PGMF-VINS: Perpendicular-Based 3D Gaussian-Uniform Mixture Filter.

Visual-Inertial SLAM (VI-SLAM) has a wide range of applications spanning robotics, autonomous driving, AR, and VR due to its low-cost and high-precision characteristics. VI-SLAM is divided into localization and mapping tasks. However, researchers focus more on the localization task while the robustness of the mapping task is often ignored. To address this, we propose a map-point convergence strategy which explicitly estimates the position, the uncertainty, and the stability of the map point (SoM). As a result, the proposed method can effectively improve the quality of the whole map while ensuring state-of-the-art localization accuracy. The convergence strategy mainly consists of a perpendicular-based triangulation and 3D Gaussian-uniform mixture filter, and we name it PGMF, perpendicular-based 3D Gaussian-uniform mixture filter. The algorithm is extensively tested on open-source datasets, which shows the RVM (Ratio of Valid Map points) of our algorithm exhibits an average increase of 0.1471 compared to VINS-mono, with a variance reduction of 68.8%.

CBS/CSE mediated H2S production induced AMPs expression through Toll pathway in crabs with black gill syndrome.

The occurrence of black gill syndrome (BGS) is a serious threat to the healthy culture of Eriocheir sinensis. Studying the innate immune ability of E. sinensis with BGS can help develop new strategies for disease prevention and treatment. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have crucial roles in crustacean humoral immunity. In this study, we found that the expression levels of two antilipopolysaccharide factor (EsALF7 and EsALF-L), one Toll receptor 3 (EsToll3), and one Pelle kinase (EsPelle) were upregulated in E. sinensis with BGS. Moreover, ALFs expressions in E. sinensis with BGS were positively regulated by EsToll3 and EsPelle. The content of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in the gills of E. sinensis with BGS was increased. Further studies showed that the expressions of cystathionine ß-synthase (EsCBS) and cystathionine γ-lyase (EsCSE) in the gills of E. sinensis with BGS were upregulated, which positively regulate the production of H2S. Whether there was a correlation between the upregulation of ALFs expression and changes in H2S content? Further studies showed that 1) the expressions of EsToll3, EsPelle, EsALF7, and EsALF-L in the gills of E. sinensis were upregulated under H2S exposure and 2) the knockdown of EsCBS and EsCSE in E. sinensis reduced the transcriptions of EsToll3, EsPelle, EsALF7, and EsALF-L. To sum up, these findings suggest that upregulation of H2S content induced by CBS/CSE promotes the expression of ALFs through the Toll pathway in E. sinensis suffering from BGS.

Analysis of brain network differences in the active, motor imagery, and passive stoke rehabilitation paradigms based on the task-state EEG.

Different movement paradigms have varying effects on stroke rehabilitation, and their mechanisms of action on the brain are not fully understood. This study aims to investigate disparities in brain network and functional connectivity of three movement paradigms (active, motor imagery, passive) on stroke recovery. EEG signals were recorded from 11 S patients (SP) and 13 healthy controls (HC) during fist clenching and opening tasks under the three paradigms. Brain networks were constructed to analyze alterations in brain network connectivity, node strength (NS), clustering coefficients (CC), characteristic path length (CPL), and small-world index(S). Our findings revealed increased activity in the contralateral motor area in SP and higher activity in the ipsilateral motor area in HC. In the beta band, SP exhibited significantly higher CC in motor imagery (MI) than in active and passive tasks. Furthermore, the small world index of SP during MI tasks in the beta band was significantly smaller than in the active and passive tasks. NS in the gamma band for SP during the MI paradigm was significantly higher than in the active and passive paradigms. These findings suggest reorganization within both ipsilateral and contralateral motor areas of stroke patients during MI tasks, providing evidence for neural restructuring. Collectively, these findings contribute to a deeper understanding of task-state brain network changes and the rehabilitative mechanism of MI on motor function.

Task decomposition strategy based on machine learning for boosting performance and identifying mechanisms in heterogeneous activation of peracetic acid process.

Heterogeneous activation of peracetic acid (PAA) process is a promising method for removing organic pollutants from water. Nevertheless, this process is constrained by several complex factors, such as the selection of catalysts, optimization of reaction conditions, and identification of mechanism. In this study, a task decomposition strategy was adopted by combining a catalyst and reaction condition optimization machine learning (CRCO-ML) model and a mechanism identification machine learning (MI-ML) model to address these issues. The Categorical Boosting (CatBoost) model was identified as the best-performing model for the dataset (1024 sets and 7122 data points) in this study, achieving an R2 of 0.92 and an RMSE of 1.28. Catalyst composition, PAA dosage, and catalyst dosage were identified as the three most important features through SHAP analysis in the CRCO-ML model. The HCO3- is considered the most influential water matrix affecting the k value. The errors between all reverse experiment results and the predictions of the CRCO-ML and MI-ML models were <10 % and 15 %, respectively. This interdisciplinary work provides novel insights into the design and application of the heterogeneous activation of PAA process, significantly contributing to the rapid development of this technology.

Tuning metal-support interactions in nickel-zeolite catalysts leads to enhanced stability during dry reforming of methane.

Ni-based catalysts are highly reactive for dry reforming of methane (DRM) but they are prone to rapid deactivation due to sintering and/or coking. In this study, we present a straightforward approach for anchoring dispersed Ni sites with strengthened metal-support interactions, which leads to Ni active sites embedded in dealuminated Beta zeolite with superior stability and rates for DRM. The process involves solid-state grinding of dealuminated Beta zeolites and nickel nitrate, followed by calcination under finely controlled gas flow conditions. By combining in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy and ab initio simulations, it is elucidated that the efficient removal of byproducts during catalyst synthesis is conducted to strengthen Ni-Si interactions that suppress coking and sintering after 100 h of time-on-stream. Transient isotopic kinetic experiments shed light on the differences in intrinsic turnover frequency of Ni species and explain performance trends. This work constructs a fundamental understanding regarding the implication of facile synthesis protocols on metal-support interaction in zeolite-supported Ni sites, and it lays the needed foundations on how these interactions can be tuned for outstanding DRM performance.

Modal test and finite element updating of sprayer boom truss.

In addressing the finite element model and actual structural error of the sprayer boom truss, this study aims to achieve high-precision dynamic characteristics, enhance simulation credibility, make informed optimization decisions, and reduce testing costs. The research investigates the dynamic behavior of the sprayer boom truss through modal experiments and finite element simulations. Initially, modal parameters of the sprayer boom are obtained through experimental testing, validating their reasonableness and reliability. Subsequently, Ansys Workbench18.0 simulation software was employed to analyze the finite element model of the sprayer boom, revealing a maximum relative error of 11.93% compared to experimental results. To improve accuracy, a kriging-based response surface model was constructed, and multi-objective parameter adjustments using the MOGA algorithm reduce the maximum relative error to 4.6%. Sensitivity analysis further refines the model by optimizing target parameters, resulting in a maximum relative error of 4.96%. These findings demonstrate the effective enhancement of the corrected finite element model's precision, with the response surface method outperforming sensitivity analysis the maximum relative error between the updated finite element model and experimental results was within the engineering allowable range, confirming the effectiveness of the updated model.

PRP improves the outcomes of autologous skin graft transplantation on the esophagus by promoting angiogenesis and inhibiting fibrosis and inflammation.

Background and Objectives: Autologous skin graft (ASG) transplantation is a challenging approach but a promising option for patients to prevent postoperative esophageal stricture. Nonetheless, the current strategies require improvement. We aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the injection of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) before skin graft transplantation for extensive esophageal defects after endoscopic resection. Methods: Standardized complete circular endoscopic resection (5 cm in length) was performed in 27 pigs allocated into 3 groups. The artificial ulcers were treated with a fully covered esophageal stent (control group), ASG (ASG group), and submucosal injection of PRP with ASG (PRP-ASG group). Macroscopic evaluation and histological analysis of the remolded esophagus were performed 7, 14, and 28 days after surgery. Results: The macroscopic evaluation indicated that submucosal injection of PRP before transplantation effectively promoted the survival rate of skin grafts and decreased the rate of mucosal contraction compared with those treated with ASG or stent alone. Histological analysis of submucosal tissue showed that this modified strategy significantly promoted wound healing of reconstructed tissues by enhancing angiogenesis, facilitating collagen deposition, and decreasing inflammation and fibrogenesis. Conclusions: These findings suggested that PRP might be used as a biological supplement to increase the esophageal skin graft survival rate and improve submucosal tissue remolding in a clinically relevant porcine model. With extremely low mucosal contraction, this novel combination strategy showed the potential to effectively prevent stenosis in extensive esophageal ulcers.

A logic-activated nanoswitch for killing cancer cells according to assessment of drug-resistance.

A logic-activated nanoswitch that could diagnose the differences between drug-resistant and non-drug-resistant cancer cells and control the release of drugs was developed for enhanced chemo-gene therapy using a standalone system. Compared to traditional treatments, the nanoswitch displayed improved anti-tumor efficiency in vitro.

One-Step Carbonization Synthesis of N, S Co-Doped Carbon Materials Derived from Agricultural Waste Peanut Shells for High-Performance Symmetric Supercapacitors.

Biomass carbon has the advantages of wide source, low cost and environmental protection, and has been widely used in the field of electrochemical energy storage. In this work, N and S co-doped carbon materials were prepared by using peanut shell as carbon source and thiourea as activator. When the peanut shell and activator were 2 g and 4 g, respectively, the prepared NSPC-4 had the largest specific surface area and special pore structure. Elemental analysis showed that the activator introduced more N, S and O atoms to the carbon material, and more heteroatoms helped to improve the surface structure of the carbon material and provide additional pseudocapacitance. In addition, NSPC-4 contains a short-range ordered graphite structure, which can provide excellent electrical conductivity. The electrochemical test results show that NSPC-4 has the largest specific capacitance. When the mass of the activator is higher than or below 4 g, the electrochemical performance of the carbon material will be reduced. The symmetric supercapacitor (SSC) assembled by NSPC-4 has an energy density of 8.3 Wh kg-1 when the power density is 350 W kg-1. The synthesis method is not only simple, green and economical, but also has important application value.

High glucose elevates intracellular calcium level and induces ferroptosis in glomerular endothelial cells through the miR-223-3p/ITPR3 pathway.

We investigated the link between ferroptosis and the miR-223-3p/inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 (ITPR3) pathway in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Blood samples from DKD patients and healthy controls were analysed for iron ions, calcium ions, and lipid peroxidation. High-glucose-induced glomerular endothelial cells were used to simulate DKD. MiR-223-3p overexpression or silencing was achieved using adenoviruses, affecting ferroptosis regulators (glutathione peroxidase 4 [GPX4], cystine/glutamate transporter (xCT), and long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 4 [ACSL4]) and ITPR3. DKD patients showed elevated levels of iron ions, calcium ions, and lipid peroxidation. High glucose downregulated miR-223-3p, reducing xCT and GPX4 expression and increasing ACSL4 expression. MiR-223-3p was confirmed to target ITPR3 through luciferase reporter assay. MiR-223-3p overexpression reversed high-glucose-induced effects on ferroptosis markers and ITPR3 expression. In summary, high glucose levels decreased miR-223-3p expression, leading to increased calcium ion levels and ferroptosis, potentially through ITPR3 modulation. These findings provide insights into the mechanisms underlying DKD and its potential therapeutic targets.

Tailoring Interlayer Microenvironment of 2D Layered Double Hydroxides for CO2 Reduction with Enhanced C2+ Production.

Both the physicochemical properties of catalytic material and the structure of loaded catalyst layer (CL) on gas diffusion electrode (GDE) are of crucial importance in determining the conversion efficiency and product selectivity of carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR). However, the highly reducing reaction condition of CO2RR will lead to the uncontrollable structural and compositional changes of catalysts, making it difficult to tailor surface properties and microstructure of the real active species for favored products. Herein, the interlayer microenvironment of copper-based layered double hydroxides (LDHs) is rationally tuned by a facile ink solvent engineering, which affects both the surface characters and microstructure of CL on GDE, leading to distinct catalytic activity and product selectivity. According to series of in situ and ex situ techniques, the appropriate surface wettability and thickness of porous CL are found to play critical roles in controlling the local CO2 concentration and water dissociation steps that are key for hydrogenation during CO2RR, leading to a high Faradaic efficiency of 75.3% for C2+ products and a partial current density of 275 mA cm-2 at -0.8 V versus RHE. This work provides insights into rational design of efficient electrocatalysts toward CO2RR for multi-carbon generation.

Rivaroxaban for Thromboembolism Prophylaxis in Patients with Nephrotic Syndrome: A Single-Arm, Prospective Study.

Introduction: Thromboembolism is a recognized complication of nephrotic syndrome (NS). Evidence supporting the use of rivaroxaban to prevent NS-related thrombosis is limited and controversial. This study aimed to explore the impact of NS on rivaroxaban pharmacokinetics and to collect observational data on the efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban as primary thromboprophylaxis in patients with NS. Methods: This prospective study analyzed 141 patients with NS who received rivaroxaban (10 mg/day) for thromboprophylaxis. High-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to measure the trough and peak plasma concentrations (Ctrough and Cmax) of rivaroxaban. The influence of clinical and genetic factors on these concentrations was examined using multivariate logistic regression. Results: The median Cmax and Ctrough were 68.5 ng/mL (interquartile range [IQR], 31.7-105.5 ng/mL) and 4.4 ng/mL (IQR, 1.2-11.9 ng/mL), respectively. The incidence of thromboembolic events (TEs) was 12.8%, while that of bleeding events was 14.2%, although all were classified as minor. Albumin level was the most significant factor affecting Cmax (ρ = 0.55; p < 0.001) and was also significantly associated with TEs (0.81; 0.71-0.91 per 1.0 g/dL increase; p = 0.001) and bleeding risks (1.11; 1.03-1.19 per 1.0 g/dL increase; p = 0.008). Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the ABCB1 gene significantly influenced Ctrough but were not associated with clinical outcomes. Conclusion: Hypoalbuminemia significantly affects the pharmacokinetics of rivaroxaban in NS patients. A dose-adjustment strategy based on rivaroxaban concentrations, accounting for variable albumin levels, may improve the safety and efficacy of thromboprophylaxis in this population.

Establishment of heterozygous LMOD2 knockout human embryonic stem cell line (ZZUNEUi022-A-1) using CRISPR/Cas9 system.

Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM), a prevalent form of cardiomyopathy, is characterized by ventricular dilation and systolic dysfunction. Its etiology is intricate, encompassing multiple genetic and environmental elements. The LMOD2 (Leiomodin 2) gene has been demonstrated to be closely associated with the pathogenesis of DCM. In this study, a pure cell line was generated by knocking out the LMOD2 gene, and a DCM cell model was established through induced differentiation, thus providing a powerful experimental approach for further understanding the pathogenesis of DCM. It also provides a potential research orientation for the early diagnosis and individualized treatment of DCM.

Identification of neutrophil extracellular traps genes as potential biomarkers in psoriasis based on bioinformatics analysis.

The epidermal infiltration of neutrophils is a hallmark of psoriasis (PSO) and its activation leads to the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). However, the molecular mechanism of NETs-related genes (NETRGs) has not been extensively studied in PSO. To define NETs-related-biomarkers for PSO. The GSE13355 and GSE78097 datasets, and NETRGs gene set were included in this study. The datasets used in this study were all microarray data. The weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and machine learning algorithms were used to mine key genes. Later on, single-gene gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and immune infiltration analysis were implemented. Finally, the expression of key genes was verified using quantitative real-time fluorescence PCR (qRT-PCR). A total of 3 key genes (S100A9, CLEC7A, and CXCR4) were derived, and they all had excellent diagnostic performance. The single-gene GSEA enrichment results indicated that the key genes were mainly enriched in the chemokine signaling pathway and humoral immune response in the high-expression group, while focal adhesion was enriched in the low-expression group. The correlation analysis indicated that all key genes were strongly negatively correlated with resting mast cells and TGF-ß family member receptor, while they were strongly positively correlated with activated CD4 memory T cells and antigen processing and presentation. Lastly, the experimental results showed that the expression trends of key genes were consistent with public database. In this study, we successfully screened three potential PSO diagnostic genes (S100A9, CLEC7A and CXCR4) that were closely related to NETs, and these findings not only provided new molecular marker candidates for the precise diagnosis of PSO patients, but also revealed possible future therapeutic targets. However, further in-depth research and validation were necessary.

Correlation of aortic root dimensions and mortality in acute heart failure: A nationwide prospective cohort study.

Background: An association between increased aortic root dimensions (ARD) and elevated risk of cardiovascular mortality has been reported in the general population. However, evidence regarding the association between ARD and mortality in patients with acute heart failure (AHF) is limited. Methods: In a nationwide prospective cohort of the China Patient-Centered Evaluative Assessment of Cardiac Events Prospective Heart Failure Study, ARD was measured during diastole using echocardiography and indexed to body mass index (BMI). Cox proportional hazard models were used to validate the association between BMI-indexed ARD and mortality. Additionally, the relationship between BMI-indexed ARD and mortality was presented using restricted cubic spline in all populations, and both sexes. Results: A total of 2125 participants with ARD were included in the final analysis, among of 38.4 % were women, with a median age of 67 years. Over a median follow-up period of 54.4 (interquartile range: 30.1 to 59.7) months, 895 deaths occurred, with 750 attributed to cardiovascular causes and 145 to non-cardiovascular causes. Compared to the highest tertile group of BMI-indexed ARD, the lowest tertile group had a lower risk of cardiovascular mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 0.71; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 0.58 to 0.87; P < 0.001) and all-cause mortality (HR, 0.68; 95 % CI, 0.56 to 0.81; P < 0.001). Similarly, the middle tertile group also had a lower risk of cardiovascular mortality (HR, 0.78; 95 % CI, 0.65 to 0.93; P = 0.007) and all-cause mortality (HR, 0.75; 95 % CI, 0.63 to 0.89; P < 0.001). Considering the competing risks, the lowest BMI-indexed ARD groups showed a significant mortality risk of cardiovascular mortality in all populations, and both sexes. Moreover, the relationship between BMI-indexed ARD and mortality was linear in males, while a "J" shaped relationship was observed in females. Conclusion: Lower BMI-indexed ARD was associated with a decreased risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality than those with higher BMI-indexed ARD in AHF. Additionally, a discrepancy was observed between the sexes in the relationship between BMI-indexed ARD and mortality. These findings contribute to the prompt identification of potential mortality risks in patients with AHF.

A zero precision loss framework for EEG channel selection: enhancing efficiency and maintaining interpretability.

The brain-computer interface (BCI) systems based on motor imagery typically rely on a large number of electrode channels to acquire information. The rational selection of electroencephalography (EEG) channel combinations is crucial for optimizing computational efficiency and enhancing practical applicability. However, evaluating all potential channel combinations individually is impractical. This study aims to explore a strategy for quickly achieving a balance between maximizing channel reduction and minimizing precision loss. To this end, we developed a spatio-temporal attention perception network named STAPNet. Based on the channel contributions adaptively generated by its subnetwork, we propose an extended step bi-directional search strategy that includes variable ratio channel selection (VRCS) and strided greedy channel selection (SGCS), designed to enhance global search capabilities and accelerate the optimization process. Experimental results show that on the High Gamma and BCI Competition IV 2a public datasets, the framework respectively achieved average maximum accuracies of 91.47% and 84.17%. Under conditions of zero precision loss, the average number of channels was reduced by a maximum of 87.5%. Additionally, to investigate the impact of neural information loss due to channel reduction on the interpretation of complex brain functions, we employed a heatmap visualization algorithm to verify the universal importance and complete symmetry of the selected optimal channel combination across multiple datasets. This is consistent with the brain's cooperative mechanism when processing tasks involving both the left and right hands.

Exploration of diverse secondary metabolites from Penicillium brasilianum by co-culturing with Armillaria mellea.

Bioinformatic analysis revealed that the genomes of ubiquitous Penicillium spp. might carry dozens of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), yet many clusters have remained uncharacterized. In this study, a detailed investigation of co-culture fermentation including the basidiomycete Armillaria mellea CPCC 400891 and the P. brasilianum CGMCC 3.4402 enabled the isolation of five new compounds including two bisabolene-type sesquiterpenes (arpenibisabolanes A and B), two carotane-type sesquiterpenes (arpenicarotanes A and B), and one polyketide (arpenichorismite A) along with seven known compounds. The assignments of their structures were deduced by the extensive analyses of detailed spectroscopic data, electronic circular dichroism spectra, together with delimitation of the biogenesis. Most new compounds were not detected in monocultures under the same fermentation conditions. Arpenibisabolane A represents the first example of a 6/5-fused bicyclic bisabolene. The bioassay of these five new compounds exhibited no cytotoxic activities in vitro against three human cancer cell lines (A549, MCF-7, and HepG2). Moreover, sequence alignments and bioinformatic analysis to other metabolic pathways, two BGCs including Pb-bis and Pb-car, responsible for generating sesquiterpenoids from co-culture were identified, respectively. Furthermore, based on the chemical structures and deduced gene functions of the two clusters, a hypothetic metabolic pathway for biosynthesizing induced sesquiterpenoids was proposed. These results demonstrated that the co-culture approach would facilitate bioprospecting for new metabolites even from the well-studied microbes. Our findings would provide opportunities for further understanding of the biosynthesis of intriguing sesquiterpenoids via metabolic engineering strategies. KEY POINTS: • Penicillium and Armillaria co-culture facilitates the production of diverse secondary metabolites • Arpenibisabolane A represents the first example of 6/5-fused bicyclic bisabolenes • A hypothetic metabolic pathway for biosynthesizing induced sesquiterpenoids was proposed.

Sulfur-containing cellulose esters for selectively anchoring gold for water catalytic decontamination.

The facile preparation of sustainable sulfur-containing polymer functional materials has been obtained great attention due to their chemical reactivity and metal complexing ability. In this study, taking the solution properties advantages of the newly developed cellulose solvent system of DBU/DMSO/CO2, thiol and disulfide bond functionalized cellulose ester (TDSCE) was facilely prepared via in-situ tandem transesterification and oxidation reaction by using methyl 3-mercaptopropionate, without adding any external catalyst. The synthetic protocol was featured by that the DBU not only acted as reagent for the dissolution of cellulose, but also catalysts for the transesterification of cellulose with methyl 3-mercaptopropionate to yield cellulose 3-mercaptopropionate (Cell-MP) with maximum degrees of substitution (DS) of 0.77, and an oxidant for the partial oxidation of Cell-MP to produce a cellulose methyl 3,3'-disulfanediyldipropionate (Cell-MDSP) with maximum DS of 0.36 mixed ester, respectively. With successful introduction of thiol and disulfide bond into the cellulose backbone, the TDSCEs indicated desirable selective absorption of Au3+ from mimic heavy mental ions waste water due to the sulfur-Au chemistry with maximal adsorption capacity for Au3+ of 415.2 mg/g. The subsequent reduction of Au3+ into gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) fabricated a robust TDSCE-2@Au NPs composite catalyst with high catalytic activity for the hydrogenation treatment of water pollutes, such as 4-nitrophenol (4-NP)and azo dyes.

Robust and smooth Couinaud segmentation via anatomical structure-guided point-voxel network.

Precise Couinaud segmentation from preoperative liver computed tomography (CT) is crucial for surgical planning and lesion examination. However, this task is challenging as it is defined based on vessel structures, and there is no intensity contrast between adjacent Couinaud segments in CT images. To solve this challenge, we design a multi-scale point-voxel fusion framework, which can more effectively model the spatial relationship of points and the semantic information of the image, producing robust and smooth Couinaud segmentations. Specifically, we first segment the liver and vessels from the CT image and generate 3D liver point clouds and voxel grids embedded with the vessel structure. Then, our method with two input-specific branches extracts complementary feature representations from points and voxels, respectively. The local attention module adaptively fuses features from the two branches at different scales to balance the contribution of different branches in learning more discriminative features. Furthermore, we propose a novel distance loss at the feature level to make the features in the segment more compact, thereby improving the certainty of segmentation between segments. Our experimental results on three public liver datasets demonstrate that our proposed method outperforms several state-of-the-art methods by large margins. Specifically, in out-of-distribution (OOD) testing of LiTS dataset, our method exceeded the voxel-based 3D UNet by approximately 20% in Dice score, and outperformed the point-based PointNet2Plus by approximately 8% in Dice score. Our code and manual annotations of the public datasets presented in this paper are available online: https://github.com/xukun-zhang/Couinaud-Segmentation.

Spatially resolved profiling of protein conformation and interactions by biocompatible chemical cross-linking in living cells.

Unlocking the intricacies of protein structures and interactions within the dynamic landscape of subcellular organelles presents a significant challenge. To address this, we introduce SPACX, a method for spatially resolved protein complex profiling via biocompatible chemical cross(x)-linking with subcellular isolation, designed to monitor protein conformation, interactions, and translocation in living cells. By rapidly capturing protein complexes in their native physiological state and efficiently enriching cross-linked peptides, SPACX allows comprehensive analysis of the protein interactome within living cells. Leveraging structure refinement with cross-linking restraints, we identify subcellular-specific conformation heterogeneity of PTEN, revealing dynamic differences in its dual specificity domains between the nucleus and cytoplasm. Furthermore, by discerning conformational disparities, we identify 83 cytoplasm-exclusive and 109 nucleus-exclusive PTEN-interacting proteins, each associated with distinct biological functions. Upon induction of ubiquitin-proteasome system stress, we observe dynamic alterations in PTEN assembly and its interacting partners during translocation. These changes, including the identification of components and interaction sites, are characterized using the SPACX approach. Notably, SPACX enables identification of unique interacting proteins specific to PTEN isoforms, including PTEN and PTEN-Long, through the determination of sequence-specific cross-linking interfaces. These findings underscore the potential of SPACX to elucidate the functional diversity of proteins within distinct subcellular sociology.