Highly selective fluorescence turn-on sensor for·thiol compounds detection.

As a kind of commonly-used synthetic materials for many pesticides, thiol compounds, once being leaked, can cause serious harm to the environment and humans. Therefore, the efficient detection of thiol compounds is essential. In this study developed a turn-on fluorescent probe (Cu@Zn-CP) for the highly sensitive fluorescence detection of thiol compounds. The probe was constructed based on a zinc coordination polymer (Zn-CP), whose fluorescence was quenched through the effective doping of Cu2+ ions. After the introduction of methyl thioglycolate (MTC), a rapid fluorescence turn-on response was generated within 90 s with a low detection limit of 23 ppb. Even after being reused for five cycles, the sensor maintains excellent detection performance and demonstrates good recyclability. It can also detect MTC in river water, with a spike recovery rate between 98-103 %. Furthermore, the designed Cu@Zn-CP exhibits good universality for detecting multifarious thiol compounds, including L-cysteine, glutathione, monothioglycerol, and 2-hydroxy-1-ethanethiol. This result provides a potential recyclable fluorescent sensor for thiol compounds.

Micro-CT data of complete metamorphosis process in Harmonia axyridis.

Insect metamorphosis involves significant changes in insect internal structure and is thus a critical focus of entomological research. Investigating the morphological transformation of internal structures is vital to understanding the origins of adult insect organs. Beetles are among the most species-rich groups in insects, but the development and transformation of their internal organs have yet to be systematically documented. In this study, we have acquired a comprehensive dataset that includes 27 detailed whole-body tomographic image sets of Harmonia axyridis, spanning from the prepupal to the pupal stages. Utilizing this data, we have created intricate 3D models of key internal organs, encompassing the brain, ventral nerve cord, digestive and excretion systems, as well as the body wall muscles. These data documented the transformation process of these critical organs and correlations between the origin of adult and larval organs and can be used to enhance the understanding of holometabolous adult organ genesis and offers a valuable reference model for investigating complete metamorphosis in insects.

Integrative analysis of LAG3 immune signature and identification of a LAG3-related genes prognostic signature in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma.

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy has resulted in improved overall survival in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC), but most treated patients fail to show durable clinical responses. Lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG3) is a novel inhibitory immune checkpoint, but its expression pattern, prognostic value, and immunological role in KIRC remain unknown. In this study, we utilized TCGA_KIRC RNA-sequencing data to analyze the relationship between LAG3 expression and clinical features. The single-cell sequencing data and tissue immunofluorescence are employed to investigate the subcellular localization of LAG3 in KIRC. Kaplan-Meier plotter, TIMER, and TISIDB were used to assess the association between LAG3 expression and prognosis, as well as its correlation with immune-related components. We constructed the LAG3 interaction network by using STRING, GeneMANIA, BioGRID, and HitPredict databases. We found that LAG3 is upregulated and correlates with poor prognostic phenotype in KIRC. LAG3 is predominantly expressed on exhausted CD8+ T cells and shows strong co-expression with PDCD1 in KIRC. Moreover, our findings indicated that LAG3 not only inhibits T cell activation but also potentially regulates cell adhesion in KIRC. In conclusion, our study implies that LAG3 can serve as a potential prognostic biomarker for KIRC. Furthermore, blocking both LAG3 and PDCD1 may alleviate resistance to anti-PDCD1 therapy, providing novel insights for immunotherapy decision-making in KIRC patients.

Lenalidomide use in multiple myeloma (Review).

Lenalidomide is a second-generation new immunomodulatory medication used to treat multiple myeloma (MM). Its mechanism of action involves affecting the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, interleukin-6, cytochrome c, caspase-8, as well as other factors including immunological modulation and the direct killing of cells, among others, rendering it a fundamental medication, useful for the treatment of MM. Combining lenalidomide with other medications such dexamethasone, bortezomib, ixazomib, carfilzomib and daratumumab can markedly alleviate MM. When autologous-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) cannot be utilized to treat newly diagnosed individuals with MM (NDMM), monotherapy maintenance following lenalidomide and dexamethasone may be employed. Following ASCT, single-agent maintenance with lenalidomide can be performed as an additional treatment. The combination of bortezomib and lenalidomide has been demonstrated to be associated with favorable response rates, tolerable toxicity, and therapeutic benefits although caution is warranted to prevent the onset of peripheral neuropathy with its use. A new-generation oral drug with an excellent safety profile, ixazomib, is more practical and therapeutically applicable in relapsed refractory MM. However, the frequent occurrence of cardiovascular events, hematocrit, and infections with it require flexible adjustment in its clinical application. Carfilzomib produces a rapid and profound response in patients with NDMM eligible for transplantation, but its cardiovascular side effects need to be closely monitored. The primary aim of the present review was to examine the pharmacological properties and pharmacokinetics of lenalidomide, as well as the efficacy and safety of lenalidomide-based treatments with reference to data from clinical trials and real-world studies.

Unraveling the complex evolutionary history of lepidopteran chromosomes through ancestral chromosome reconstruction and novel chromosome nomenclature.

BACKGROUND: Lepidoptera is one of the most species-rich animal groups, with substantial karyotype variations among species due to chromosomal rearrangements. Knowledge of the evolutionary patterns of lepidopteran chromosomes still needs to be improved. RESULTS: Here, we used chromosome-level genome assemblies of 185 lepidopteran insects to reconstruct an ancestral reference genome and proposed a new chromosome nomenclature. Thus, we renamed over 5000 extant chromosomes with this system, revealing the historical events of chromosomal rearrangements and their features. Additionally, our findings indicate that, compared with autosomes, the Z chromosome in Lepidoptera underwent a fast loss of conserved genes, rapid acquisition of lineage-specific genes, and a low rate of gene duplication. Moreover, we presented evidence that all available 67 W chromosomes originated from a common ancestor chromosome, with four neo-W chromosomes identified, including one generated by fusion with an autosome and three derived through horizontal gene transfer. We also detected nearly 4000 inter-chromosomal gene movement events. Notably, Geminin is transferred from the autosome to the Z chromosome. When located on the autosome, Geminin shows female-biased expression, but on the Z chromosome, it exhibits male-biased expression. This contributes to the sexual dimorphism of body size in silkworms. CONCLUSIONS: Our study sheds light on the complex evolutionary history of lepidopteran chromosomes based on ancestral chromosome reconstruction and novel chromosome nomenclature.

NH4I-promoted electrosynthesis of 2-aminothiazole derivatives from ketone compounds and NH4SCN.

A novel and efficient electrochemical synthesis of 2-aminothiazole derivatives from ketones and NH4SCN is described. Under the co-action of NH3 and iodine free radicals or iodine (I2) electrochemically generated in situ, the target product 2-aminothiazole derivatives could be successfully obtained in good to excellent yields.

De Novo Mutation Rates in Sticklebacks.

Mutation rate is a fundamental parameter in population genetics. Apart from being an important scaling parameter for demographic and phylogenetic inference, it allows one to understand at what rate new genetic diversity is generated and what the expected level of genetic diversity is in a population at equilibrium. However, except for well-established model organisms, accurate estimates of de novo mutation rates are available for a very limited number of organisms from the wild. We estimated mutation rates (µ) in two marine populations of the nine-spined stickleback (Pungitius pungitius) with the aid of several 2- and 3-generational family pedigrees, deep (>50×) whole-genome resequences and a high-quality reference genome. After stringent filtering, we discovered 308 germline mutations in 106 offspring translating to µ = 4.83 × 10-9 and µ = 4.29 × 10-9 per base per generation in the two populations, respectively. Up to 20% of the mutations were shared by full-sibs showing that the level of parental mosaicism was relatively high. Since the estimated µ was 3.1 times smaller than the commonly used substitution rate, recalibration with µ led to substantial increase in estimated divergence times between different stickleback species. Our estimates of the de novo mutation rate should provide a useful resource for research focused on fish population genetics and that of sticklebacks in particular.

Coptisine Inhibits Influenza Virus Replication by Upregulating p21.

The activation of innate antiviral immunity is a promising approach for combatting viral infections. In this study, we screened Chinese herbs that activated human immunity and identified coptisine as a potent inhibitor of the influenza virus with an EC50 of 10.7 µM in MDCK cells. The time of an addition assay revealed that pre-treatment with coptisine was more effective at reducing viral replication than co-treatment or post-treatment. Our bulk RNA-sequencing data showed that coptisine upregulated the p21 signaling pathway in MDCK cells, which was responsible for its antiviral effects. Specifically, coptisine increased the expression of p21 and FOXO1 in a dose-dependent manner while leaving the MELK expression unchanged. Docking analysis revealed that coptisine likely inhibited MELK activity directly by forming hydrogen bonds with ASP-150 and GLU-87 in the catalytic pocket. These findings suggest that coptisine may be a promising antiviral agent that regulates the p21 signaling pathway to inhibit viral replication.

Association between internet addiction and the risk of upper cross syndrome in Chinese college students: A cross sectional study.

It is well established that increased internet use is related to an increased risk of upper cross syndrome (UCS) among adolescents. The relationship between internet addiction (IA), a unique condition involving severe internet overuse, and UCS has, however, not been reported. This study aimed to investigate the association between IA and the risk of UCS among Chinese college students. This cross sectional study (n = 2552) was conducted in November 2020. IA status was evaluated using the 20-item Young's Internet Addiction Test. IA was defined as internet addiction score ≥ 50 points. UCS was measured by means of a reference American College of Sports Medicine postural screening. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to determine association between IA categories (normal, mild, and moderate-to-severe) and UCS. Among all participants, the prevalence of UCS was 59.7%, male and female was reported by 42.2 and 24.8, respectively. The prevalence of IA was 67%, mild and moderate-to-severe of IA was reported by 42.2% and 24.8%, respectively. After adjusting for potential confounders (sex, age, single child, father's educational level, mother's educational level, smoking status, drinking status, Body mass index, physical activity, Sedentariness, and Depressive symptoms), the results showed significant differences in the risk of UCS among different IA categories. The odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for UCS with IA categories were 1.000 (reference), 5.19 (4.27, 6.32), and 9.14 (7.14, 11.69), respectively (P for trends: < .001). This cross sectional study showed that severe IA was associated with a higher risk of UCS in Chinese college students. In future research, it will be necessary to explore causality regarding this relationship using interventional studies.

Chromosome-level genome assembly of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata.

The Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) is one of the most notorious insect pests of potatoes globally. Here, we generated a high-quality chromosome-level genome assembly of L. decemlineata using a combination of the PacBio HiFi sequencing and Hi-C scaffolding technologies. The genome assembly (-1,008 Mb) is anchored to 18 chromosomes (17 + XO), with a scaffold N50 of 58.32 Mb. It contains 676 Mb repeat sequences and 29,606 protein-coding genes. The chromosome-level genome assembly of L. decemlineata provides in-depth knowledge and will be a helpful resource for the beetle and invasive biology research communities.

Melatonin-Primed Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Alleviated Neurogenic Erectile Dysfunction by Reversing Phenotypic Modulation.

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is an adverse side effect of pelvic surgery with no effective treatment. In this study, it is explored whether melatonin could improve the therapeutic effects of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), on cavernous nerve injury (CNI) ED, and the underlying mechanisms are investigated. The sEVs from melatonin-pretreated MSCs (MT-EVs) and MSCs (NC-EVs) are isolated and applied to CNI ED. Transplantation of MT-EVs remarkably increases erectile function and reduces phenotypic modulation in CNI ED rats. The therapeutic effects of MT-EVs are superior to those of NC-EVs. Sequencing implies that miR-10a-3p is enriched in MT-EVs, and directly targets the protein kinase inhibitor α (PKIA). After the suppression of miR-10a-3p, the therapeutic actions of MT-EVs are abolished, but are rescued by PKIA. Similarly, RhoA/ROCK is inhibited by MT-EVs, but this action is reversed by suppressing miR-10a-3p, accompanied by corresponding changes in PKIA. In conclusion, transplantation of MT-EVs could significantly alleviate CNI ED. MT-EVs may relieve the phenotypic modulation of the corpora cavernosum smooth muscle cells via the miR-10a-3p/PKIA/RhoA/ROCK signaling axis. These nanovesicles should be potential therapeutic vectors or bioactive materials for CNI ED.

Ratiometric Fluorescent Sensor Based on Tb(III) Functionalized Metal-Organic Framework for Formic Acid.

Formic acid is a common chemical raw material, the effective detection of which is of importance to food safety and environmental quality. In this work, the lanthanide functionalized dual-emission metal-organic framework (TH25) was prepared as a ratiometric fluorescent sensor for formic acid. This ratiometric sensor has a good detection performance with high selectivity, sensitivity, and reproducibility. Together with a low limit of detection of 2.1 ppm, these characters promise the ability to sense at low levels as well as a practical detection ability. This work provides ideas for the design and synthesis of effective chemical sensors for organic acids.

Application and Analysis of Big Data Mining in the Foreign Affairs Translation System.

Based on the expansion of scientific and technological capabilities, the trend of global integration has further strengthened, and the relations between countries have become closer and closer. Therefore, the foreign affairs translation system plays a very important role. Many scientific and technological projects have carried out research and analysis around the foreign affairs translation system. Nowadays, the wide variety of data and the complexity of languages in various countries force the processing structure of the foreign affairs translation system to be changed to adapt to the development of big data. In this context, this article studies the foreign affairs translation system based on big data mining technology and designs the application of a new foreign affairs translation system model. The results of the experiment are as follows: (1) The development status of big data mining technology and the problems existing in the current foreign affairs translation system are analyzed, and the research direction of the experiment is determined. The foreign affairs translation system is analyzed according to big data mining technology, which determines the technical guarantee for the research of this article. (2) In keeping with the traditional effective foreign affairs translation system, this article uses big data mining algorithm analysis, the fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm, and the BP neural network algorithm to identify and analyze the problems of the foreign affairs translation model about data analysis ability technology, which quickly and accurately analyzes the problems of the system and optimizes and improves according to the specific problems.

Identifying the E2F3-MEX3A-KLF4 signaling axis that sustains cancer cells in undifferentiated and proliferative state.

Rationale: Dysregulation of signaling that governs self-renewal and differentiation of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) is a major cause of colorectal cancer (CRC) initiation and progression. Methods: qRT-PCR, western blotting, in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence assays were used to detect the expression levels of MEX3A, KLF4 and E2F3 in CRC tissues. The biological functions of MEX3A were studied using Mex3a knockout (KO) and intestinal epithelium specific conditional knockout (cKO) mice, AOM-DSS mouse colorectal tumor model, Apc floxed mouse tumor model and intestinal and tumor organoids. Transcriptomic RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), RNA crosslinking immunoprecipitation (CLIP) and luciferase reporter assays were performed to explore the molecular mechanisms of MEX3A. Results: RNA-binding protein MEX3A, a specific ISC marker gene, becomes ectopically upregulated upon CRC and its levels negatively correlate with patient survival prognosis. MEX3A functions as an oncoprotein that retains cancer cells in undifferentiated and proliferative status and it enhances their radioresistance to DNA damage. Mechanistically, a rate limiting factor of cellular proliferation E2F3 induces MEX3A, which in turn activates WNT pathway by directly suppressing expression of its pro-differentiation transcription factor KLF4. Knockdown of MEX3A with siRNA or addition of KLF4 agonist significantly suppressed tumor growth both by increasing differentiation status of cancer cells and by suppressing their proliferation. Conclusions: It identifies E2F3-MEX3A-KLF4 axis as an essential coordinator of cancer stem cell self-renewal and differentiation, representing a potent new druggable target for cancer differentiation therapy.

COVID-19 Vaccination Rates of People Who Use Drugs - Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China, November 2021 - February 2022.

What is already known about this topic?: Few studies have reported that people who use drugs (PWUDs) have much lower coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination rates than the general population, especially with no relative information reported in China specifically. What is added by this report?: This study seminally uncovers that the vaccination rate among PWUDs was about 79.34% in one district of Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China. Assuming that unvaccinated PWUDs with disease records were really not eligible for vaccination, the vaccination rate goes up to 87.25% among the studied PWUDs. The study implies that PWUDs were not left behind in the vaccination drive against COVID-19 in China. What are the implications for public health practice?: In pandemics like COVID-19, government leadership and the overall planning and distribution of public health products are critical in achieving national health equity. However, in order to do this as well as avoid discrimination or exclusion among specific portions of the general population, it's necessary to understand the vaccination rates and behaviors of at-risk groups such as PWUD's.

Dye-Encapsulated Lanthanide-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks as a Dual-Emission Sensitization Platform for Alachlor Sensing.

As an important factor affecting global agricultural output, pesticides have a significant impact on the ecosystem. It is an urgent task to accurately and conveniently detect pesticide residues after their application. Herein, a fluorescent dye@MOF platform was designed via the encapsulation of rhodamine B (RhB) into the MOF structure (named RhB@HNU-48), which can significantly enhance the sensing sensitivity of alachlor with an ultralow detection limit of 0.59 ppb. The improved sensitivity of RhB@HNU-48 to pesticides was attributed to the host-guest interactions that affect the excitation and emission spectra of the composites. Based on the sensing capability of RhB@HNU-48, a logic gate was built to evaluate the safety level of alachlor residues in rivers and soil. The preparation of photofunctionalized MOF composites through modulation of host-guest interactions offers a promising strategy for the construction of desired sensors for agricultural residues.

Association between breakfast consumption frequency and the risk of irritable bowel syndrome among Chinese female college students: A cross-sectional study.

ABSTRACT: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder that affects specific groups of people. The relationship between breakfast consumption frequency and the risk of IBS is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between breakfast consumption frequency and the risk of IBS among Chinese female college students.In this cross-sectional study (n = 706) conducted in October 2018, the frequency of breakfast consumption was categorized as 0 to 3 times/week, 4 to 6 times/week, or daily. IBS was diagnosed according to the Rome III criteria and was based on the presence of abdominal pain or discomfort for at least 3 months during the previous 6 months, with at least 2 or more of the following conditions: changes in frequency or form of stool and/or decrease in pain after defecation. We adjusted for confounding factors, including age, only child (yes or no), parents' educational levels (senior high school or below, college, or postgraduate), parents' marital status (married, widowed, or divorced), smoking status (smoker or nonsmoker), drinking status (drinker or nondrinker), body mass index, and depressive symptoms. A multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the relationship between breakfast frequency and the risk of IBS.Among 706 participants, 23.7% were the only child in their family, and the proportion of parents divorced or widowed was 18.5%. The proportion of fathers and mothers with high school education or above was 93.3% and 96.3%, respectively. The prevalence of IBS among the participants was 17.3% (122/706). Multivariate logistic regressions analysis showed that breakfast consumption frequency is negatively associated with the risk of IBS after adjusting for confounding factors. The odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for IBS in the breakfast frequency category of 0 to 3 times/week, 4 to 6 times/week, and daily were 1.00 (reference), 0.96 (0.58, 1.60), and 0.45 (0.26, 0.78), respectively (P = .002).Our data revealed that regular breakfast consumption is associated with a lower risk of IBS among Chinese college students. Future cohort and/or interventional studies should be conducted to further explore the association between breakfast consumption frequency and IBS.

Adaptive Complex Variational Mode Decomposition for Micro-Motion Signal Processing Applications.

In order to suppress the strong clutter component and separate the effective fretting component from narrow-band radar echo, a method based on complex variational mode decomposition (CVMD) is proposed in this paper. The CVMD is extended from variational mode decomposition (VMD), which is a recently introduced technique for adaptive signal decomposition, limited to only dealing with the real signal. Thus, the VMD is extended from the real domain to the complex domain firstly. Then, the optimal effective order of singular value is obtained by singular value decomposition (SVD) to solve the problem of under-decomposition or over-decomposition caused by unreasonable choice of decomposition layer, it is more accurate than detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) and empirical mode decomposition (EMD). Finally, the strongly correlated modes and weakly correlated modes are judged by calculating the Mahalanobis distance between the band-limited intrinsic mode functions (BLIMFs) and the original signal, which is more robust than the correlation judgment methods such as computing cross-correlation, Euclidean distance, Bhattachryya distance and Hausdorff distance. After the weak correlation modes are eliminated, the signal is reconstructed locally, and the separation of the micro-motion signal is realized. The experimental results show that the proposed method can filter out the strong clutter component and the fuselage component from radar echo more effectively than the local mean decomposition (LMD), empirical mode decomposition and moving target indicator (MTI) filter.

LncRNA EMX2OS, Regulated by TCF12, Interacts with FUS to Regulate the Proliferation, Migration and Invasion of Prostate Cancer Cells Through the cGMP-PKG Signaling Pathway.

BACKGROUND: LncRNA EMX2OS (EMX2 opposite strand/antisense RNA) is notably downregulated in prostate cancer (PCa) tissues and may be regarded as a potential molecular biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis. However, its exact role in regulating the development of PCa is obscure. METHODS: The EMX2OS expression was assessed in PCa tissues, paracancer tissues, PCa cells and normal prostate epithelial cells by qPCR. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments were performed to investigate the role of EMX2OS and FUS in cGMP-PKG (cyclic guanosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase)-mediated proliferation, invasion, and migration in human PCa cell lines DU145 and PC3. Then, the interaction of transcription factor 12 (TCF12) with EMX2OS promoter was confirmed by using the dual-luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays. RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation and RNA pull-down assays were used to verify the interaction between EMX2OS and FUS protein. Finally, the role of EMX2OS and FUS in tumor growth in vivo was validated in a xenograft nude mouse model. RESULTS: TCF12 and EMX2OS were both downregulated in PCa tissues and cells, and they negatively regulated cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and activated cGMP-PKG pathway in DU145 and PC3 cells. TCF12 was a transcription factor of EMX2OS. TCF12 and EMX2OS overexpression both down-regulated cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and activated cGMP-PKG pathway in DU145 and PC3 cells. Furthermore, EMX2OS directly bound with FUS protein and had a synergy effect with FUS protein on cGMP-PKG-mediated cell functions, which could be suppressed by (D)-DT-2 (a cGMP-PKG inhibitor). In addition, the overexpression of FUS or EMX2OS individually markedly decreased the volume and weight of tumors in vivo, and co-overexpression of them further inhibited tumor growth. CONCLUSION: EMX2OS, transcriptionally regulated by TCF12, played a synergy role with FUS protein in regulating the proliferation, migration and invasion of PCa cells by activating the cGMP-PKG pathway.

Moderate-to-Severe Depression Adversely Affects Lung Function in Chinese College Students.

Depression is known to be correlated with increased risk for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in middle-aged and older adults, but there is scarce evidence regarding its association with lung function among healthy adults. Thus, we aimed to assess this association by measuring the lung function and depression severity in Chinese college students. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 3,891 college students aged 16-24 years. Lung function was assessed by measuring the forced vital capacity (FVC) using a spirometer, and depression severity was evaluated using the 20-item Zung self-rating depression scale (SDS), with SDS scores of ≥40 and ≥45 indicating mild and moderate-to-severe depression, respectively. After adjusting for potential confounders, the geometric means of the FVC levels for the normal, mild depression, and moderate-to-severe depression groups were 3,446.1 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3,418.6-3,470.3), 3,415.2 (95% CI: 3,357.7-3,473.8), and 3,351.0 (95% CI: 3271.5-3432.3), respectively (P for trend: 0.031). These results indicated that depression severity was independently correlated with lung function decline in Chinese college students. Future prospective cohort or interventional studies are needed to confirm the negative association between depressive symptoms and lung function and investigate its causality.