Quercetin inhibits chronic stress-mediated progression of triple-negative breast cancer by blocking ß2-AR/ERK1/2 pathway.

Chronic stress-mediated sustained release of neurotransmitters, which ultimately leads to the activation of ß2-adrenergic receptor (ß2-AR) signaling, is one of the most important reasons for triple-negative breast cancer (TBNC) progression. Quercetin (Que) has been proven to have the advantage of ameliorating stress psychological disorder. Our present study aimed to investigate the effect of Que on tumor growth and metastasis in TNBC xenograft mice undergoing stress, and to explore its underlying mechanisms. We first evaluated the effect of Que on the progression of TNBC in nude mice in vivo. The results showed that, Que could inhibit chronic stress-induced TNBC growth and occurrence of lung metastasis. We subsequently employed epinephrine (E) as a representative of stress hormone to investigate its possible mechanism in vitro. The results showed that, Que could inhibit E-mediated proliferation and migration of TNBC cells by blocking ß2-AR/ERK1/2 pathway. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that Que could inhibit chronic stress-induced ERK1/2 activity in TNBC cells, and thereby weakening the potential for TNBC growth and metastasis.

NMN synbiotics intervention modulates gut microbiota and metabolism in APP/PS1 Alzheimer's disease mouse models.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative condition with growing evidence implicating the gut microbiota in its pathogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the effects of NMN synbiotics, a combination of ß-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), Lactobacillus plantarum, and lactulose, on the gut microbiota composition and metabolic profiles in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Results demonstrated that NMN synbiotics led to a notable restructuring of the gut microbiota, with a decreased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio in the AD mice, suggesting a potential amelioration of gut dysbiosis. Alpha diversity indices indicated a reduction in microbial diversity following NMN synbiotics supplementation, while beta diversity analyses revealed a shift towards a more balanced microbial community structure. Functional predictions based on the 16S rRNA data highlighted alterations in metabolic pathways, particularly those related to amino acid and energy metabolism, which are crucial for neuronal health. The metabolomic analysis uncovered a significant impact of NMN synbiotics on the gut metabolome, with normalization of metabolic composition in AD mice. Differential metabolite functions were enriched in pathways associated with neurotransmitter synthesis and energy metabolism, pointing to the potential therapeutic effects of NMN synbiotics in modulating the gut-brain axis and synaptic function in AD. Immunohistochemical staining observed a significant reduction of amyloid plaques formed by Aß deposition in the brain of AD mice after NMN synbiotics intervention. The findings underscore the potential of using synbiotics to ameliorate the neurodegenerative processes associated with Alzheimer's disease, opening new avenues for therapeutic interventions.

A versatile dilution-treatment-detection microfluidic chip platform for rapid In vitro lung cancer drug combination sensitivity evaluation.

Combination drug therapy represents an effective strategy for treating certain drug-resistant and intractable cancer cases. However, determining the optimal combination of drugs and dosages is challenging due to clonal diversity in patients' tumors and the lack of rapid drug sensitivity evaluation methods. Microfluidic technology offers promising solutions to this issue. In this study, we propose a versatile microfluidic chip platform capable of integrating all processes, including dilution, treatment, and detection, for in vitro drug sensitivity assays. This platform innovatively incorporates several modules, including automated discrete drug logarithmic concentration generation, on-chip cell perfusion culture, and parallel drug treatments of cancer cell models. Moreover, it is compatible with microplate readers or high-content imaging systems for swift detection and automated monitoring, simplifying on-chip drug evaluation. Proof of concept is demonstrated by assessing the in vitro potency of two drugs, cisplatin, and etoposide, against the lung adenocarcinoma A549 cell line, under both single-drug and combination treatment conditions. The findings reveal that, compared to conventional microplate approaches with static cultivation, this on-chip automated perfusion bioassays yield comparable IC50 values with lower variation and a 50 % reduction in drug preparation time. This versatile dilution-treatment-detection microfluidic platform offers a promising tool for rapid and precise drug assessments, facilitating in vitro drug sensitivity evaluation in personalized cancer chemotherapy.

Screening of co-expressed genes in hypopharyngeal carcinoma with esophageal carcinoma based on RNA sequencing and Clinical Research.

To explore the hub comorbidity genes and potential pathogenic mechanisms of hypopharyngeal carcinoma with esophageal carcinoma, and evaluate their diagnostic value for hypopharyngeal carcinoma with co-morbid esophageal carcinoma. We performed gene sequencing on tumor tissues from 6 patients with hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (hereafter referred to as "group A") and 6 patients with pure hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (hereafter referred to as "group B"). We analyzed the mechanism of hub genes in the development and progression of hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma through bioinformatics, and constructed an ROC curve and Nomogram prediction model to analyze the value of hub genes in clinical diagnosis and treatment. 44,876 genes were sequenced in 6 patients with group A and 6 patients with group B. Among them, 76 genes showed significant statistical differences between the group A and the group B.47 genes were expressed lower in the group A than in the group B, and 29 genes were expressed higher. The top five hub genes were GABRG2, CACNA1A, CNTNAP2, NOS1, and SCN4B. GABRG2, CNTNAP2, and SCN4B in the hub genes have high diagnostic value in determining whether hypopharyngeal carcinoma patients have combined esophageal carcinoma (AUC: 0.944, 0.944, 0.972). These genes could possibly be used as potential molecular markers for assessing the risk of co-morbidity of hypopharyngeal carcinoma combined with esophageal carcinoma.

Uncommon P1 Anchor-featured Viral T Cell Epitope Preference within HLA-A*2601 and HLA-A*0101 Individuals.

The individual HLA-related susceptibility to emerging viral diseases such as COVID-19 underscores the importance of understanding how HLA polymorphism influences peptide presentation and T cell recognition. Similar to HLA-A*0101, which is one of the earliest identified HLA alleles among the human population, HLA-A*2601 possesses a similar characteristic for the binding peptide and acts as a prevalent allomorph in HLA-I. In this study, we found that, compared with HLA-A*0101, HLA-A*2601 individuals exhibit distinctive features for the T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus after infection and/or vaccination. The heterogeneous T cell responses can be attributed to the distinct preference of HLA-A*2601 and HLA-A*0101 to T cell epitope motifs with negative-charged residues at the P1 and P3 positions, respectively. Furthermore, we determined the crystal structures of the HLA-A*2601 complexed to four peptides derived from SARS-CoV-2 and human papillomavirus, with one structure of HLA-A*0101 for comparison. The shallow pocket C of HLA-A*2601 results in the promiscuous presentation of peptides with "switchable" bulged conformations because of the secondary anchor in the median portion. Notably, the hydrogen bond network formed between the negative-charged P1 anchors and the HLA-A*2601-specific residues lead to a "closed" conformation and solid placement for the P1 secondary anchor accommodation in pocket A. This insight sheds light on the intricate relationship between HLA I allelic allomorphs, peptide binding, and the immune response and provides valuable implications for understanding disease susceptibility and potential vaccine design.

Ammonia-Responsive Colorimetric Film of Phytochemical Formulation (Alizarin) Grafted onto ZIF-8 Carrier with Poly(vinyl alcohol) and Sodium Alginate for Beef Freshness Monitoring.

In this study, we devised a photothermally stable phytochemical dye by leveraging alizarin in conjunction with the metal-organic framework ZIF-8 (AL@ZIF-8). The approach involved grafting alizarin into the microporous structure of ZIF-8 through physical adsorption and hydrogen-bonding interactions. AL@ZIF-8 significantly enhanced the photostability and thermostability of alizarin. The nanoparticles demonstrate substantial color changes in various pH environments, showcasing their potential for meat freshness monitoring. Furthermore, we introduced an intelligent film utilizing poly(vinyl alcohol)-sodium alginate-AL@ZIF-8 (PA-SA-ZA) for detecting beef freshness. The sensor exhibited a superior water contact angle (52.34°) compared to the alizarin indicator. The color stability of the film was significantly enhanced under visible and UV light (ΔE < 5). During beef storage, the film displayed significant color fluctuations correlating with TVB-N (R2=0.9067), providing precise early warning signals for assessing beef freshness.

How different text display patterns affect cybersickness in augmented reality.

Cybersickness remains a pivotal factor that impacts user experience in Augmented Reality (AR). Research probing into the relationship between AR reading tasks and cybersickness, particularly focusing on text display patterns and user characteristics, has been scant. Moreover, the influence of cybersickness on searching ability and the broader spectrum of user experience has not been rigorously tested. Recent investigations have aimed to pinpoint the variables that contribute to cybersickness during AR reading sessions. In one such study, 40 participants underwent a series of controlled experiments with randomized text display patterns, including variations in text speed and text movement modes. Post-experiment, participants completed a questionnaire that helped quantify their experiences and the degree of cybersickness encountered. The data highlighted that satiety, text speed, and text movement mode are significant contributors to cybersickness. When participants experienced higher levels of cybersickness, font color stood out as a particularly influential factor, whereas gender differences seemed to affect the onset of cybersickness more noticeably at lower levels. This study also drew attention to the impact of cybersickness on search ability within AR environments. It was noted that as cybersickness intensity increased, search ability was markedly compromised. In sum, the research underscores the importance of text display patterns and user characteristics, such as past AR experience, in understanding cybersickness and its detrimental effects on user experience and search ability, particularly under conditions of intense cybersickness.

Effects of non-invasive cervical spinal cord neuromodulation by trans-spinal electrical stimulation on cortico-muscular descending patterns in upper extremity of chronic stroke.

Background: Trans-spinal electrical stimulation (tsES) to the intact spinal cord poststroke may modulate the cortico-muscular control in stroke survivors with diverse lesions in the brain. This work aimed to investigate the immediate effects of tsES on the cortico-muscular descending patterns during voluntary upper extremity (UE) muscle contractions by analyzing cortico-muscular coherence (CMCoh) and electromyography (EMG) in people with chronic stroke. Methods: Twelve chronic stroke participants were recruited to perform wrist-hand extension and flexion tasks at submaximal levels of voluntary contraction for the corresponding agonist flexors and extensors. During the tasks, the tsES was delivered to the cervical spinal cord with rectangular biphasic pulses. Electroencephalography (EEG) data were collected from the sensorimotor cortex, and the EMG data were recorded from both distal and proximal UE muscles. The CMCoh, laterality index (LI) of the peak CMCoh, and EMG activation level parameters under both non-tsES and tsES conditions were compared to evaluate the immediate effects of tsES on the cortico-muscular descending pathway. Results: The CMCoh and LI of peak CMCoh in the agonist distal muscles showed significant increases (p < 0.05) during the wrist-hand extension and flexion tasks with the application of tsES. The EMG activation levels of the antagonist distal muscle during wrist-hand extension were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) with tsES. Additionally, the proximal UE muscles exhibited significant decreases (p < 0.05) in peak CMCoh and EMG activation levels by applying tsES. There was a significant increase (p < 0.05) in LI of peak CMCoh of proximal UE muscles during tsES. Conclusion: The cervical spinal cord neuromodulation via tsES enhanced the residual descending excitatory control, activated the local inhibitory circuits within the spinal cord, and reduced the cortical and proximal muscular compensatory effects. These results suggested the potential of tsES as a supplementary input for improving UE motor functions in stroke rehabilitation.

Reshaping Phosphatase Substrate Preference for Controlled Biosynthesis Using a "Design-Build-Test-Learn" Framework.

Biosynthesis is the application of enzymes in microbial cell factories and has emerged as a promising alternative to chemical synthesis. However, natural enzymes with limited catalytic performance often need to be engineered to meet specific needs through a time-consuming trial-and-error process. This study presents a quantum mechanics (QM)-incorporated design-build-test-learn (DBTL) framework to rationally design phosphatase BT4131, an enzyme with an ambiguous substrate spectrum involved in N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) biosynthesis. First, mutant M1 (L129Q) is designed using force field-based methods, resulting in a 1.4-fold increase in substrate preference (kcat/Km) toward GlcNAc-6-phosphate (GlcNAc6P). QM calculations indicate that the shift in substrate preference is caused by a 13.59 kcal mol-1 reduction in activation energy. Furthermore, an iterative computer-aided design is conducted to stabilize the transition state. As a result, mutant M4 (I49Q/L129Q/G172L) with a 9.5-fold increase in kcat-GlcNAc6P/Km-GlcNAc6P and a 59% decrease in kcat-Glc6P/Km-Glc6P is highly desirable compared to the wild type in the GlcNAc-producing chassis. The GlcNAc titer increases to 217.3 g L-1 with a yield of 0.597 g (g glucose)-1 in a 50-L bioreactor, representing the highest reported level. Collectively, this DBTL framework provides an easy yet fascinating approach to the rational design of enzymes for industrially viable biocatalysts.

Programming of Supercrystals Using Replicable DNA-Functionalized Colloids.

The development of self-replicating systems is of great importance in research on the origin of life. As the most iconic molecules, nucleic acids have provided prominent examples of the fabrication of self-replicating artificial nanostructures. However, it is still challenging to construct sophisticated synthetic systems that can create large-scale or three-dimensionally ordered nanomaterials using self-replicating nanostructures. By integrating a template system containing DNA-functionalized colloidal seeds with a simplified DNA strand-displacement circuit programmed subsystem to produce DNA-functionalized colloidal copies, we developed a facile enthalpy-mediated strategy to control the replication and catalytic assembly of DNA-functionalized colloids in a time-dependent manner. The replication efficiency and crystal quality of the resulting superlattice structures can be effectively increased by regulating the molar ratio of the template to the copy colloids. By constructing binary systems from two types of gold nanoparticles (or proteins), superlattice structures with different crystal symmetries can be obtained through the replication and catalytic assembly processes. This programmable enthalpy-mediated approach was easily leveraged to achieve the phase transformation and catalytic amplification of colloidal crystals starting from different initial template crystals. This work offers a potential way to construct self-replicating artificial systems that exhibit complicated phase behaviors and can produce large-scale superlattice nanomaterials.

Neutrophil extracellular traps mediate cardiomyocyte ferroptosis via the Hippo-Yap pathway to exacerbate doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity.

Doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC), which is a cardiovascular complication, has become the foremost determinant of decreased quality of life and mortality among survivors of malignant tumors, in addition to recurrence and metastasis. The limited ability to accurately predict the occurrence and severity of doxorubicin-induced injury has greatly hindered the prevention of DIC, but reducing the dose to mitigate side effects may compromise the effective treatment of primary malignancies. This has posed a longstanding clinical challenge for oncologists and cardiologists. Ferroptosis in cardiomyocytes has been shown to be a pivotal mechanism underlying cardiac dysfunction in DIC. Ferroptosis is influenced by multiple factors. The innate immune response, as exemplified by neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), may play a significant role in the regulation of ferroptosis. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the involvement of NETs in doxorubicin-induced cardiomyocyte ferroptosis and elucidate their regulatory role. This study confirmed the presence of NETs in DIC in vivo. Furthermore, we demonstrated that depleting neutrophils effectively reduced the occurrence of doxorubicin-induced ferroptosis and myocardial injury in DIC. Additionally, our findings showed the pivotal role of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) as a critical molecule implicated in DIC and emphasized its involvement in the modulation of ferroptosis subsequent to NETs inhibition. Mechanistically, we obtained preliminary evidence suggesting that doxorubicin-induced NETs could modulate yes-associated protein (YAP) activity by releasing HMGB1, which subsequently bound to toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) on the cardiomyocyte membrane, thereby influencing cardiomyocyte ferroptosis in vitro. Our findings suggest that doxorubicin-induced NETs modulate cardiomyocyte ferroptosis via the HMGB1/TLR4/YAP axis, thereby contributing to myocardial injury. This study offers a novel approach for preventing and alleviating DIC by targeting alterations in the immune microenvironment.

Preparation, structural characterization, biological activity, and nutritional applications of oligosaccharides.

Oligosaccharides are low-molecular-weight carbohydrates between monosaccharides and polysaccharides. They can be extracted directly from natural products by physicochemical methods or obtained by chemical synthesis or enzymatic reaction. Oligosaccharides have important physicochemical and physiological properties. Their research and production involve many disciplines such as medicine, chemical industry, and biology. Functional oligosaccharides, as an excellent functional food base, can be used as dietary fibrer and prebiotics to enrich the diet; improve the microecology of the gut; exert antitumour, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and lipid-lowering properties. Therefore, the industrial applications of oligosaccharides have increased rapidly in the past few years. It has great prospects in the field of food and medicinal chemistry. This review summarized the preparation, structural features and biological activities of oligosaccharides, with particular emphasis on the application of functional oligosaccharides in the food industry and human nutritional health. It aims to inform further research and development of oligosaccharides and food chemistry.

Correlation between PD-1 and sPD-L1 expression levels in peripheral blood of DLBCL patients and their clinicopathological characteristics.

Molecular pathology and clinical characteristics play a crucial role in guiding treatment selection and predicting the prognosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1), have emerged as pivotal regulators of immune checkpoints in cancer. The objectives of this study are to investigate the correlation between the expression levels of PD-1 and soluble PD-L1 (sPD-L1) in the peripheral blood of DLBCL patients, analyze their clinicopathological characteristics, and identify the optimal beneficiary group for PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. Peripheral blood samples were collected from 36 DLBCL patients before their initial treatment at Shandong Cancer Hospital between December 2018 and July 2019. The expression levels of PD-1 and sPD-L1 were measured using flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. The clinicopathological characteristics, including age, sex, Ann Arbor stage, International Prognostic Index (IPI) score, response to treatment, etc., were recorded for each patient. The surface expression of PD-1 on peripheral blood T cells was significantly higher in DLBCL patients compared to healthy controls. There was a significant association between elevated PD-1 expression levels and the advanced Ann Arbor stage (P=0.0153) as well as the B group (P=0.0184). Higher sPD-L1 levels were associated with the GCB subtype according to Hans's classification (P=0.0435). The expression levels of PD-1 and sPD-L1 in the peripheral blood of DLBCL patients are significantly correlated with advanced disease stage, B group, and GCB subtype according to Hans's classification. This suggests that the PD-1/PD-L1 axis play a critical role in specific subgroups of DLBCL. Targeting this axis could serve as a potential therapeutic strategy to enhance the clinical outcomes of DLBCL patients. Further studies are necessary to explore the prognostic implications of PD-1 and sPD-L1 expression levels in DLBCL patients.

Predictive and Prognostic Potentials of Lymphocyte-C-Reactive Protein Ratio Upon Hospitalization in Adult Patients with Acute Pancreatitis.

Purpose: In this study, our objective was to investigate the potential utility of lymphocyte-C-reactive protein ratio (LCR) as a predictor of disease progression and a screening tool for intensive care unit (ICU) admission in adult patients with acute pancreatitis (AP). Methods: We included a total of 217 adult patients with AP who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University between July 2019 and June 2022. These patients were categorized into three groups: mild AP (MAP), moderately severe AP (MSAP), and severe AP (SAP), based on the presence and duration of organ dysfunction. Various demographic and clinical data were collected and compared among different disease severity groups. Results: Height, diabetes, lymphocyte count (LYMPH), lymphocyte percentage (LYM%), platelet count (PLT), D-Dimer, albumin (ALB), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (SCr), glucose (GLU), calcium ion (Ca2+), C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), hospitalization duration, ICU admission, need for BP, LCR, sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, bedside index for severity in AP (BISAP) score, and modified Marshall score showed significant differences across different disease severity groups upon hospitalization. Notably, there were significant differences in LCR between the MAP group and the MSAP and SAP combined group, and the MAP and MSAP combined group and the SAP group, and adult AP patients with ICU admission and those without ICU admission upon hospitalization. Conclusion: In summary, LCR upon hospitalization can be utilized as a simple and reliable predictor of disease progression and a screening tool for ICU admission in adult patients with AP.

Dynamic lymphocyte-CRP ratio as a predictor: a single-centre retrospective study on disease severity and progression in adult COVID-19 patients.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of dynamic changes in lymphocyte-C-reactive protein ratio (LCR) on differentiating disease severity and predicting disease progression in adult patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS: This single-centre retrospective study enrolled adult COVID-19 patients categorized into moderate, severe and critical groups according to the Diagnosis and Treatment of New Coronavirus Pneumonia (ninth edition). Demographic and clinical data were collected. LCR and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score were calculated. Lymphocyte count and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were monitored on up to four occasions. Disease severity was determined concurrently with each LCR measurement. RESULTS: This study included 145 patients assigned to moderate (n = 105), severe (n = 33) and critical groups (n = 7). On admission, significant differences were observed among different disease severity groups including age, comorbidities, neutrophil proportion, lymphocyte count and proportion, D-Dimer, albumin, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, indirect bilirubin, CRP and SOFA score. Dynamic changes in LCR showed significant differences across different disease severity groups at different times, which were significantly inversely correlated with disease severity of COVID-19, with correlation coefficients of -0.564, -0.548, -0.550 and -0.429 at four different times. CONCLUSION: Dynamic changes in LCR can effectively differentiate disease severity and predict disease progression in adult COVID-19 patients.

Molecular characterization of a novel narnavirus infecting the phytopathogenic fungus Botryosphaeria dothidea.

Here, a novel mycovirus, Botryosphaeria dothidea narnavirus 5 (BdNV5), was discovered in the plant-pathogenic fungus Botryosphaeria dothidea strain ZM210167-1. The BdNV5 genome sequence is 2,397 nucleotides (nt) in length and contains a putative open reading frame (ORF) encoding an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) with a molecular mass of 72.77 kDa. A BLASTp search using the RdRp amino acid (aa) sequence showed that it was most similar to the RdRp of Botryosphaeria dothidea narnavirus 4 (42.35%). In a phylogenetic tree based on RdRp aa sequences, BdNV5 clustered with members of the family Narnaviridae. BdNV5 is thus a novel member of the family Narnaviridae infecting the phytopathogenic fungus B. dothidea.

Photonic neuromorphic architecture for tens-of-task lifelong learning.

Scalable, high-capacity, and low-power computing architecture is the primary assurance for increasingly manifold and large-scale machine learning tasks. Traditional electronic artificial agents by conventional power-hungry processors have faced the issues of energy and scaling walls, hindering them from the sustainable performance improvement and iterative multi-task learning. Referring to another modality of light, photonic computing has been progressively applied in high-efficient neuromorphic systems. Here, we innovate a reconfigurable lifelong-learning optical neural network (L2ONN), for highly-integrated tens-of-task machine intelligence with elaborated algorithm-hardware co-design. Benefiting from the inherent sparsity and parallelism in massive photonic connections, L2ONN learns each single task by adaptively activating sparse photonic neuron connections in the coherent light field, while incrementally acquiring expertise on various tasks by gradually enlarging the activation. The multi-task optical features are parallelly processed by multi-spectrum representations allocated with different wavelengths. Extensive evaluations on free-space and on-chip architectures confirm that for the first time, L2ONN avoided the catastrophic forgetting issue of photonic computing, owning versatile skills on challenging tens-of-tasks (vision classification, voice recognition, medical diagnosis, etc.) with a single model. Particularly, L2ONN achieves more than an order of magnitude higher efficiency than the representative electronic artificial neural networks, and 14× larger capacity than existing optical neural networks while maintaining competitive performance on each individual task. The proposed photonic neuromorphic architecture points out a new form of lifelong learning scheme, permitting terminal/edge AI systems with light-speed efficiency and unprecedented scalability.

Ureter Metastasis From Colorectal Cancer Revealed on 18 F-FDG PET/CT.

ABSTRACT: The involvement of the ureter as a site of metastasis of colorectal cancer is quite rare. Here we present FDG PET/CT findings of the right ureter metastasis from colon cancer in a patient after colectomy 6 years ago. 18 F-FDG PET/CT showed increased 18 F-FDG uptake in the right ureter with SUV max of 4.3. The pathology and immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis of ureter metastasis from colon cancer.