain and Transmembrane Region Protein in Gossypium hirsutum.

Multiple C2 domain and transmembrane region proteins (MCTPs) are a group of evolutionarily conserved proteins and show emerging roles in mediating protein trafficking and signaling transduction. Although, several studies showed that MCTPs play important roles during plant growth and development, their biological functions in cotton remain largely unknown. Here, we identify and characterize 33 GhMCTP genes from upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) and reveal the diverse expression patterns of GhMCTPs in various tissues. We also find that GhMCTP7, GhMCTP12, and GhMCTP17 are highly expressed in the main stem apex, suggesting their possible roles in shoot development. Through analyzing different cotton species, we discover plant heights are closely related to the expression levels of GhMCTP7, GhMCTP12, and GhMCTP17. Furthermore, we silence the expression of GhMCTP genes using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) system in cotton and find that GhMCTP7, GhMCTP12, and GhMCTP17 play an essential role in shoot meristem development. GhMCTPs interact with GhKNAT1 and GhKNAT2 and regulate meristem development through integrating multiple signal pathways. Taken together, our results demonstrate functional redundancy of GhMCTPs in cotton shoot meristem development and provide a valuable resource to further study various functions of GhMCTPs in plant growth and development.

Identification of a novel astrovirus in goats in China.

In this study, a total of 143 fecal samples (107 diarrheic and 36 non-diarrheic) were collected from 11 goat farms in southwest China, and 3.7% of diarrheic and 8.3% of non-diarrheic samples were detected as astrovirus-positive by RT-PCR. A nearly complete astrovirus genomic sequence (SWUN/F4/2019) of 6278 nucleotides (nt), which contained a 6186 bp open reading frame, was successfully obtained. The genome of strain SWUN/F4/2019 shared the highest nt identity (77.0%) and the closest genetic relationship with CapAstV-G5.1. It is worth noting that in the nonstructural protein 1ab, strain SWUN/F4/2019 shared the highest amino acid (aa) identity (93.8%) with strain CapAstV-G5.1; however, its capsid protein shared the highest aa identity (72.7%) with the Sichuan takin astrovirus strain LLT03 and only shared 23.1-64.8% aa identities with all available ovine and caprine astrovirus strains. Interestingly, a region recombination event was predicted in the ORF2 gene of strain SWUN/F4/2019, with CapAstV-G5.1 as the putative major parental strain and CcAstV/roe_deer/SLO/D5-14/2014 as the possible minor parental strain. According to the species classification criteria of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), SWUN/F4/2019 may represent a novel astrovirus in goats. To our knowledge, this is the first detection of astrovirus in goats in China and a novel astrovirus strain was identified in goats. These findings increase the understanding of the epidemic and the genetic evolution of astroviruses.