Transient changes in thyroid functions tests after zoledronic acid infusion.

Zoledronic acid (ZA) induces an acute phase response in association with elevation of serum cytokines, which possibly alter the 3 types of iodothyronine deiodinase activity. We therefore studied the possible alteration in thyroid function tests by ZA. We investigated the acute changes in serum thyroid hormones, TSH, cortisol, white blood cells, CRP, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), before (0) and 1, 2 and 3 days after iv infusion of 5 mg ZA in 24 asymptomatic postmenopausal women with osteoporosis (ZA group) in comparison with a placebo group. In the majority of patients the ZA infusion was associated with acute phase response and fever within 24h after infusion which became attenuated on day three. Concurrently with increase in serum cortisol, CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α, on day 1 and 2, total serum T3 (TT3), free T3 (fT3), total T4 (TT4) and fT4 decreased with a nadir on day 2 in association with an increase in the fT4/fT3 ratio and reverse T3 (rT3) levels. All thyroid function changes returned to the baseline levels on day 3, with cytokines still at higher levels, although lower than those on day 2. Serum TSH remained essentially unchanged throughout the study. The changes in thyroid hormones were at least in part explained by the increased TNF-α, but not by IL-6. ZA induces short term changes in thyroid hormones, characteristic of nonthyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS), in association with an increase in TNF-α and IL-6.

Changes in risk factors and Tumor Node Metastasis stage of sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma over 41 years, before and after the routine measurements of serum calcitonin.

The measurement of serum calcitonin (CT) in all thyroid nodules for the detection of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is controversial. We compare several prognostic factors, Tumor Node Metastasis (TNM) stage, and survival in sporadic MTC patients operated on before and after the use of routine measurements of serum CT in combination with thyroid ultrasonography (US). Thirty-seven patients had been operated on between 1969 and 1989 (group I), before the use of routine measurements of serum CT and the routine use of thyroid US, and 39 (group II) had been operated on between 1990 and 2009, after the introduction of routine use of serum CT and thyroid US. There were no between-group differences concerning age and sex. Group I had larger tumors at the time of operation (P < .001) and higher postoperative serum CT levels (P < .001). Cervical lymph node and distant metastases were found more frequently in group I in comparison with group II. The cases with TNM stage I were significantly higher in group II than in group I, in contrast with the cases with TNM stage IV that were significantly higher in group I. Univariate analysis revealed a significantly higher 15-year survival rate in group II than in group I (P = .002). The postoperative CT levels were positively correlated with tumor size (P < .001). During the last 2 decades, the diagnosis of sporadic MTC at an earlier stage has been made possible by the routine use of serum CT in combination with thyroid US. The significant increase of the 15-year survival rate shows better outcome in these patients.

The potential role of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP) in breast carcinogenesis and its correlation with 99mTc-(V)DMSA scintimammography.

OBJECTIVES: Experimental data suggest a role for calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in normal breast development and angiogenesis. This pilot study correlated CGRP with neoangiogenesis and the uptake of the tumor-seeking, proliferation-imaging radiotracer pentavalent technetium-99m dimercaptosuccinate (99mTc-(V)DMSA) in invasive and preinvesive breast lesions. METHODS: Among women evaluated preoperatively by 99mTc-(V)DMSA scintimammography, 29 invasive ductal carcinomas (IDCs) were retrospectively studied: 15 isolated (Group I); 14 mixed with preinvasive pathologies (ductal carcinoma in situ [DCIS] and/or epithelial hyperplasia [EH]; Group M). CGRP staining and neoangiogenesis were compared between invasive and DCIS/EH regions and were correlated. 99mTc-(V)DMSA displayed a diffusely increased uptake pattern corresponding to DCIS/EH; its lesion-to-background (L/B) ratio was compared between images acquired at 10 and 60 minutes and its retention ratio (RR) was correlated with CGRP. RESULTS: Seven of 15 group I and 10 of 14 group M patients (58.6% of the population) were CGRP-positive. CGRP was prevalent in the DCIS/EH component of mixed-lesions (even in the surrounding normal epithelium of nearly half), with declining intensity as advancing from DCIS/EH to high-grade IDC. Similarly, neoangiogenesis was considerably higher in DCIS/EH than in group I pure IDCs. A significant CGRP-neoangiogenesis correlation was verified only in group I. The diffuse 99mTc-(V)DMSA uptake exhibited significant, time-related L/B increase and a RR positively correlating with CGRP. CONCLUSIONS: CGRP expression and neoangiogenesis are intensified in mixed invasive-preinvasive breast lesions; an underlying relation may exist, requiring further investigation. CGRP also appears associated with 99mTc-(V)DMSA's propensity to depict preinvasive pathologies. This relationship could denote an additional proliferative role for CGRP.

Is hybridic positron emission tomography/computerized tomography the only option? The future of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging.

As we all know, Nuclear Medicine is the medical science using nuclear radiation for diagnosis, treatment and research. Nuclear Medicine, in contrast to Radiology, makes use of unsealed sources of radiation. Nuclear Medicine a few years ago has partly offered Nuclear Cardiology, the most lucrative of all Nuclear Medicine "children" at that time, to Cardiology. Radiology, has succeeded in being recognized by the European Union Authorities as Clinical Radiology. The word "clinical" offers greater independence to Clinical Radiology and makes it difficult for such a specialty to relinquish any of its equipment i.e. the diagnostic CT scan or the newly developed fast angiography CT, to other specialties. Contrary to Clinical Radiology, Nuclear Medicine being a laboratory specialty in most countries seems to have no right to deny offering, after some period of "proper certified education", its PET camera to Clinical Radiologists. Nuclear Medicine by virtue of its unique diagnostic techniques and treatments, is and should be recognized as a "Clinical Specialty" The interference of other specialties in the fields of Nuclear Medicine is also indicated by the fact that in vitro techniques of Nuclear Medicine are often used by Endocrinologists and Oncologists in their own laboratories. Also in some hospitals the Director of the Radiology Department acts as the Director of Nuclear Medicine Laboratory. Finally at present, Radiologists wish after "proper certified education", to be on equal terms in charge of the new hybridic equipment, the PET/CT scanner. If that is followed to happen, Nuclear Medicine will be in a difficult position losing at least part of PET and consequently should ask for help from its "Overlords and Protectors" i.e. the National and the European Societies of Nuclear Medicine and the Society of Nuclear Medicine of the United States of America. Radiology as a specialty participating om equal terms with the PET camera will then include the study of: a) "open sources of radiation" b) nuclear radiation and c) molecular nuclear medicine. The "European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging" shall have to erase the three last words of its title and be renamed. As Professor Abass Alavi et al (2007), have mentioned: "Is PET/CT the only option?" In favor of PET/CT are the following: Attenuation correction (AC) and better anatomical localization of lesions visualized with PET. Also PET/CT can be used as a diagnostic CT scanner (dCT). Against using the PET/CT scanners are the following arguments: a) This equipment is not necessary because we can always ask the Radiologists for a dCT scan. Many patients have already done a dCT scan at the time they are referred for a PET scan to the Nuclear Medicine Department. b) The absolute clinical indications for PET/CT with the use of a contrast agent, are under investigation. c) Although there is at present a list of indications suggested for the PET/CT scanner, there are studies disputing some of these indications, as for example in metastatic colon cancer where a high diagnostic accuracy for PET study alone, has been reported. d) The option of AC performed by the PET/CT scanner has also been questioned. Artifacts may be up to 84%. e) The PET/CT is expensive, time consuming, space occupying, and needs additional medical and technical personnel. f) Not to mention the extra radiation dose to the patients. g) Shall we inform those young medical students who wish to become nuclear medicine physicians, to hold their decision till the content of future Nuclear Medicine is clarified? We may suggest that: Our specialty could be renamed as: "Clinical Nuclear Medicine" and include additional "proper certified education" on the PET/CT equipment. The PET/CT scanner should remain in the Nuclear Medicine Department where Radiologists could act as advisors.

Scintigraphy with technetium-99m methoxyisobutylisonitrile in multiple myeloma patients: correlation with the International Staging System.

(99m)Tc-2-methoxyisobutylisonitrile ((99m)Tc-MIBI) scintigraphy has been suggested in multiple myeloma (MM) patients. According to the International Staging System (ISS), serum b2-microglobulin (Sbeta(2)M) and serum albumin (SA) are dominant predictive factors and different cut-off values of these factors can separate patients into various stages of the disease. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between ISS staging, by Sbeta(2)M and SA, and the (99m)Tc-MIBI scan findings. Twenty-five MM patients have been studied. Eighteen patients were at stage I, three at stage II and four at stage III of MM. (99m)Tc-MIBI scans were obtained and scored according to intensity (I) and extent (E) of the radiotracer uptake. A summed score (S) for the (99m)Tc-MIBI scan was calculated for each patient. A statistically significant negative correlation between E, I and S uptake scores versus the SA levels (P=0.004, 0.049 and 0.018 respectively), as well as a statistically significant positive correlation between E and S scores and the Sbeta(2)M levels (P=0.012 and 0.032) were detected. A statistically significant difference between the E and S uptake scores among the MM patients examined for every stage separately was also found (P=0.007 and 0.024 respectively). The gradual increase of the E and S scores across the three stages of MM was also significant (P=0.003 and 0.021 respectively), despite the relatively small number of patients in stages II and III. In seven patients who died at the end of the follow-up period all three scores were significantly increased as compared to the scores of the patients who remained alive at that time. In conclusion, this study provides additional evidence that (99m)Tc-MIBI scan not only reflects myeloma disease activity in bone marrow but it is also well correlated with the Sbeta(2)M and SA levels according to ISS.

Scintimammographic detection of usual ductal breast hyperplasia with increased proliferation rate at risk for malignancy.

OBJECTIVES: To estimate whether breast uptake of (99m)Tc-(V)DMSA and (99m)Tc-sestamibi in usual ductal epithelial breast hyperplasia (UDH) and apocrine metaplasia is related to cell proliferation rate (Ki-67) and oestrogen receptor (ER) expression, both of which are associated with the potential risk of evolving to malignancy. METHODS: Among patients referred for suspicious breast findings on palpation and/or mammography and evaluated preoperatively with both radiopharmaceuticals, we retrospectively studied 17 (10 with UDH: group I; and seven with apocrine metaplasia: group II). Lesion-to-background (L/B) ratios in early and late acquisitions were calculated for both radiotracers in both groups, as well as their retention ratios. Ki-67 and oestrogen receptor expression were determined immunohistochemically. The late L/B ratios between the two tracers were compared, as were the late ratios for each tracer between Ki-67 < or = 3% and > 3%, and between ER < or = 15% and > 15%. Linear regression analysis was also performed between L/B and retention ratios and Ki-67 expression. RESULTS: There was a significant increase of the (99m)Tc-(V)DMSA L/B ratio in late images as compared to the early images in group I (P<0.05), while in group II it was not significantly increased (P=0.084). (99m)Tc-sestamibi ratios did not demonstrate variability over time in either group (P=0.156 and 0.274, respectively). Significant coefficient correlation was found between the (99m)Tc-(V)DMSA L/B(late) ratios and retention ratios and Ki-67 levels only for group I (r=0.889, P<0.001 and r=0.802, P<0.01, respectively). The (99m)Tc-(V)DMSA L/B(late) ratios in group I were significantly higher when Ki-67 > 3% than when Ki-67 < or = 3% (P=0.016) but did not differ considerably between ER > 15% and < or = 15% (P=0.732). CONCLUSION: (99m)Tc-(V)DMSA uptake in UDH correlates with Ki-67 expression. This could prove useful in identifying women with benign but high-risk breast pathologies who might benefit from chemoprophylaxis.

Increased serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 in relapsed ductal breast carcinoma.

Increased serum carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 is a quite uncommon manifestation of breast cancer both on early disease and on relapse. A 53-year-old woman with invasive ductal breast carcinoma underwent left-sided mastectomy. Two years later she palpated a subcutaneous mass at the mastectomy scar, arousing suspicion of local relapse. Surgery and histopathology revealed infiltration by breast adenocarcinoma and she was treated with chemotherapy. At that time serum tumor markers, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and CA 15-3 were within normal range. Over the next six months she displayed an increase of serum CEA while serum CA 15-3 remained within normal range. In an attempt to search for a second neoplasm possibly of gastrointestinal (GI) origin, abdominal computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic resonance cholangio-pancreatography (MRCP), endoscopy of the upper GI tract and colonoscopy were performed, as well as measurement of serum CA 19-9. While no indication of a GI neoplasm was detected, she displayed an over 10-fold increase of serum CA 19-9. The patient had also an X-ray mammography and technetium-99m hexakis-2-methoxyisobutylisonitrile ((99m)Tc-MIBI) scintimammography (SM). Whilst mammography was negative for contralateral disease recurrence, SM was suggestive of axillary lymph node involvement. Axillary lymph node dissection confirmed an extensive metastatic infiltration of these nodes by breast adenocarcinoma. Three months later serum CA 19-9 and CEA became normal. The interest of this case lies on the unexpected high serum CA 19-9 values found in a breast relapsed adenocarcinoma and in the important contribution of SM in diagnosing the axillary lymph node metastatic infiltration.

Spontaneous rupture of a type IVA choledochal cyst in a young adult during radiological imaging.

A case of a 24-year-old male with jaundice and epigastric pain is reported. The patient underwent a thorough clinical, laboratory, and imaging investigation. Computerized tomography revealed a 9 cm mult 10 cm choledochal cyst. Magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic cholangiopancreatography were performed, during which he developed an "acute abdomen", with radiological evidence of biliary peritoneal leak. Urgent surgery revealed rupture of the distended malformed common bile duct. A peritoneal drain was instilled and a more definitive surgical procedure was accordingly scheduled. Hepatobiliary scintigraphy following surgery verified these findings, as well as confirmed the adequacy of the urgent surgery. A combination of radiological and nuclear medicine techniques substantially contributes to the diagnosis of choledochal cyst rupture and the adequacy of surgical intervention.

Tc-99m depreotide imaging of I-131-negative recurrent metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma.

The detection of radioiodine (I-131)-negative metastases of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) has been hitherto successfully tried by the well-known synthetic somatostatin analogue indium-111-labeled DTPA-octreotide (In-111 pentetreotide). The objective of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of scintiscan with the newer synthetic somatostatin analogue Tc-99m depreotide, in the restaging of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) with detectable serum thyroglobulin (Tg) levels and negative I-131 whole-body scan (WBS). Whole-body planar and cervico-thoracic tomographic scintigraphy (single-photon emission tomography-SPET) with Tc-99m depreotide was performed in a 68-year-old male patient suffering from PTC stage III, with a mild increase in serum Tg levels coupled with a recent negative I-131 WBS. The findings were compared with those of neck ultrasonography (US) and computerized tomography (CT). Nodal neck dissection and histopathology provided the definitive diagnosis. Tc-99m depreotide scanning revealed foci of cervical lymph node metastases, which did not accumulate I-131. The findings were in accordance with neck US and CT. Histopathology established the diagnosis of metastatic cervical lymph node PTC. Lymph node immunoreactivity was positive for the somatostatin receptor subtypes 2, 5 and 3. Scintigraphy with Tc-99m depreotide could prove a useful adjunct to the armamentarium for the follow-up of PTC, especially in the setting of detectable serum Tg and negative I-131 WBS.

Combined use of 99mTc-sestamibi and 99mTc-V-DMSA in the assessment of chemotherapy effectiveness in patients with multiple myeloma.

UNLABELLED: This study determined the role of the combined use of (99m)Tc-sestamibi and (99m)Tc-pentavalent dimercaptosuccinic acid (V-DMSA) scintigraphy in evaluating the effectiveness of chemotherapy in patients with multiple myeloma. METHODS: In 20 patients with multiple myeloma who had received or were receiving chemotherapy, (99m)Tc-sestamibi and (99m)Tc-V-DMSA scanning was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of chemotherapy. RESULTS: In group A (11 patients with active disease), 42 (99m)Tc-sestamibi-positive lesions were found. Thirty-seven of those lesions were also positive for (99m)Tc-V-DMSA uptake, as were 16 additional lesions (nonactive) (NAL). Thus, in group A, the total number of positive lesions (TPL) detected was 58 and the NAL/TPL ratio was 16:58. In group B (9 patients in remission), 5 (99m)Tc-sestamibi-positive lesions were found. A further 22 lesions were also positive for (99m)Tc-V-DMSA uptake. Thus, in group B, the NAL/TPL ratio was 22:27. Therefore, the NAL/TPL ratios considered to represent effectively treated lesions were 27.6% and 81.5% for groups A and B, respectively. CONCLUSION: Combined use of the 2 agents allows the effectiveness of chemotherapy to be evaluated through a comparison of NAL and TPL multiple myeloma lesions even in the absence of a baseline study.

Interpretation of the post-surgical Somatostatin Receptor Scintigram of a Primary Neuroendocrine Tumor of the Thymus: a case report and literature review.

A case of a thymic neuroendocrine tumor and the interpretation problems in a post-surgical Somatostatin Receptor Scintigraphy are presented. In a 53-year-old man with superior vena cava obstruction syndrome an atypical carcinoid of the thymus (neuroendocrine carcinoma of intermediate grade 2), was found at surgery.During his first year of follow-up a Somatostatin Receptor Scintigraphy was recommended. An area of abnormal concentration of the radiopharmaceutical was revealed in the mediastinum at this time.A thorough understanding of the mechanisms of the radiopharmaceutical uptake and of the various clinical settings in which uptake can occur are essential for a proper evaluation of the scintigraphic findings and result in the optimal use of this valuable modality.The literature review provides an overview of this rare type of tumor and insight into the clinical significance of Somatostatin Receptor Scintigraphy.

Imaging in situ breast carcinoma (with or without an invasive component) with technetium-99m pentavalent dimercaptosuccinic acid and technetium-99m 2-methoxy isobutyl isonitrile scintimammography.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of the study was to retrospectively define specific features of the technetium-99m pentavalent dimercaptosuccinic acid (99mTc-(V)DMSA) and technetium-99m 2-methoxy isobutyl isonitrile (99mTc-Sestamibi [99mTc-MIBI]) distribution in ductal breast carcinoma in situ and lobular breast carcinoma in situ (DCIS/LCIS), in relation to mammographic, histological and immunohistochemical parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and two patients with suspicious palpation or mammographic findings were submitted preoperatively to scintimammography (a total of 72 patients with 99mTc-(V)DMSA and a total of 75 patients with 99mTc-Sestamibi, 45 patients receiving both radiotracers). Images were acquired at 10 min and 60 min, and were evaluated for a pattern of diffuse radiotracer accumulation. The tumor-to-background ratios were correlated (T-pair test) with mammographic, histological and immunohistochemical characteristics. RESULTS: Histology confirmed malignancy in 46/102 patients: 20/46 patients had DCIS/LCIS, with or without coexistent invasive lesions, and 26/46 patients had isolated invasive carcinomas. Diffuse 99mTc-(V)DMSA accumulation was noticed in 18/19 cases and 99mTc-Sestamibi in 6/13 DCIS/LCIS cases. Epithelial hyperplasia demonstrated a similar accumulation pattern. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for each tracer were calculated. Solely for 99mTc-(V)DMSA, the tumor-to-background ratio was significantly higher at 60 min than at 10 min and the diffuse uptake was significantly associated with suspicious microcalcifications, with the cell proliferation index > or = 40% and with c-erbB-2 > or = 10%. CONCLUSION: 99mTc-(V)DMSA showed high sensitivity and 99mTc-Sestamibi showed high specificity in detecting in situ breast carcinoma (99mTc-(V)DMSA especially in cases with increased cell proliferation), and these radiotracers could provide clinicians with preoperative information not always obtainable by mammography.

Scintimammographic findings of phyllodes tumor of the breast in a double-phase study with Tc-99m (V)DMSA and Tc-99m MIBI: a case report.

We present a case of phyllodes tumor of the breast in a 78-year-old woman evaluated with Tc-99m (V)DMSA and Tc-99m MIBI scintimammography, acquired in separate sessions (10 and 60 min post-injection). Tc-99m (V)DMSA was accumulated intensely within the mass [tumor to background ratio (T/B) >3], whereas Tc-99m MIBI had significantly lower uptake (T/B 1.9). Histology revealed a phyllodes tumor (maximum diameter 15 cm) and approximately three mitoses over 10 fields of view (FOV) x40, foci of epithelial hyperplasia and apocrine metaplasia. Stromal Ki-67 expression was 7%. The tumor was considered to be benign and the patient underwent mastectomy. One year later the patient presented with local malignant recurrence of the disease with over 15 mitoses per 10 FOV. Tc-99m (V)DMSA seems to have an advantage over Tc-99m MIBI in detecting mesenchymal tumors with unforeseen biological behavior and Ki-67 over-expression, such as phyllodes tumors, even with primary negative histological findings.

Relationship of cell proliferation (Ki-67) to 99mTc-(V)DMSA uptake in breast cancer.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of the present study was to identify the relationships between the uptake of radiotracers - namely pentavalent dimercaptosuccinic acid [(V)DMSA] and sestamibi (MIBI) - and the following parameters in primary breast cancer: steroid receptor concentrations (i.e. estrogen receptor [ER] and progesterone receptor [PR]), Ki-67 expression, tumor size, tumor grade, age, and levels of expression of p53 and c-erbB-2. In addition, by multivariate regression analysis, we further isolated those factors with independent associations with (V)DMSA and/or MIBI uptake in primary breast cancer. METHODS: Thirty-four patients with histologically confirmed breast carcinoma underwent preoperative scintimammography with technetium-99m (99mTc)-(V)DMSA and/or 99mTc-MIBI in consecutive sessions 10 and 60 min after administration of 925-1110 MBq of each radiotracer. The tumor-to-background ratio was calculated and correlated with the presence of ER, PR, Ki-67, tumor size, tumor grade, p53, and c-erbB-2. ER, PR, p53, and c-erbB-2 were determined immunohistochemically. The analysis included tumor-to-background ratio of (V)DMSA and MIBI uptake as dependent and all of the other parameters as independent variables. RESULTS: Correlation was positive between Ki-67 and (V)DMSA (r = 0.37 at 10 min, P = 0.038; r = 0.42 at 60 min, P = 0.018) and inverse between PR and (V)DMSA uptake (r = -0.46 at 10 min, P = 0.010; r = -0.51 at 60 min, P = 0.003). Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated a positive correlation between Ki-67 and (V)DMSA at 60 min (P = 0.045). Ki-67 was not significantly correlated with MIBI uptake, whereas tumor size was positively correlated with MIBI uptake at 60 min both in univariate (r = 0.45, P = 0.027) and multivariate analysis (P = 0.024). Negative correlations were observed between (V)DMSA uptake and ER, as well as between ER/PR and MIBI uptake, but these were not significant. CONCLUSION: Ki-67 appears to represent the major independent factor affecting (V)DMSA uptake in breast cancer. Tumor size was the only independent parameter influencing MIBI uptake in breast cancer. (V)DMSA appears to have an advantage over MIBI in that it can be used to visualize tumors with intense proliferative activity, and thus it can identify those tumors that are more aggressive.

[A patient with MEN-IIA syndrome due to de novo mutation and papillary thyroid carcinoma; the role of 99m Tc-depreotide in diagnosing metastases and brief review of the literature]. / In Process Citation.

Multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type II-A (MEN-IIA) is a rare endocrinological disorder occurring in 0.04% of the general population. The combination of papillary thyroid carcinoma with MEN-IIA appears even less frequently. We describe the case of a 21-year-old woman with pheochromocytoma of the left adrenal gland, medullary thyroid carcinoma, hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands and papillary thyroid carcinoma. MEN II-A syndrome resulted from de novo mutation of the RET proto-oncogene, which was detected in the DNA of peripheral blood leucocytes. Three months postoperatively calcitonin levels were normal, whilst increased serum thyroglobulin values prompted the need for further investigation. Whole body scanning with (131)I and with (99m)Tc-sestamibi and also US test of cervical lymph nodes, were negative. The synthetic analogue of somatostatin (99m)Tc-depreotide was used for whole body scintigraphy, cervical and thoracic tomographic scanning and revealed anterior cervical, upper mediastinal and right hilar foci of pathological uptake[Fig.1 and Table 1: see text]. These findings were compatible with findings from CT and MRI that followed in order to complete the diagnostic evaluation. The patient underwent surgical resection of the metastatic foci with uneventful postoperative course. Histology showed lymph node metastases originating from the papillary thyroid carcinoma. Ratio values >2 were abnormal (Fig. 2). Computer processing of the corresponding ROIs on healthy tissues produced the following normal values: Th/Arm: 1.874,, Med/Arm: 1.699, Hi/Arm: 1.141 (Fig. 3).