MicroRNA-588 regulates migration capacity and invasiveness of renal cancer cells by targeting EIF5A2.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether microRNA-588 was involved in the development and progression of renal cancer, and to explore its possible regulatory mechanisms. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Tumor tissues excised from renal carcinoma and adjacent normal tissues were selected for the experiment. Quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to analyze the expression level of microRNA-588 in tissue specimens. The relationship between the expression of microRNA-588 and the prognosis of patients with renal cell carcinoma was also evaluated. Subsequently, two renal cancer cell lines, including769-P and 786-O, were selected for functional experiments in vitro. Eukaryotic initiation factor 5A2 (pcDNA-EIF5A2) or microRNA-588 mimics was transfected into 769-P cells, respectively. Meanwhile, si-EIF5A2 or microRNA-588 inhibitor was transfected into 786-O cells. After that, the mRNA expression level of EIF5A2 was detected by qRT-PCR. The invasiveness and metastasis abilities of the two cell lines were evaluated via transwell assay. Furthermore, the levels of EIF5A2 and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins were analyzed using Western blot. Luciferase reporter gene assay was used to confirm that microRNA-588 could directly regulate EIF5A2 expression. QRT-PCR and Western blot were performed to explore the mRNA and protein expressions of EIF5A2 in patients with highly or lowly-expressed microRNA-588. The correlation between the two molecules was evaluated using linear analysis. Through the above experiments, it was verified whether microRNA-588 could enhance the invasiveness and metastasis of renal cancer by targeting EIF5A2. RESULTS: MicroRNA-588 expression in tumor tissues of patients with renal carcinoma was significantly decreased with the increase of tumor diameter and stage. A higher level of microRNA-588 indicated significantly longer overall survival of patients. This suggested that microRNA-588 expression was negatively correlated with the prognosis of patients. Overexpression of microRNA-588 remarkably reduced the invasion and metastasis abilities of 769-P cells, as well as the expressions of EMT-related proteins. However, opposite results were observed in 786-O cells after knockdown of microRNA-588. Reporter gene assay confirmed that microRNA-588 could target bind to EIF5A2. In 769-P cells, up-regulated microRNA-588 significantly inhibited the mRNA and protein expressions of EIF5A2. However, down-regulated microRNA-588 in 786-O cells significantly enhanced the expressions of EIF5A2 at both mRNA and protein levels. Linear analysis verified that microRNA-588 was negatively correlated with EIF5A2 at the mRNA level. Additionally, the up-regulation of EIF5A2 in 769-P cells enhanced the malignancy of cancer cells and the expressions of EMT-related proteins. However, in 786-O cells, opposite results were observed after knockdown of EIF5A2. CONCLUSIONS: MicroRNA-588 was lowly expressed in renal cancer tissues and cell lines. This might lead to an increase in the protein level of EIF5A2, eventually promoting tumor invasion and metastasis.

[Effects of retroperitoneal laparoscopic ureterolithotomy and flexible-ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy for complex upper ureteral calculi].

Objective: To explore the clinical effects of retroperitoneal laparoscopic ureterolithotomy (RPLU) and flexible-ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy (f-UHLL) for complicated upper ureteral calculi. Methods: A total of 45 cases of complicated upper ureteral calculi between March 2014 and January 2016 in Department of Urology, Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Southeast University Medical College were retrospectively analyzed, there were 32 males and 13 females, ranging from 27 to 45 years with an average age of (34.1±9.5) years. Of the 45 patients, 28 had ureteral distortion and 17 had concurrent ureteral stones in the lower or middle ipsilateral ureter. In those patients, 20 cases underwent f-UHLL, and 25 cases received RPLU. The stone size, operation time, hospital stay, stone clearance rates and postoperative fever rates between the two groups were compared with t test and χ(2)test. Results: The operation was successfully performed in all patients, no complications with leakage of urine or ureteral perforation occurred, and no significant difference in renal function between the two methods were founded in postoperative period. There was no significant difference in operation time((78.4±8.5) minuetes vs.(73.3±11.3) minuetes, t=0.61, P=0.67), time of double J tube removed ((33.8±3.4)days vs. (37.6±8.9) d, t=2.37, P=0.08) and ipsilateral renal glomerular filtration rates ((41.3±7.6)ml/minuetes vs.(40.5±7.1) ml/min, t=0.78, P=1.27) between the two groups. However, the hospitalization time ((5.9±1.7)days vs. (4.2±1.6) days, t=1.92, P=0.04), postoperative fever rates (4% vs.30%, χ(2)=5.72, P=0.03) and calculus clearance rates (100% vs. 75%, χ(2)=7.03, P=0.01) in RPLU were significantly higher than f-UHLL. Besides, 5 patients in the f-UHLL group had postoperative stone residue and were treated with extracorpore shock wave lithotripsy. Conclusions: Both RPLU and f-UHLL are safety and validity for complex upper ureteral calculi. RPLU can improve the rate of calculus removal and reduce the rate of postoperative fever.

[The comparation of fusion targeting biopsy and systematic biopsy in the clinical diagnosis of prostate cancer: a meta-analysis].

Objective: To systematically compare the differences in the detection rate of prostate cancer with fusion targeting biopsy and systemic biopsy. Methods: A computer-based search of PubMed, Medline, China Biomedical Literature Database and Wanfang database (from the beginning of establishment of library to October 2016) on the detection rate of prostate cancer by fusion targeting biopsy and systemic biopsy was performed manually.The inclusion and exclusion criteria were formulated by 2 reviewers, and the data were extracted and evaluated respectively. RevMan5.3 software was used to analyze the detection rate of prostate cancer by two biopsy methods. Results: A total of 15 related clinical studies were included, 5 337 cases were enrolled in the study, including 2 667 cases of targeted fusion biopsy and 2 670 cases of routine systemic biopsy. The results showed that the overall detection rate of prostate cancer in targeting fusion biopsy was significantly higher than that of conventional systemic biopsy (OR=1.16, 95% CI 1.04-1.30, P=0.007). The detection rates of prostate cancer with different risk grades by two biopsy methods were conducted. We found that targeted fusion biopsy had a significant advantage compared with conventional system biopsy (OR=1.37, 95% CI 1.19-1.58, P<0.05) in middle and high risk prostate cancer with Gleason ≥ 7 points. In low-risk prostate cancer patients with Gleason score <7, the detection rate of prostate cancer by targeted fusion biopsy was lower (OR=0.76, 95% CI 0.65-0.89, P<0.05) than that of conventional systemic biopsy. Conclusions: Targeted fusion biopsy was significantly better than systemic biopsy in the overall detection rate of prostate cancer and the detection rate of the middle and high risk prostate cancer with Gleason ≥7 points. However, systemic biopsy performed better in patients with Gleason<7 points of low-risk prostate cancer.