Long-term co-circulation of multiple influenza A viruses in pigs, Guangxi, China.

Influenza A viruses (IAVs) pose a persistent potential threat to human health because of the spillover from avian and swine infections. Extensive surveillance was performed in 12 cities of Guangxi, China, during 2018 and 2023. A total of 2540 samples (including 2353 nasal swabs and 187 lung tissues) were collected from 18 pig farms with outbreaks of respiratory disease. From these, 192 IAV-positive samples and 19 genomic sequences were obtained. We found that the H1 and H3 swine influenza A viruses (swIAVs) of multiple lineages and genotypes have continued to co-circulate during that time in this region. Genomic analysis revealed the Eurasian avian-like H1N1 swIAVs (G4) still remained predominant in pig populations. Strikingly, the novel multiple H3N2 genotypes were found to have been generated through the repeated introduction of the early H3N2 North American triple reassortant viruses (TR H3N2 lineage) that emerged in USA and Canada in 1998 and 2005, respectively. Notably, when the matrix gene segment derived from the H9N2 avian influenza virus was introduced into endemic swIAVs, this produced a novel quadruple reassortant H1N2 swIAV that could pose a potential risk for zoonotic infection.

Treatment of Sweat gland carcinoma with Topical Aminolevulinic Acid Photodynamic therapy: An effective treatment method to improve surgical outcomes.

BACKGROUND: Sweat gland carcinoma is an extremely rare skin cancer, which is hard to diagnose and completely resect without causing functional and cosmetic problems. Moreover, the high rate of recurrence is hard to handle in the treatment of sweat gland carcinoma. Photodynamic therapy is a novel treatment protocol which can selectively destroy tumor cells with good functional and cosmetic outcomes. METHODS: This is a case about a 53 years old patient with sweat gland carcinoma on his right foot, which received surgery and photodynamic therapy. RESULTS: There is no recurrence one year after treatment of surgery and photodynamic therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Excision combined with photodynamic therapy during operation is a promising strategy towards tumors which are hard to resect thoroughly and have a high risk of recurrence.

[Simultaneous determination of berberine, palmatine, matrine, catechin and baicalin in Funing Shuan by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry].

A method for the simultaneous determination of berberine, palmatine, matrine, catechin and baicalin in Funing Shuan was established using micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (MEKC-ESI MS). The compounds were separated on an uncoated capillary (80 cm x 50 microm) with the operating voltage of 25 kV and the running buffer of 40 mmol/L lauric acid-100 mmol/L ammonia mixture containing 25% acetonitrile (pH 9.5). The baseline separation of the five compounds was achieved within 16 min with a satisfactory repeatability and sensitivity. The solution of 50% 2-propanol/water solution (containing 3 mmol/L acetic acid) was used as the sheath liquid for the ESI MS analysis. The results showed that the linear ranges for berberine, palmatine, matrine, catechin and baicalin were 0.03 - 15, 0.05 - 15, 0.2 - 250, 1.5 - 300 and 2.0 - 500 mg/L, respectively, and the detection limits were 0.01, 0.02, 0.05, 0.5 and 0.6 mg/L, respectively. The average recoveries of the five components were between 94.0% - 104.0% with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 0.3% - 3.2%. The developed method is simple, rapid, and accurate, and it is suitable for the routine analysis of the five effective components in Funing Shuan.