The Core-Shell Microneedle with Probiotic Extracellular Vesicles for Infected Wound Healing and Microbial Homeostasis Restoration.

Wound healing is a dynamic process involving the timely transition of organized phases. However, infected wounds often experience prolonged inflammation due to microbial overload. Thus, addressing the viable treatment needs across different healing stages is a critical challenge in wound management. Herein, a novel core-shell microneedle (CSMN) patch is designed for the sequential delivery of tannic acid-magnesium (TA-Mg) complexes and extracellular vesicles from Lactobacillus druckerii (LDEVs). Upon application to infected sites, CSMN@TA-Mg/LDEV releases TA-Mg first to counteract pathogenic overload and reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS), aiding the transition to proliferative phase. Subsequently, the sustained release of LDEVs enhances the activities of keratinocytes and fibroblasts, promotes vascularization, and modulates the collagen deposition. Notably, dynamic track of microbial composition demonstrates that CSMN@TA-Mg/LDEV can both inhibit the aggressive pathogen and increase the microbial diversity at wound sites. Functional analysis further highlights the potential of CSMN@TA-Mg/LDEV in facilitating wound healing and skin barrier restoration. Moreover, it is confirmed that CSMN@TA-Mg/LDEV can accelerate wound closure and improve post-recovery skin quality in the murine infected wound. Conclusively, this innovative CSMN patch offers a rapid and high-quality alternative treatment for infected wounds and emphasizes the significance of microbial homeostasis.

Regulating the Topologies and Photoresponsive Properties of Lanthanum-organic Frameworks.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) show potential application in many domains, in which photochromic MOFs (PMOFs) have received enormous attention. Researchers mainly utilize photoactive ligands to build PMOFs. Recently, the mixed electron donating and accepting ligands strategies have also been used to construct PMOFs driven by the electron transfer between nonphotochromic moieties. However, the potential interligand competition inhibits the formation of PMOFs. Therefore, the exploration of single-ligand-guided assembly is conductive for building PMOFs. Considering the existing electron accepting and donating role of pyridyl and carboxyl, the pyridinecarboxyate derived from the fusion of pyridyl and carboxyl units may serve as single ligand to yield PMOFs. In this work, the coordination assembly of bipyridinedicarboxylate (2,2'-bipyridine-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid, H2bpdc; 1,10-phenanthroline-2,9-dicarboxylic acid, H2pda) and LaCl3 generate two PMOFs, [La(bpdc)(H2O)Cl] (1) and [La(pda)(H2O)2Cl]·2H2O (2). Both complexes feature dinuclear lanthanum as building blocks with differences in the connecting number of likers, in which 1 has (4,8)-connected topology and 2 exhibits sql topology. Their structural differences result in the diversities of photoresponsive functionalities. Compared with reported PMOFs built from photoactive ligands and mixed ligands, this study provides new available categories of single ligand for generating PMOFs and tuning the structure and photoresponsive properties via ligand substitution and external photostimulus.

Interventional Study on the Effectiveness of Eye Exercises Based on Composite Feedback Model in School-Age Children.

Objective: This study aims to explore the effects of eye exercises on the accommodative ability of Chinese school-aged children. Methods: This study used a convenience cluster sampling and selected 149 students from grades 2-5 in a Wenzhou primary school to participate in the intervention in June 2022. This study involved a one-month intervention teaching eye exercises using a composite feedback model. Assessments were made at 3 and 9 months post-intervention. Data collection occurred thrice, including a baseline and two follow-ups, measuring monocular and binocular accommodative facility, monocular and binocular accommodative amplitude, CISS scale, spherical equivalent refraction, and uncorrected visual acuity. Analysis used chi-square tests and generalized estimating equations to evaluate the exercises' effectiveness, with a significance threshold of P < 0.05. Results: 134 students completed the follow-up, including 61 females (45.52%). After teaching intervention, students showed significant improvements in the accuracy of manipulation, rhythm, acupoint location, strength effectiveness and rhythm of acupressure eye exercises (all P < 0.05), with increases of 10.37%, 13.03%, 16.96%, and 25.17%, respectively. Follow-up assessments revealed both monocular and binocular accommodative amplitude at T3 were significantly higher than at T1 and T2. Moreover, the binocular accommodative amplitude in the high-quality eye exercise group remained significantly higher than that in the low-quality group even(B=1.39,1.46, P < 0.01). Eye exercises could improve monocular and binocular accommodative amplitude in the short term(P < 0.05). High-quality eye exercises could alleviate visual fatigue (B=-2.00--3.49, both P < 0.05). However, eye exercises did not demonstrate any advantages in affecting spherical equivalent refraction or uncorrected visual acuity (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Eye exercises can alleviate myopia-related symptoms in Chinese children aged 7 to 11 years. However, this study did not find that eye exercises effectively reduce the degree of myopia in children. Trial Registration: The original trial (Registration site: https://www.chictr.org.cn/ Registration number: ChiCTR2300070903) was retrospectively registered on 26/04/2023.

Potential Shared Mitochondrial-Related Gene Signatures and Molecular Mechanisms Between Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD): Evidence from Transcriptome Data and Machine Learning.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is strongly associated with major depressive disorder (MDD), but the shared pathophysiological mechanisms between them are ambiguous, and the aim of this study was to explore the shared genetic features and associated pathways between these two disorders. MDD-related genes and mitochondrial function genes were downloaded from the GeneCards database. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis of Merge Cohort (GSE80432 and GSE34526) was performed to identify PCOS-related genes. Overlaps between PCOS-related genes, MDD-related genes, and mitochondrial function genes were defined as mitochondrial function-related shared genes. Functional enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis were performed on the shared genes. Functional genes were then identified using Last Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator Regression (LASSO), and a support vector machine (SVM-RFE) was constructed to measure the accuracy of the calculations. Finally, the results were tested using the whole blood datasets GSE54250 (for PCOS) and GSE98793 (for MDD) as external validation sets. A total of 498 PCOS-related genes, 5909 MDD-related genes, and 7232 mitochondrial function genes were acquired, and totally, 40 shared genes were obtained from the overlap of the above three. The shared mitochondrial function genes were enriched for biological processes mainly involving cholesterol biosynthetic process, lipid metabolic process, triglyceride biosynthetic process, response to drug phosphatidic acid biosynthetic process, and endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Based on LASSO regression and SVM-RFE model, NPAS2 and NTS were identified as characteristic genes shared by two disorders. According to two external validation sets for PCOS and MDD, NPAS2 was finally identified as a key shared gene. Our analysis identified a mitochondrial functional gene-NPAS2-as the most critical candidate for linking PCOS and MDD. The present findings may provide new insights into the diagnosis and treatment of PCOS and MDD comorbidities.

N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) enhanced removal of cadmium and other pollutants by algae-bacteria consortia.

Signal transduction is an important mode of algae-bacteria interaction, in which bacterial quorum sensing (QS) may affect microalgal growth and metabolism. Currently, little is known whether acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) released by bacteria can affect the pollutant removal by algae-bacteria consortia (ABC). In this study, we constructed ABC using Chlorella vulgaris (Cv) with two AHLs-producing bacteria and investigated their performance in the removal of multiple pollutants, including chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), phosphorus (P), and cadmium (Cd). The AHLs-producing bacteria, namely Agrobacterium sp. (Ap) and Ensifer adherens (Ea), were capable of forming a symbiosis with C. vulgaris. Consortia of Cv and Ap with ratio of 2:1 (Cv2-Ap1) showed the optimal growth promotion and higher removal of Cd, COD, TN, and P compared to the C. vulgaris monoculture. Cv2-Ap1 ABC removed 36.1-47.5% of Cd, 94.5%-94.6% COD, 37.1%-56.0% TN, and 90.4%-93.5% P from the culture medium. In addition, increase of intracellular neutral lipids and extracellular protein, as well as the types of functional groups on cell surface contributed to Cd removal and tolerance in the Cv2-Ap1 ABC. Six AHLs were detected in the Cv2-Ap1 culture. Among these, 3OC8-HSL and 3OC12-HSL additions promoted the ABC growth and enhanced their Cd accumulation. These findings may contribute to further understanding of AHL-mediated communication between algae and bacteria and provide support bioremediation efforts of metal-containing wastewater.

Construction of a BiOI/ZnO heterojunction on biomass Juncus effusus fiber for photodegradation of organic pollutants.

Semiconductor heterojunction engineering and three-dimensional (3D) architecture construction have been considered highly desirable strategies to enhance photocatalytic performance. Herein, a BiOI/ZnO composite photocatalyst with a 3D flower-like architecture was successfully prepared, which was stably immobilized on three-dimensional porous lignocellulosic biomass Juncus effusus (JE) fiber. The outstanding photocatalytic performance of the BiOI/ZnO-JE fiber was confirmed by the degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC, 90%), ciprofloxacin (CIP, 79%), and norfloxacin (NOR, 81%). The enhanced photocatalytic activities were mainly attributed to the synergistic absorption performance of the lignocellulosic JE and the effective transfer and separation of charges. Moreover, the hydroxyl (·OH) and superoxide radicals (·O2-) are the main reactive species in the photocatalytic process according to the analysis. This work may provide a novel perspective for constructing high-performance lignocellulosic-based photocatalytic materials.

Paraneoplastic neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder associated with ovarian dysgerminoma: a case report and literature review.

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a clinical syndrome characterized by attacks of acute optic neuritis and transverse myelitis. We report a case with paraneoplastic NMOSD that improved after immunosuppressive therapy, surgical resection, and chemotherapy. A 48-year-old woman initially presented with gradual binocular visual loss over the course of one week. The patient was evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), visual evoked potential (VEP), pathological biopsy, immunohistochemistry, and autoimmune antibody testing. The brain MRI findings were normal. The VEP revealed prolonged P100 latencies in the right eye and an absence of significant waves in the left eye. Positive serum AQP4-IgG antibodies were found. The patient was diagnosed as NMOSD. Then the patient responded well to treatment with methylprednisolone. An ovarian tumor was found in the patient using abdominal MRI and CT. The tumor was surgically resected, and a pathological biopsy revealed that it was ovarian dysgerminoma. The patient received four rounds of chemotherapy after surgery. One month after the final chemotherapy treatment, a positron emission tomography (PET) scan revealed no tumor. The vision of the patient gradually recovered and serum AQP4 was negative. Furthermore, we summarized the characteristics of patients diagnosed with paraneoplastic NMOSD associated with ovarian neoplasms in previous studies. This is a characteristic case of overlapping NMOSD and ovarian dysgerminoma, demonstrating the importance of tumor therapy in cases of paraneoplastic NMOSD.

Application of Refrigerant Cooling in a Battery Thermal Management System under High Temperature Conditions: A Review.

Battery thermal management (BTM) is crucial for the lifespan and safety of batteries. Refrigerant cooling is a novel cooling technique that is being used gradually. As the core fluid of refrigerant cooling, refrigerants need to possess excellent properties while meeting environmental requirements. This paper elucidates the current state of refrigerants (single refrigerants and mixed refrigerants), synchronously summarizing them from the perspectives of refrigerant properties and refrigerant cooling (immersion and cold plate indirect). It outlines the advantages and disadvantages of single and mixed refrigerants as well as the research and development in the vehicle thermal management system (TMS). The choice of refrigerant directly affects cooling performance, and research on vehicle air conditioning (AC) systems can indirectly guide the BTM. R1234yf and R152a can directly replace R134a, while although R744 has a strong heating capacity, it cannot directly replace R134a. Specific mixed refrigerants reduce the global warming potential (GWP) and flammability issues, thereby improving system efficiency. Additionally, immersion cooling controls the temperature through container pressure. Coordinated control strategies are crucial for indirect cold plate cooling, offering broad prospects for optimizing the cold plate design and intelligent control. The selection of refrigerant and the optimal design of the cooling method greatly improve the thermal performance of the battery. This may promote the good development of BTM.

Innate lymphoid cell-based immunomodulatory hydrogel microspheres containing Cutibacterium acnes extracellular vesicles for the treatment of psoriasis.

Psoriasis is a chronic skin inflammation influenced by dysregulated skin microbiota, with the role of microbiota in psoriasis gaining increasing prominence. Bacterial extracellular vesicles (bEVs) serve as crucial regulators in the interaction between hosts and microbiota. However, the mechanism underlying the therapeutic potential of bEVs from commensal bacteria in psoriasis remains unclear. Here, we investigated the therapeutic role of Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes)-derived extracellular vesicles (CA-EVs) in psoriasis treatment. To prolong the active duration of CA-EVs, we encapsulated them in gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) to fabricate hydrogel microspheres (CA-EVs@GHM) with sustained release properties. As GelMA degraded, CA-EVs were gradually released, maintaining a high concentration in mouse skin even 96 h post-treatment. In human keratinocyte cells (HaCaT), CA-EVs@GHM enhanced resistance to Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), promoted proliferation and migration of HaCaT cells exposed to S. aureus, and significantly reduced the expression of inflammatory genes such as interleukin (IL)-6 and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8). In vivo, CA-EVs@GHM, more potent than CA-EVs alone, markedly attenuated proinflammatory gene expression, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF), Il6, Il17a, Il22 and Il23a in imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis-like mice, and restored skin barrier function. 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that CA-EVs@GHM might provide therapeutic effects against psoriasis by restoring microbiota diversity on the back skin of mice, reducing Staphylococcus colonization, and augmenting lipid metabolism. Furthermore, flow cytometry analysis showed that CA-EVs@GHM prevented the conversion of type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) to type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3) in psoriasis-like mouse skin, reducing the pathogenic ILC3 population and suppressing the secretion of IL-17 and IL-22. In summary, our findings demonstrate that the long-term sustained release of CA-EVs alleviated psoriasis symptoms by controlling the transformation of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) subgroups and restoring skin microbiota homeostasis, thus offering a promising therapy for psoriasis treatment. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Cutibacterium acnes, which is reduced in psoriasis skin, has been reported to promote skin homeostasis by regulating immune balance. Compared to live bacteria, bacterial extracellular vesicles (bEVs) are less prone to toxicity and safety concerns. bEVs play a pivotal role in maintaining bacterial homeostasis and modulating the immune system. However,bEVs without sustained release materials are unable to function continuously in chronic diseases. Therefore, we utilized hydrogel microspheres to encapsulate Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes)-derived extracellular vesicles (CA-EVs), enabling long term sustained release. Our findings indicate that, CA-EVs loaded gelatin methacrylate hydrogel microspheres (CA-EVs@GHM) showed superior therapeutic effects in treating psoriasis compared to CA-EVs. CA-EVs@GHM exhibited a more significant regulation of pathological type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3) and skin microbiota, providing a promising approach for microbiota-derived extracellular vesicle therapy in the treatment of skin inflammation.

Dynamics of antibiotic resistance genes and the association with bacterial community during pig manure composting with chitin and glucosamine addition.

In modern ecological systems, the overuse and misuse of antibiotics have escalated the prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs), positioning them as emerging environmental contaminants. Notably, composting serves as a sustainable method to recycle agricultural waste into nutrient-rich fertilizer while potentially reducing ARGs and MGEs. This study conducted a 47-day composting experiment using pig manure and corn straw, supplemented with chitin and N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine, to explore the impact of these additives on the dynamics of ARGs and MGEs, and to unravel the interplay between these genetic elements and microbial communities in pig manure composting. Results showed that adding 5% chitin into composting significantly postponed thermophilic phase, yet enhanced the removal efficiency of total ARGs and MGEs by over 20% compared to the control. Additionally, the addition of N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine significantly increased the abundance of tetracycline-resistant and sulfonamide-resistant genes, as well as MGEs. High-throughput sequencing revealed that N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine enhanced bacterial α-diversity, providing diverse hosts for ARGs and MGEs. Resistance mechanisms, predominantly efflux pumps and antibiotic deactivation, played a pivotal role in shaping the resistome of composting process. Co-occurrence network analysis identified the key bacterial phyla Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Gemmatimonadota, and Myxococcota in ARGs and MGEs transformation and dissemination. Redundancy analysis indicated that physicochemical factors, particularly the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio emerged as critical variables influencing ARGs and MGEs. The findings lay a foundation for the developing microbial regulation method to reduce the risks of ARGs in animal manure composts.

A chemical genetic screen with the EXO70 inhibitor Endosidin2 uncovers potential modulators of exocytosis in Arabidopsis.

Exocytosis plays an essential role in delivering proteins, lipids, and cell wall polysaccharides to the plasma membrane and extracellular spaces. Accurate secretion through exocytosis is key to normal plant development as well as responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. During exocytosis, an octameric protein complex named the exocyst facilitates the tethering of secretory vesicles to the plasma membrane. Despite some understanding of molecular and cellular aspects of exocyst function obtained through reverse genetics and direct interaction assays, knowledge about upstream modulators and genetic interactors remains limited. Traditional genetic screens encounter practical issues in exocyst subunit mutant backgrounds, such as lethality of certain knockout mutants and/or potential redundancy of EXO70 homologs. To address these challenges, this study leverages the tunable and reversible nature of chemical genetics, employing Endosidin2 (ES2)-a synthetic inhibitor of EXO70-for a large-scale chemical genetic mutant screen in Arabidopsis. This approach led to the identification of 70 ES2-hypersensitive mutants, named es2s. Through a whole-genome sequencing-based mapping strategy, 14 nonallelic es2s mutants were mapped and the candidate mutations reported here. In addition, T-DNA insertion lines were tested as alternative alleles to identify causal mutations. We found that T-DNA insertion alleles for DCP5, VAS1/ISS1, ArgJ, and MEF11 were hypersensitive to ES2 for root growth inhibition. This research not only offers new genetic resources for systematically identifying molecular players interacting with the exocyst in Arabidopsis but also enhances understanding of the regulation of exocytosis.

The role of Interleukin-22 in severe acute pancreatitis.

Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) begins with premature activation of enzymes, promoted by the immune system, triggering a potential systemic inflammatory response that leads to organ failure with increased mortality and a bleak prognosis. Interleukin-22 (IL-22) is a cytokine that may have a significant role in SAP. IL-22, a member of the IL-10 cytokine family, has garnered growing interest owing to its potential tissue-protective properties. Recently, emerging research has revealed its specific effects on pancreatic diseases, particularly SAP. This paper provides a review of the latest knowledge on the role of IL-22 and its viability as a therapeutic target in SAP.

[Feasibility of non-invasive prenatal testing for the detection of fetal chromosomal copy number variants].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the feasibility of non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) for detecting fetal chromosomal copy number variants (CNV). METHODS: A retrospective analysis was carried out on NIPT positive samples in Suzhou Municipal Hospital from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2021. The effect of NIPT on fetal CNV detection was assessed by comparison with the results of karyotype analysis and/or chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA). RESULTS: Among the 525 NIPT positive samples, 146 were CNV cases, of which 84 were further verified by karyotyping and/or CMA, 29 (34.5%) were true positive. Among them, 12 cases were pathogenic variants, 2 cases were likely pathogenic variants and 15 cases were variants of uncertain significance. CONCLUSION: NIPT could detect CNV with high accuracy, and to combine CNV detection and chromosomal aneuploidy detection has great significance to improve the prenatal and postnatal care.

The impact of fear of cancer recurrence on the quality of life of breast cancer patients: A longitudinal study of the mediation effect of cortisol and hope.

OBJECTIVE: This longitudinal study sought to explore the impact of cortisol and hope levels on Fear of Cancer Recurrence (FCR) and Quality of Life (QOL) in a cohort of 552 breast cancer patients from three centers in Wuhan City. METHOD: A longitudinal study involving 552 breast cancer patients from three centers in Wuhan City utilized Chinese versions of the Fear of Progression Questionnaire-Short Form (FoP-Q-SF), the Herth Hope Index (HHI), and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast (FACT-B) scale. Cortisol levels were measured thrice daily, and data was collected longitudinally three times. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 26.0 and Mplus 8.3, employing a longitudinal path model constructed via the cross-lagged method. RESULTS: The results showed there were significant correlations between FCR, cortisol levels, and QOL at different time points. A significant mediating model was found with outcomes related to hope levels. Specifically, FCR predicted a decrease in hope levels (ß = -0.163, p < 0.001), which in turn led to a decrease in overall QOL (ß = -0.078, p < 0.001), with a mediation effect accounting for 10.34%. Although there were correlations between FCR, cortisol levels, and QOL at different time points, further analysis revealed that cortisol levels did not exhibit a mediating effect between the two (95% confidence interval: -0.002 to 0.001). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated there were significant correlations among FCR, QOL, and hope levels. Considering hope as a crucial mediator between FCR and QOL, potential intervention strategies for optimizing the QOL of breast cancer patients are proposed.

Characterization of Key Aroma Compounds and Main Contributing Amino Acids in Hot-Pressed Oil Prepared from Various Peanut Varieties.

The production of peanut oil in the industrial sector necessitates the utilization of diverse raw materials to generate consistent batches with stable flavor profiles, thereby leading to an increased focus on understanding the correlation between raw materials and flavor characteristics. In this study, sensory evaluations, headspace solid-phase micro-extraction gas chromatography mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS), odor activity value (OAV) calculations, and correlation analysis were employed to investigate the flavors and main contributing amino acids of hot-pressed oils derived from different peanut varieties. The results confirmed that the levels of alcohols, aldehydes, and heterocyclic compounds in peanut oil varied among nine different peanut varieties under identical processing conditions. The OAVs of 25 key aroma compounds, such as methylthiol, 3-ethyl-2,5-dimethylpyrazine, and 2,3-glutarone, exceeded a value of 1. The sensory evaluations and flavor content analysis demonstrated that pyrazines significantly influenced the flavor profile of the peanut oil. The concentrations of 11 amino acids showed a strong correlation with the levels of pyrazines. Notably, phenylalanine, lysine, glutamic acid, arginine, and isoleucine demonstrated significant associations with both pyrazine and nut flavors. These findings will provide valuable insights for enhancing the sensory attributes of peanut oil and selecting optimal raw peanuts for its production.

The causal effects of genetically determined immune cells on gynecologic malignancies: a Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Evidence from observational studies suggested a connection between immune cells and gynecologic malignancies. To investigate potential causative associations between immunophenotype traits and gynecologic malignancies, we used a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis. Methods: The genetic instrumental variables of 731 immunophenotypes of peripheral blood were obtained by the GWAS database; the GWAS data of common gynecologic cancers were obtained from FinnGen study. The main statistic method was the inverse-variance weighted method. We also used the weighted mode, weighted median, and MR Egger for evaluations. The MR Steiger directionality test was further used to ascertain the reverse causal relationship between immune cells and gynecologic cancers. Results: We identified 50 highly probable immunophenotypes and 65 possible ones associated with gynecologic malignancies. The majority of the B cell panel was protective factors in cervical cancer. However, there was a correlation found in the B cells panel with a probable factor associated with an elevated risk of endometrial cancer. Immunophenotypes in the monocyte panel were linked to a lower probability of ovarian cancer and vulvar cancer. All of the gynecologic cancers in our study had no statistically significant impact on immune cells, according to reverse MR analysis. Conclusion: Our study firstly emphasized the genetically predicted causality between immune cells and gynecologic malignancies. This knowledge will be critical to formulating the measures to prevent malignancies in female at risk in future clinical practice.

Development and psychometric evaluation of beliefs about the orthokeratology lens compliance scale (BOLCS): Based on the theory of planned behavior.

PURPOSE: Non-adherence to standard wear, care, and follow-up procedures is a major risk factor for contact lens-related complications. The effectiveness of orthokeratology largely depends on the wearer's adherence. However, a deficiency in scales capturing adherence beliefs pertinent to orthokeratology exacerbates the lack of guidance for effective intervention strategies. The purpose of this study is to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of a new scale based on the Theory of Planned Behavior that assesses the level of adherence among ortho-k wearers. METHODS: This study involved three stages following the STROBE checklist: (1) developing initial scale items based on the Theory of Planned Behavior, a literature review, and a qualitative study; (2) evaluation of content and face validity; (3) psychometric testing on 296 participants. Item analysis, based on Classical Test Theory, assessed the overall consistency, reliability, and validity of the scale. RESULTS: The final 37-item Beliefs about the Orthokeratology Lens Compliance Scale (BOLCS) comprises 11 dimensions. The Cronbach's alpha coefficients for each dimension ranged from 0.560 to 0.798. The folded half reliabilities were 0.845, and the combined reliabilities ranged from 0.676 to 0.793, indicating strong reliability. Item-level CVI (I-CVI) and scale-level CVI/average (S-CVI/Ave) values, assessed by the panel, ranged from 0.71 to 1 and 0.954, respectively. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported a factor structure consistent with the theoretical model. CONCLUSIONS: The scale's construction adhered to a standardized process, yielding preliminary validation results with satisfactory reliability and validity.

Gas explosion characteristics and spray control mechanism in underground square.

The spray system mechanism during a gas explosion in an underground square pipeline is complex. In this paper, the underground square of Fuxin City is selected as the research object. FLACS numerical simulation software is used to analyze the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of a gas explosion in an underground square pipeline with an unopened spray system using combustion and combustion rate models. Different spray pressures were compared and analyzed to determine the optimal spray control pressure, and the spray system mechanism was clarified. The results revealed that the gas explosion overpressure is divided into the overpressure gentle, overpressure rising, and overpressure decay stages, corresponding to a trend of rapid growth and slow decline. The influence of spray pressure on the gas explosion exhibits a promotion-inhibition-promotion trend, corresponding to 0-0.2 MPa, 0.2-0.6 MPa, and 0.6-1.6 Mpa, respectively. The peak overpressure and overpressure propagation rates are the lowest at 0.6 MPa, and the explosion suppression effect is the most pronounced. The spray system mechanism varies with the explosion overpressure stages. Generally, the time to peak value, that is, the peak time, the overall duration of the explosion, and the duration of the explosion stage decrease, whereas the peak explosion overpressure decreases.

Research progress on the mechanism of action of Salvia miltiorrhiza and its components in the treatment of endometrial carcinoma.

The incidence and mortality of endometrial carcinoma (EC) are increasing year by year. Although the curative effect of surgery and commonly used drugs is clear, it is accompanied by obvious side effects, and safe and effective means are urgently needed to promote the curative effect and decrease the toxicity of drugs. Traditional Chinese medicine has been passed down for thousands of years in China and has proved to be advantageous in the treatment of various cancers and the auxiliary enhancement and reduction of toxicity. This paper reviewed the role and internal mechanism of Salvia miltiorrhiza in preventing and treating endometrial carcinoma by referring to relevant literature and works, so as to more comprehensively understand and grasp the research status, effective components, curative effect and effective mechanism of S. miltiorrhiza in preventing and treating endometrial carcinoma, and provide ideas and basis for clinical use and basic research.

Mediating effects of attitude on the relationship between knowledge and willingness to organ donation among nursing students.

Background: The current rate of organ donation in China falls significantly below the global average and the actual demand. Nursing students play a crucial role in supporting and promoting social and public welfare activities. This study primary aims to analyze the levels of knowledge, attitudes, willingness toward organ donation, and attitudes toward death among nursing students, and investigate the mediating role of attitude in the relationship between knowledge and willingness. The secondary aims to identify factors that may influence the willingness. Methods: A convenience sample of nursing students completed online-administered questionnaires measuring the level of knowledge, attitudes, and willingness toward organ donation before and after clinical internship. Spearman correlation and mediation analyses were used for data analyses. Results: Before the clinical internship, there were 435 nursing students who had not yet obtained their degrees and were completing their clinical internships. After the internship, this number decreased to 323. The mean score for knowledge before and after the clinical internship (7.17 before and 7.22 after, with no significant difference), the attitude (4.58 before and 4.36 after, with significant difference), the willingness (12.41% before and 8.67% after, with significant difference), the Death Attitude Profile-Revised (DAP-R) score (94.41 before and 92.56 after, with significant difference). The knowledge indirectly affected nursing students' willingness to organ donation through attitude. Knowledge had a direct and positive impact on attitudes (ß = 1.564). Additionally, nursing students' attitudes positively affected their willingness (ß = 0.023). Attitudes played a mediating role in the relationship between knowledge and willingness (ß = 0.035). Additionally, attitude toward death, fear of death, and acceptance of the concept of escape were found to be correlated with their willingness. Conclusion: Organ donation willingness was found to be low among nursing students. Positive attitudes were identified as a mediating factor between knowledge and willingness. Additionally, DAP-R was a related factor. Therefore, it is recommended to focus on improving knowledge and attitude, as well as providing death education to help nursing students establish a positive attitude toward death. These efforts can contribute to the promotion of organ donation.